懷孕了可以去日本嗎？日本的核輻射會使寶寶有畸形的風險嗎？
諾貝爾和平獎提名者、哈佛醫學院前教授Helen Caldicott出了本書，國際論壇也開過了，日本的東西最好不要吃。孕婦去了要小心，最好也是不要去。下面是我查到的資料，大家可以參考，更希望有專業人士能在進行了仔細地閱讀和研究之後提出合理的建議。任何程度的核輻射都不安全，而且只會在身體里積累下去。核輻射對於小孩會造成比成人高出10至20倍的影響。確實不會說是去了一次就會怎麼樣，但是現在世界上環境問題還不夠多麼，這樣累計下去不也是增添了孩子未來健康的風險，雖然程度很低，但是仍應當考慮到。而且癌症和核輻射影響下多發於兒童和年輕人的甲狀腺問題並不是說你又百分之五十之高的患病幾率才會得的病。而影響最大的是飲用水、農作物、家禽、海魚，這些都是一環扣一環的積累，含有會一直留在身體里積累的放射性物質，越是生態鏈往上走受到的影響越大，海魚還能吃么。
果殼一篇我覺得比較可觀的文章：福島核污染如何在海洋中傳播？
不過考慮到諸多政治因素，我不知道這樣的事情是否是只會在深遠影響開始出現的時候才會說清楚。也許我是錯的，但是這些具有學術聲譽的教授做出的研究，我覺得最好還是參考比較好。下面放一段世界衛生組織對具有放射性食物的定義，想一想最可怕的大概是食物：
THE MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS OF FUKUSHIMA
by Helen Caldicott, M.D.
Introduction to Helen Caldicott
...
How does radiation cause disease and what sort of radioactive material is contained in a nuclear power plant?
Fact number one
According to every version of the BIER study by the National Academy of Sciences, up to and including the most recent in 2007 – The Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation No. V11 (BIER VII), no dose of radiation is safe. Each dose received by the body is cumulative and adds to the risk of developing malignancy or genetic disease.
BIER是美國國家科學院電離輻射生物效應報告，值得參考。
Fact number two
Children are 10 to 20 times more vulnerable to the carcinogenic effects of radiation than adults. Little girls are twice as sensitive as little boys and women are more sensitive than men. Fetuses are thousands of times more sensitive. One X ray to the pregnant abdomen doubles the incidence of leukemia in that child. Immuno-compromised patients are also extremely sensitive. Very high doses of radiation received from a nuclear meltdown or from a nuclear weapon explosion can cause acute radiation sickness, where the actively dividing cells of the body are killed, causing the hair to fall out, severe nausea and diarrhea and bleeding. There are many reports of such illnesses amongst people, particularly children within the first few months after the Fukushima meltdowns and explosions. When I came to Japan for a speaking tour late last year, I heard evidence from the people who attended my lectures that either they or their children were suffering from possible radiation-induced sickness.
...
So, let』s describe just four of the radioactive elements that are continually being released into the air and water at Fukushima. Remember, though, there are over 100 such elements each with its own characteristics and pathways in the food chain and the human body. All are invisible, tasteless and odorless. And when the cancer develops it is impossible to determine what caused it, but there is a large literature proving that radiation causes cancer including the data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
1. Cesium 137 is a beta and gamma emitter with a half-life of 30 years. That means in 30 years only half of its radioactive energy has decayed, another 30 years to decay again to half, so it is detectable as a radioactive hazard for over 300 years. For the first 300 years (the standard 10 times the half-life calculation) the levels remain of regulatory concern, but for 300 more years the radiation is still detectable. As there is no safe dose, these levels are still significant and still a hazard. When it lands on the soil cesium, like all radioactive elements bio-concentrates in grass, fruit and vegetables to many times background levels. It then bio-concentrates tens to hundreds of times more, in meat and milk, as animals eat the fruit and vegetation. It also concentrates up the food chain in seafood from algae to crustaceans to small fish to concentrate most avidly in big fish. It concentrates the highest in the human body, the top of the food chain. Because cesium resembles potassium that is in every cell in our body, it tends to concentrate most highly in brain, muscle, ovary and testicles. There it can cause brain cancer, muscle cancers (rhabdomyosarcomas), ovarian or testicular cancer and, most importantly, mutate genes in the eggs and sperm to cause genetic diseases in future generations.
