英文標點符號如何使用？

01-30

從課本上摘錄一下英語標點的使用方法：

一、the comma（逗號）

1、A comma is
used in a compound sentence before the conjunction or connective(and, but
,or,for,so,nor,or yet) 在複合句中逗號放在連詞前使用

例：We are
tired, and we decided to have a rest.

當並列的句子為獨立的短句、簡單句，在意義上具有聯繫時，也可以不用連詞，直接用逗號連接：A memoir is history, it is based on evidence.

2、A comma is
used after an adverbial clause or phrase(including a prepositional phrase and a
participial phrase) before the subject of the sentence or in the middle of the
sentence.句子有狀語從句（包括介詞短語、分詞短語等）時，逗號通常位於從句之後，主語之前或置於句子中間。

例：When the
bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class.

To see the importance of this railway, one has to look at a map.

當狀語從句較短或者不使用逗號不會引起歧義的情況下可以不使用逗號：In one corner of the room they found the injured cat.

當狀語從句跟在主句之後也可以不使用逗號：He found the document in one of the drawer of his desk.

3、Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases having the
same function in the sentence.

例：The little
girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act.

4、Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commas

例：Wang Li, who
is the best singer of the class, will teach us to sing the song.

5、Commas set off parenthetical elements:

例：The
director, in fact, has done very little work..

6、The comma is habitually used in places shown in the following
examples，習慣用法舉例：

Yes, I think so.

No, it』s not very good.

She is beautiful, isn』t she?

Today is January 5, 2009.

He said,」Thank you.」

「Thank you,」 he said.

This factory produced 800,000 bicycles last year.

二、句號（Period）

1.The period is used at the end of a
declarative sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question.

The period marks the end of a sentence..The
next word, if you go on writing, has to be capitalized because it begins a new
sentence.句號位於一句話的句尾，標誌著這句話的結束。下一句話開頭的首字母應該大寫。

2.The period is used with
mostabbrevitations.

句號常用在縮寫中

例：Mr. Mrs.
Dr. U.S.A. a.m.
p.m. U.K. B.A.

但現在在使用縮寫時通常把句號省略，尤其是用於組織機構的名稱等時

例：NBA UNESCO
NATO BBC NBC
YMCA

3.Three spaced periods( the ellipsis mark)
indicate the omission of one of more words within a quoted passage.佔三個位置的句號（即省略號）通常用來表示省略。

也用來表示說話間的停頓等。

例：「What do
you mean?」

「I
meann…well, I mean you needn』t be involves in it.」

If an ellipsis is at the end of a sentence,
a period is used after it. As a result, four periods are used together.

三、分號（Semicolon）

1.The semicolon is used between two
coordinate clauses not linked by a conjunction(and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)

例: No one is
born with knowledge; knowledge must be taught and learned.

分號將句子分為兩層意思，但又不及句號對句子的劃分那麼絕對。

在使用諸如 however,
therefore, hence, nevertheless, thus, moreover, thus.etc.等連詞時可與分號連接使用，但不可與逗號連接使用。

2.The semicolon is used with conjunctions
when the clauses have internal punctuation.

例：Unfortunately,
Wang couldn』t come; and his absence made things difficult for us.

3.The semicolon is used to separate a
series of items which contain internal commas:

例：On the
committee are quite a few well-known people; for example, Professor Zhao, Dean
of the Normal College; Mr.Han, editor-in-chief of the local evening paper; and
Mr.Hu, Director of the Bureau of Culture.

4. A semicolon may join a clause with a
word or words ommitted; the ommission is sometimes indicated by a comma.連接兩個分句，用逗號代替前面提到過後面省略的部分。

例：Five
students from Class 1 won prizes in the competition; two from Class 2; none
from Class3.

There are four Nobel Prize winners in their university; in our
university, none.

ps：自己碼的，真的是太多了……逗號句號分號完成……引號，問號，感嘆號……等等……慢慢碼。。。

根據手裡的有效學習時間定怎麼學：

1、單就逗號而言，Line by line How to edit your own writing一本書中就有20頁講解。如果有3小時以上的時間，推薦這本書的方法。大類分法，比很多書中給的嚇人的30種用法扎堆兒的羅列好很多。你就別想記住，至少別想記全。Line書甚是專業，自然，也可能會不好看，但邏輯上要有結構的多。

2、時間多的是的人，估計沒有，但還是推薦下MLA 的guidebook。跟字典一樣，

課本是不靠譜兒的，規則諸多的例外都沒講，同時，也沒講為何要用逗號，這麼學下去，跟背單詞沒區別了。

這裡給個總則，標點的目的在於澄清句子結構，如果句子結構是清晰的，是根本不需要很多看起來必要的標點的。如一樓提到的第一條：and 之前不一定要逗號，複合句也一樣

可以參見比較權威的普渡大學在線寫作實驗室（The Purdue OWL）,例證詳實，清晰明了。

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/6/

佔個坑，考完試了再慢慢寫。