凱撒大帝和亞歷山大大帝誰更偉大？

回答：凱撒在各方面都勝過亞歷山大。

原問題：Who was the greater leader, Julius Caesar or Alexander the Great?

在阿萊西亞的一場決定性戰役後，凱撒接受維欽托利的投降。

Caesar accepting Vercingetorix』s surrender after the decisive Battle of Alesia.

Cameron Greene

Answered Mar 10

我同意John Bartram的說法，凱撒和亞歷山大的領導力是不能比較的。但是若我要給出確切答案，我會挺凱撒。

I agree with John Bartram in that their leaderships are incomparable but to give a solid answer, I』m sticking with Caesar.

亞歷山大是個了不起的領導者，這點毫無疑問，但他也有很棘手的缺點。老實講，這些缺點會讓我遲疑是否要在一場戰役中服從他的指揮：

Alexander was a magnificent leader, no doubt, but he had his fair share of troubles that would honestly make me hesitant to follow him in battle or under his command:

亞歷山大在進軍印度的時候實際上遭遇了一次兵變，士兵們抱怨他帶兵二十年，卻沒想過辦法減輕他們對家庭和愛人的思念帶來的負擔。於是亞歷山大不得不曳兵回府，在帶兵經過格德羅西亞沙漠的時候損失了一大部分的軍隊。

Alexander was actually mutinied on by his troops when he crossed into India, being dragged for well over twenty years did little to ease the burden of missing their families and loved ones. Alexander would be forced to return back to Macedonia with his army, taking them through the Gedrosian Desert where he lost a substantial portion of his army.

而凱撒，據信，在一生中只經歷過一次兵變，那是在羅馬城外等他回歸的駐軍發動的。焦躁的軍隊嚷嚷著要退伍，要拿薪水。這時凱撒現身兵團之中，成功施展逆反心理學，把他的兵團重新帶回到對他的忠誠之中，連一賽斯特斯（羅馬貨幣）都沒支付。這就是凱撒名聲的力量。

Caesar, to his credit, experienced mutiny only once in his life from his lingering legions awaiting his return outside of Rome. His legions were annoyed, wanting a discharge and their pay. Caesar presented himself to his legions and was able to use reverse psychology to trick his legions into remaining loyal within his army, not paying them one sesterce. That was the power of Caesar』s name.

亞歷山大的野心與其說是為馬其頓爭得光榮，不如說是自私的。正是出於這種人格，亞歷山大殺掉了他最好的將軍之一，衛隊長克萊特，而他曾在高加米拉救過亞歷山大。在酒後的爭吵中，就因為爭議亞歷山大的「東方行事風格」和持續東進計劃，亞歷山大將其斬殺。

Alexander』s ambitions were less for the glory of Macedon than they were for himself. Such was the ego of Alexander that he killed one of his best generals, Cleitus the Black who had saved his life at Gaugamela, over a drunken argument as to why Alexander had taken on 『Asian ways』 and continually pushed East.

凱撒，作為一名政治家，操盤能力是完美的。他一方面當然要保證他自己的權力，把自己變為一個無冕之王，另一方面凱撒也有對人民的尊重和愛，以至於旁人難以企及這種境界。他被刺身亡只證明了人民有多麼義憤填膺。

Caesar, as a politician, played his interests perfectly. While he was assuredly trying to secure his own power and make himself a pseudo-emperor, Caesar had the respect and love of the populace to such a large degree that he was essentially 『untouchable,』 his murder only proving the fury that the mob could have over someone』s death.

亞歷山大的征服，雖然範圍廣，卻缺乏完善管理，正如其身後之事可鑒（亞歷山大死後帝國分崩離析）。沒有清晰的權力和繼承鏈，亞歷山大的將軍們轉入分裂帝國、畫疆分土的活動中，發動了長達47年的爭奪繼承位的戰爭。這一系列戰爭見證了亞歷山大廣大帝國的瓦解和馬其頓勢力在世界上的消亡。

Alexander』s conquests, while grand in scale, were poorly managed as was proven in his death. Leaving no clear chain of power or succession, Alexander』s generals descended into dividing the empire into their own kingdoms and launching the Wars of the Diadochi which stretched for well over 47 years. This series of wars would see the final dissolution of Alexander』s grand empire and the end of Macedonian power in the world.