2. Strontium 90, is a high-energy beta emitter, half-life 28 years, detectably radioactive for 300 years. As a calcium analogue, it is known as a bone-seeker. It concentrates in the food chain, specifically milk (including breast milk), and is laid down in bones and teeth in the human body, where it can irradiate a bone forming cell, or osteoblast, causing bone cancer; or mutate a white blood cell in the bone marrow which can initiate leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells.
3. Radioactive iodine 131 is a beta and gamma emitter with a half-life of eight days, so it is a hazard for 20 weeks. It bio-concentrates in the food chain, in vegetables and milk, and specifically concentrates in the human thyroid gland where it is a potent carcinogen inducing thyroid disease and thyroid cancer. It is important to note that of 174,376 children under the age of 18 to have been examined by thyroid ultrasound in the Fukushima Prefecture, 12 have been definitively diagnosed with thyroid cancer and 15 more a suspected to have the disease. 43.2 percent of the 174,376 have been found to have thyroid abnormalities – cysts and nodule, some of which will almost certainly be precursors of cancer. Almost 200,000 more children are yet to be examined. Fukushima Voice version 2e: Eleventh Prefectural Oversight Committee Meeting: Thyroid Ultrasound Examination Results
Thyroid cancer is extremely rare in children, so this is an extraordinary situation. In Chernobyl thyroid cancers were not diagnosed until four years after the accident, so this early presentation indicates that these Japanese children almost certainly received a high dose of radioactive iodine to their thyroid gland but also points to the fact that high doses of other radioactive elements were received by the exposed population in Fukushima prefecture and elsewhere so the rate of cancer in Japan is almost certain to rise.
4. Plutonium, one of the most deadly, is an alpha emitter. So toxic that one millionth of a gram will induce cancer if inhaled into the lung. It imitates iron in the human body so it can cause liver cancer, bone cancer, leukemia or multiple myeloma. It concentrates in the testicles and ovaries where it can induce testicular or ovarian cancer, and it can mutate genes in the egg and sperm to induce genetic diseases in future generations. It also crosses the placenta where it can kill a cell that would form the left side of the brain, or the right arm- like thalidomide, the morning sickness drug, did years ago. There are medical homes full of grossly deformed children near Chernobyl never before seen in the history of medicine.
The half-life of plutonium is 24,400 years, so it can cause medical diseases for at least the next 250,000 years, inducing cancers, congenital deformities and genetic diseases for virtually the rest of time. All plants and animals develop cancer and genetic abnormalities.
Plutonium is also fuel for atomic bombs. Five to 10 pounds will fuel a weapon that would vaporize a city. Each reactor makes 500 pounds of plutonium a year. It is postulated that one pound of plutonium, if adequately distributed, could kill every person on earth from cancer.
Fact number seven
In summary, the radioactive contamination and fallout from nuclear power plant accidents will have medical ramifications that will never cease because the food will continue to concentrate the radioactive elements for hundreds to thousands of years inducing epidemics of cancer, leukemia, congenital abnormalities and genetic disease, because damaged genes will be passed over many generations
Already we are seeing such pathology and abnormalities in birds and insects, and because they reproduce very fast it is possible to observe disease caused by radiation over many generations within a relatively short space of time
Pioneering research conducted by Dr. Tim Mousseau, an evolutionary biologist, in the exclusion zones of both Chernobyl and Fukushima has documented very high rates of tumors in birds, genetic mutations in birds and insects, many of the male barn swallows are sterile and many birds have smaller than normal brains. What happens to animals will happen to human beings.
[Further information about the pioneering research conducted by Dr. Tim Mousseau is available here:Chernobyl factored in the fall of a corrupt regime
Fact number eight
The Japanese government is desperately trying to 「clean up」 radioactively contaminated soil, trees, leaves etc. But in reality all that can be done is collect it, place it in containers – the government- contracted workers are using plastic bags, and transfer it to another location. It cannot be made neutral and it cannot be prevented from spreading in the future. Some contractors have allowed their workers to empty radioactive debris, soil and leaves into streams and other illegal places. Then the main question becomes – where to place the contaminated material stored safely away from the environment for thousands of years. There is no safe place in Japan for this to happen, let alone to store the thousands of tons of high-level radioactive waste that is stored precariously at the 54 Japanese nuclear reactors.
