基礎篇——第十二章 副詞性從句——狀語從句

本章概述

狀語從句是三大從句中結構最簡單的一個，它由一個有意義的、表達一定邏輯關係的從屬連詞+完整的簡單句構成。

學習狀語從句的重點是認識各個連接詞，達到會認、會用的程度，不必糾結它屬於八大類或者九大類狀語從句的哪一種，所以其更接近辭彙範疇而非語法範疇。但達到會認、會用各連接詞也絕非一件容易之事，狀語從句的連詞多且雜，需要長時間的積累和消化。

常見的狀語從句分類、連詞及示例

一、時間狀語從句

常用引導詞：when，as，while，as soon as，before，after，since，not....until

特殊引導詞：the minute，the moment，the second，every time，the day，the instant

I didnt realize how special my

mother was until I became an adult.

直到我成為了一個成年人我才意識到我的母親是多麼的特殊。

While John was watching TV, his

wife was cooking.

當約翰看電視時，他的妻子正在做飯。

Every time I listen to your

advice, I get into trouble.

每當我聽取你的建議時，我就會惹上麻煩。

二、地點狀語從句

常用引導詞：where

特殊引導詞：wherever，anywhere，everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily

polluted where there are factories.

一般來說，有工廠的地方空氣污染就嚴重。

Wherever you go, you should work

hard.

無論你去哪裡，你都應該努力工作。

三、原因狀語從句

常用引導詞：because，since，as，

特殊引導詞：seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that.

My friends dislike me because Im

handsome and successful.

我的朋友都不喜歡我，因為我又英俊又成功。

Now that everybody has come, lets

begin our conference.

既然每個人都到了，讓我們開始我們的會議吧。

The higher income tax is harmful

in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

更高的收入稅是有害的，因為它或許會阻礙人們努力賺錢。

四、目的狀語從句

常用引導詞：so that，in order that

特殊引導詞：lest，in case，for fear that，in the hope that，for the purpose that

The boss asked the secretary to

hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.

老闆要求秘書快寫函件以便他能在上面簽字。

The teacher raised his voice on

purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

為了讓後面的學生聽得更清楚，老師有意地提高了他的聲音。注意，由for引導的是一個並列句，不是原因狀語從句，但有表原因的意思，是並列連詞

五、結果狀語從句

常用引導詞：so…that，such…that…

特殊引導詞：such that，to the degree that，to the extent that，to such a degree that…

He got up so early that he

caught the first bus.

他很早起床以便趕上第一班公共汽車

Its such a good chance that we

must not miss it.

這是一個好機會，千萬不能錯過它

To such a degree was he excited

that he couldnt sleep last night.

他激動到這個程度，以至於他昨晚睡不著

六、條件狀語從句

常用引導詞：if，unless，whether(whether...or

not)

特殊引導詞：as/so long as，only if，providing/provided

that，supposing that，in case…

Well start our project if the

president agrees.

如果總統同意，我們將開始我們的項目

You will certainly succeed so

long as you keep on trying.

只要你繼續努力，你一定會成功的。

Provided that there is no

opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

如果沒有人反對，我們就在這裡開會。

七、讓步狀語從句

常用引導詞：though，although，even if，even though

特殊引導詞：in spite of the fact that，whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however

Much as I respect him, I cant

agree to his proposal.

儘管我很尊敬他，但是我卻不同意他的建議。

The old man always enjoys

swimming even though the weather is rough.

老人都很喜歡游泳，即使天氣很惡劣。

He wont listen whatever you may

say.

他不會聽你說什麼。

八、比較狀語從句

常用引導詞：as，than

特殊引導詞：the more … the more …，just as …

She is as bad-tempered as her

mother.

她和她媽媽一樣脾氣很壞。

The more you exercise, the

healthier you will be.

你運動的越多，你就越健康。

Food is to men what oil is to

machine.

食物之於人，猶如油之於機器。。

九、方式狀語從句

常用引導詞：as，as if…

特殊引導詞：the way…

When in Rome, do as the Romans

do.

入國問禁，入鄉隨俗。

She behaved as if she were the

boss.

她表現得好像她是老闆。

Sometimes we teach our children

the way our parents have taught us.

有時，我們用父母教導我們的方式教導我們的孩子。

補充：

1.如何區分從屬連詞與並連詞？

採用排除法，記住數量不多的並列連詞和連接副詞，剩下的全是從屬連詞。

2.為什麼不提倡背誦從屬連詞屬於哪一類?

首先，說話人或者作者在表達的時候首先想到的是從屬連詞的詞義，而不是分類。

其次，有些連詞很難界定屬於哪一類，例如in case。

Listen out in case he calls.

注意聽著萬一他打電話來。

In case you get home before I

do, could you start preparing dinner？

如果你在我之前到家，你能不能動手做飯？

Good morning, and in case I dont

see you, good afternoon, good evening, and good night.

早安，並且以防不測見不到您，也祝您下午好，晚上好。

有的語法書上說in case有三種用法：表目的，如例1；表條件，如例2；表假設，如例3；其實本質上in case只有一種用法，即 「發生某種情況」，具體含義由句子情境決定。

狀語從句欣賞

A man is not old as long as he

is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.

只要一個人還有所追求，他就沒有老。直到後悔取代了夢想，一個人才算老。

Men are born with two eyes but

with one tongue, in order that they should see twice as much as they say.

為了使人們看兩次才說一次，人生下來有兩隻眼睛，卻只有一個舌頭。

Nothing is particularly hard if

you divide it into small jobs.

如果你把事情化整為零，沒有什麼事是特別困難的。

Its okay to want things，as long as you arent

pissed off if you dont get them.

慾望本身不是壞事，只要你不要太在意得失就好。

Where there is love, there is

pain.

有愛的地方就有傷害。

備註：

書籍購買地址：

https://weidian.com/i/2014136926?wfr=c&ifr=itemdetail

有些讀者反應知乎的專欄看起來不是很方便，且本人也認為知乎在通訊這塊體驗較差，所以

做了一個簡單的個人微信公眾號，尤其目前公眾號微信號對個人賬號限制較多，所以做得很簡陋。此公眾號的目的是方便大家閱讀和購買《英語語法高手之路》，以及與讀者朋友們更有效的交流，我把所有的文章鏈接都粘在一篇文章里了。

有需要的朋友可有添加以下,賬號是：chen_grammar

目前正在籌備《英語語法高手之路》的出版和第二部書的素材，第二本完成後也會傳至公眾號。感謝大家的支持。

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