《國際保理通則》（GRIF 2013）譯註（十）：對進口保理商權利的保護

01-29

Article 20 Rights of the Import Factor

(i) If any cash, cheque, draft, note or other instrument in payment of any receivables assigned to the Import Factor is received by the Export Factor or any of his suppliers, the Export Factor must immediately inform the Import Factor of such receipt. It shall be held in trust by the Export Factor or such supplier on behalf of the Import Factor and shall, if so requested by the Import Factor, be duly endorsed and delivered promptly to him.

(ii) If the sales contract contains a prohibition of assignment the Import Factor shall have the same rights as set forth in paragraph (ii) of Article 12 as agent for the Export Factor and/or the supplier.

(iii) If the Import Factor:

(a) is unable to obtain judgement in respect of any receivable assigned to him in the courts, any arbitration panel or other tribunal of competent jurisdiction of the debtor』s country (collectively, a 「Tribunal」) by reason only of:

(1) clear and convincing language relating to jurisdiction or alternate dispute resolution in the contract of sale between the supplier and the debtor which gave rise to that receivable; or

(2) denial of jurisdiction to proceed in the debtor』s country by any such Tribunal; and

(b) informs the Export Factor of that inability within 365 days of the due date of the invoice representing that receivable;

then the Import Factor may immediately reassign that receivable and recover from the Export Factor any amount paid in respect of it under paragraph (ii) of Article 24.

(iv) If, within 3 years from the date of any reassignment referred to in paragraph (iii) of this article, the Export Factor or the supplier shall have obtained a judgement or award by any Tribunal in relation to the reassigned receivable against the debtor enforceable in the debtor』s country, then, to the extent that the receivable had been approved, the Import Factor shall:

(a) accept an assignment of all the rights against the debtor under that judgement and again accept the receivable as approved; and

(b) make a Payment under Approval, as defined in Article 24 and hereinafter referred to as a PUA within 14 days of the date on which payment is to be made by the debtor according to the judgement provided that the assignment required under paragraph (iv) (a) of this Article has been made effectively by the Export Factor within that period.

All costs in relation to the obtaining of judgement under this Article shall be the responsibility of the Export Factor.

第二十條　進口保理商的權利

1．如出口保理商或其任何供應商收到了用於償付已轉讓給進口保理商的任何賬款的現金、支票、匯票、本票或其它支付工具，出口保理商須立即將收款情況通知進口保理商。所收到的款項應由出口保理商或該供應商以信託方式為進口保理商代管，或依據進口保理商的要求立即背書並交付給他。

註：。此條規定了出口方收到間接還款的處理原則——由於應收賬款權屬已經歸屬進口保理商，故收到間接還款不能徑行沖賬，而要持款聽候進口保理商指令。出口商收到間接付款，通知義務人仍為出口保理商。

2．如銷售合同中包含禁止轉讓條款，進口保理商作為出口保理商和/或供應商的代理人，仍享有第十二條第2款所規定的同樣權利。

註：違反禁債轉約定的轉讓，不影響進口保理商對所轉讓賬款及所涉貨物等的權利。

3．如進口保理商：

　a）出於下述原因，無法在債務人所在國的法庭、仲裁庭、其他裁判機構或其他司法管轄機構（統稱為「裁判庭」）獲得對於所受讓賬款的判決：

　　（1）供應商與債務人的銷售合同中對於該筆賬款的管轄權或糾紛解決機制有明確、有力的約定；或

　　（2）債務人所在國的任一裁判庭否認其具有訴訟管轄權；且

　b）在代表該賬款的發票到期日後365日內通知出口保理商此項不能裁決事宜。

則進口保理商可以立刻反轉讓該賬款並向出口保理商索回依據第二十四條第2款所付的任何款項。

4．若在依據本條第3款反轉讓之日後的3年內，出口保理商或供應商在任一裁判庭獲得對於該債務人的該筆反轉讓賬款可在債務人所在國強制執行的判決或裁定，那麼，若該筆賬款曾被核准，進口保理商應：

　a）接受該裁決下對債務人全部的權利的轉讓，並再次將其該筆賬款視為已核准；且

　b）在裁決結果規定的債務人付款日後的14日內進行擔保付款（依據第二十四條對擔保付款，縮寫為PUA，的定義），前提是本條第4款a）項所要求的轉讓已由出口保理商在該期限內有效完成。

所有與取得本條下的裁決有關的費用均由出口保理商承擔。

Article 21 Collection

(i) The responsibility for collection of all receivables assigned to the Import Factor rests with him and he shall use his best endeavours promptly to collect all such receivables whether approved or unapproved.

(ii) Except as provided in Article 27 when the total amount of receivables owing by a debtor at any one time is approved in part:

(a) the Import Factor shall be entitled to take legal proceedings for the recovery of all such receivables without obtaining the prior consent of the Export Factor but the Import Factor shall inform the Export Factor of such action;

(b) if the Export Factor notifies the Import Factor of his disagreement with such legal proceedings, which are then accordingly terminated, the Import Factor shall be entitled to reassign all receivables then owing by the debtor and to be reimbursed by the Export Factor with the amount of all costs and expenses incurred by the Import Factor in such proceedings and the provisions of paragraphs (ii) and (iii) of Article 15 will apply to that reassignment; and

(c) except as provided in paragraph (ii) b) of this Article the costs and expenses of such legal proceedings shall be borne by the Import Factor and the Export Factor in proportion to the respective amounts of the approved and unapproved parts of the outstanding receivables.

第二十一條　收款

1．進口保理商對轉讓給他的所有賬款負有收款責任。無論賬款是否獲得核准，他都應盡其所能及時收款。

註：過去的很多翻譯將 collection 譯為「催收」，這是錯誤的理解。此 collection 在通常情況下僅是依據債權轉讓對買方收取賬款，並對出口保理商承擔「收款」責任（區別在於承保的賬款有必須收到的責任，買方信用風險導致收不到就要賠償；非承保賬款只要負責去收而不保證要收到）。唯有在核准的賬款出現壞賬導致出口保理商自身受損時，或出口方請求並支付費用時，才觸發「催收」。

2．除第二十七條規定以外，當某一債務人所欠賬款總額中僅有部分獲得收核准：

　a）進口保理商為收取此類賬款，有權不經出口保理商事先許可即提起訴訟，但進口保理商應將此舉動通知出口保理商。

　b）若出口保理商告知進口保理商其不同意起訴並導致訴訟終止，則進口保理商有權反轉讓債務人的全部欠款，並向出口保理商索回起訴過程中產生的全部費用和支出，第十五條第2款、第3款規定適用於本款所述的反轉讓；且

　c）除本條第2款b）項規定的情形外，起訴的費用和支出將由進口保理商和出口保理商根據賬款餘額中已核准與未核准金額的比例分擔。

註：排除第27條即發生商業糾紛情形。進口保理商對未獲全額清償的承保賬款，在通知出口保理商後可獨立訴訟。若出口保理商告知不同意訴訟，進口保理商有權解除全部保證責任。