Last but not least Australian uranium fuelled the Fukushima reactors.
Last thoughts:
This is a pivotal time in human history. We watch radiation slowly blanket Japan, a country with four reactors in trouble, in the midst of the worst industrial accident in history, facing an uncertain future of terrible health effects, and catastrophic environmental damage. We watch, helpless, as Fukushima fallout traverses the Northern Hemisphere, turning up in milk, food and water; on tourists in airports; and products in shipping bays around the world. We are seeing, and understanding, that all fallout becomes local.
全部文章點這裡：THE MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS OF FUKUSHIMA
學術論壇視頻：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYv3w63us5klist=PL_AtK2ExI6YXqNA4b6L0EwqPsYiNAIU5xindex=1 這是這位研究者舉辦的關於福島核問題的國際論壇，其專業性參照這裡Symposium: The Medical and Ecological Consequences of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident
The Helen Caldicott Foundation
不建議孕婦去日本東部，即使是東京都地區也不要停留太長。當然，那樣去的地方就少了，也沒啥意思了。雖然日本核泄漏事故的後果對於一般遠離事故污染區的旅行者已沒有太多影響，但是孕婦還是要慎重的。輻射帶來的風險目前主要是攝入放射性核素帶來的內照射風險，而關東受影響的地區是日本供應東京都的傳統農業產地，海洋也是污染重災區，而日本食品基本離不開海產。低劑量放射性的致畸效應是按隨機來算還是按有確定門檻來算也沒有明確結論，另外主要污染物放射性銫對嬰幼兒的危害比成人大，還是謹慎一些以防萬一。
像切爾諾貝利一樣，政府是不會大肆宣揚核輻射的危害的，但是再看看現在白俄羅斯兒童的死亡率就知道了。日本政府還對中國人三年簽證..............
想不明白為啥孕婦怕Wi-Fi不怕核輻射
最最核心的原因大家沒講啊！
1:胎兒是由一個受精卵發育而來；2:核輻射最致命的就是可以打斷DNA鏈；3:成人能夠承受一定的粒子照射是因為成人的細胞很多，打死了一堆還有千千萬萬。
而1和3是矛盾的，結合2，要命的事情發生了：早期胎兒由於細胞未完全分化功能不完全又數量較少，在受到少量粒子照射後，一個錯誤DNA要麼死亡要麼連鎖產生全身絕大部分的錯誤細胞。比如這個細胞將分化出左手，由於遺傳信息受損，左手畸形是必然的！一旦涉入放射性核素，極有可能對胎兒造成傷害（早起胎兒）。
就算不攝入此類物質，國際航班期間受到的宇宙射線也不可避免。（此照射量構成空間的職業照射病，一般國際航班的空姐定期與國內航班交換。不開玩笑。）如果一定要去，請務必保證在妊娠兩個月以上。
參考文獻：電離輻射劑量與防護概論 南華大學核科學技術學院著 2011/08女士你可以託運食物到日本，不吃日本的東西，就很安全了
補充一下吧，輻射對人的影響主要取決於它的強度以及頻率。輻射的頻率是固定的，暫且不去討論。當輻射源固定時，輻射的強度一般而言會隨著距離的增加而減小。
核泄露時除了當時的輻射，另外很致命的事放射性粉塵（物質）的泄露與擴散。因為這些粉塵散得越遠，它們就會在更廣的地方發出輻射。這些輻射會導致生物的染色體發生變異，並且這種變異會一直遺傳下去。但是，如果母體沒有被輻射，那母體就不會有變異，那麼對胎兒也沒有影響。簡而言之，如果當地沒有發射性物質，那麼就不必擔心核輻射。這就好像燈被熄滅了，你還用擔心有光嗎？再者，相信離放射源太近的地方，你也近不了。
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你坐一趟飛機所受到的宇宙輻射單位時間累積劑量，遠比你日常生活要多。推薦閱讀：
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