凱撒的征服到其死後騷亂為止，一直是穩固的。高盧和埃及仍歸羅馬，而即使一場內部惡戰在即，凱撒已經選定了一位值得信賴的繼承人，屋大維，他將繼續贏得戰爭，並開創羅馬帝國的時代。在凱撒身後的屋大維時代，羅馬將迎來數年前所未有的發展和繁榮，將其帶入黃金時代，史稱羅馬和平。

Caesar』s conquests stayed with Rome throughout the turmoil that followed in his death. Gaul and Egypt remained with Rome and while the following Civil War was indeed brutal, Caesar had chosen a worthy successor in Octavian who would go on to win the war and usher in the age of the Roman Empire. After Caesar and under Octavian, Rome would experience years of unprecedented growth and prosperity that saw it enter its golden age, Pax Romana.

亞歷山大（據我觀點）是被他的將軍謀殺的，他們已經無法跟上亞歷山大的野心。他那擴張非洲、進軍西部的計劃對於年老欲歸、思家心切的將軍來說無力承擔。與之相伴的還有亞歷山大的妄想症和其他精神病狀，證據就是他殺掉了克萊特、帕曼紐。而男寵赫費斯提翁之死讓他再無希望，因為他持續的酗酒惡化了他的精神狀態。

Alexander was (in my opinion) murdered by his fellow generals who simply could not go on further with Alexander』s wild ambitions. His talks of expanding into Africa and going West were simply too much for his aging Macedonians who wished to settle down and remain with their families. This coupled with the paranoia and manic episodes that Alexander experienced, as evident his him killing Cleitus and Parmenion and the death of Hephaestion, rendered any faith in him useless as his mental state deteriorated with constant drinking.

凱撒是被那些發誓要保護他的人謀殺的，他們看見了他奪取權力，自封「羅馬之王」的過程。與謀者嚴重低估了人民對凱撒的愛，以為他們有民意支持。事實證明，民怨即將沸騰之時，馬克安東尼與其談判，滿足他的要求才肯特赦他們。凱撒死前精明的一步棋保證了他不僅將名垂千古，他的繼承者也會賦予它新的高度，並且凱撒這個名字將成為往後幾千年權力的代名詞。

註：凱撒葬禮當晚羅馬市民襲擊刺殺者的住居迫使他們逃亡。

Caesar was murdered by those sworn to protect him, seeing his grab for power as him asserting himself as 『King of Rome.』 The conspirators had greatly underestimated the love the mob had for Caesar and thought they had public support for their actions. They were proven wrong when the mob came close to the breaking point, Mark Antony threatening to unleash them on the Optimates unless his demands were met. A shrewd move on Caesar』s part before his death ensured that not only would his name live on, his successor would carry it to new heights and cement the name Caesar as one of power for millenniums to come.

這兩個領導者的差異性幾乎多得不可勝數，他們的天性與環境一同造就了他們。比較這種不朽的歷史人物實在是不可能的，但是僅就這個問題而言，我因種種原因信任凱撒這個領導者，亞歷山大也算。凱撒的天才能激發難以置信的忠誠，使其名字不朽並成為權力象徵，充分說明了他的雄才偉略和功名成就。

我站凱撒這邊。

The two leaders were indeed different to almost incalculable degrees, their natures shaping them just as much as their upbringing did. It is indeed hard to compare such monumental figures of history but for the sake of this question, I put my faith in Caesar as a leader above many, Alexander included. His ability to inspire loyalty to a fault and have his name immortalized as a sign of power speaks volumes to Caesar』s leadership and accomplishments.

I trust in Caesar.