《國際保理通則》（GRIF 2013）譯註（十一）：未承保的收款規則，資金撥付

01-28

Aticle 22 Unapproved receivables

(i) When all receivables owing by a debtor at any one time are wholly unapproved:

(a) the Import Factor shall obtain the consent of the Export Factor before incurring legal and other costs and expenses (other than the Import Factor』s own and administrative costs and expenses) relating to their collection;

(b) such legal and other costs and expenses shall be the responsibility of the Export Factor and the Import Factor shall not be responsible for any loss and/or costs which are attributable to any delay in the giving of such consent by the Export Factor;

(c) If the Export Factor does not answer the Import Factor』s request for consent within 30 days, the Import Factor is entitled to reassign the receivables then or any time thereafter;

(d) The Import Factor shall be entitled on demand to a deposit from the Export Factor to cover fully or partly the amount of the estimated costs to be incurred in the collection of such receivables.

第二十二條　未核准賬款

1．當某一債務人所欠賬款在某一時點全部未獲核準時：

　a）進口保理商在收款行動中產生法律及其他費用和支出前，應徵得出口保理商同意（進口保理商自身的和管理性的費用和支出除外）；

　b）此類法律及其他費用和支出由出口保理商承擔，進口保理商對由於出口保理商遲延表示同意所造成的損失及/或費用不承擔責任；

　c）若口保理商未於30日內答覆進口保理商徵求同意的請求，則進口保理商均有權於此時或此後任意時刻反轉讓賬款；

　d）進口保理商有權要求出口保理商預付保證金，以抵補其收款時預計可能產生的全部或部分費用。

註：這一條款是關於進口保理商在處理收款事務時權利和義務規定。直白一點講，就是說在我進口保理商沒有承擔付款保證責任的情況下

1、我提供收款服務要控制成本，不能擅自動用法律或其他產生額外費用的手段來輔助收款——因為我沒有保證付款義務，所以沒收到款就通知出口保理商收不到就好，除非出口保理商另行委託我啟用其他手段並承擔費用；

2、如果我告訴出口保理商說「你的賬款危險了啊，如果不訴諸其他強力手段可能會發生損失」，但出口保理商置之不理的話，那麼因為我沒有承保，所以也不對損失承擔任何責任；

3、告訴您狼來了，30天了您還沒有動靜，我可以隨時退出服務協議關係，免得老子白操心受累還收不到錢（因為進口保理商的服務費可能是約定於收到款時直接扣除的，保證費通常是預繳的不存在這個問題）；

4、如果我先前的服務費還沒收齊，甚至提供了預付款什麼的，那麼麻煩出口保理商您打保證金過來防止我產生損失。

先前已經多次講過，保理業務的 collection 是「收款」而非「催收」。國內對 GRIF 有多個版本的翻譯都錯譯為「催收」，如果保理商承擔的是催收責任，則此條款中對於進口保理商代人催賬而產生費用的約束限制以及單方面的解約權利等就難以理解了。

另：目前看到過的英文版本，此條的編號只有 1.款，未見過有 2.款等後續文字，不知是我見過的文本均非全本，還是 FCI 修訂時編號錯誤？望了解情況的朋友不吝教我。

SECTION V Transfer of funds

第五節　資金的劃撥

Article 23 Transfer of payments

(i) When any payment is made by the debtor to the Import Factor in respect of any receivable assigned to him he shall pay in the currency of the invoice the equivalent of the net amount received in his bank to the Export Factor immediately after the value date or the date of the Import Factor』s receipt of the bank』s notification of the amount received whichever is later except to the extent of any previous PUA.

(ii) All payments, irrespective of the amount, shall be transferred daily via SWIFT or a similar system.

(iii) Not later than the day of the transfer the Import Factor shall provide a report showing the allocation of the amount transferred.

(iv) The Export Factor shall repay to the Import Factor on his demand:

(a) any payment made by him to the Export Factor if the debtor』s payment to the Import Factor was made by a payment instrument subsequently dishonoured (cheque or equivalent) provided that:

(1) the Import Factor notified the Export Factor of this possibility with the payment advice (payment under reserve); and

(2) the Import Factors demand has been made within 10 banking days in the Import Factors country from the date of his transfer of the funds to the Export Factor; or

(3) such dishonour was the result of a stopped payment order issued by the debtor owing to a dispute raised later than the issuance of the payment instrument, in which case the procedures and time limits are as provided in Article 27 and for that purpose the payment by the Import Factor to the Export Factor shall be treated as if it were a PUA (as defined in Article 24 (ii) hereof).

(4) repayments demanded by the Import Factor will not affect his other obligations;

(b) without any time limit, any payment made by the Import Factor to the Export Factor in respect of any unapproved receivable or unapproved part of a receivable to the extent that payment by the debtor or any guarantor of the receivable is subsequently recalled under the law of the country of the payer and such recall is either paid or settled by the Import Factor provided that any such settlement is effected in good faith.

(N.B.: Paragraph (iv) (a) adjusted and Paragraph (iv) (b) added October 2002. Paragraph (iv) (a) adjusted again October 2007. Paragraphs (i) and (iv) (a) (3) adjusted again June 2013.)

第二十三條　付款的劃撥

1．當債務人就已轉讓給進口保理商的賬款向進口保理商付款時，進口保理商應於交割日或其收到銀行到賬通知之日（以遲者為限）後，立即按照發票幣種向出口保理商支付其銀行收款凈額的等值金額，先前已作擔保付款的除外。

2．所有付款不論金額大小，必須每日通過 SWIFT 或類似系統劃撥。

3．進口保理商應不遲於劃撥之日提供所劃撥款項的分配說明。

4．應進口保理商的要求，出口保理商應向其退還：

　a）任何進口保理商對出口保理商的付款，當債務人對進口保理商的支付工具（支票或類似票據）被拒付時：

　　（1）進口保理商已於付款通知（保留追索權的付款）中告知出口保理商拒付的可能性；且

　　（2）進口保理商在其向出口保理商劃撥款項之日起10個本國銀行工作日內提出要求；或

　　（3）在支付工具簽發後產生商業糾紛，債務人簽發止付通知而導致拒付。此種情況的處理程序和期限規定於第二十七條，而進口保理商對出口保理商的付款將被視為擔保付款（據第二十四條第 2 款定義）。

　　（4）退款不影響進口保理商的其他責任。

　b）任何進口保理商針對未核准賬款或賬款中未核准部分對出口保理商的付款，若依據付款人所在國法律，債務人或賬款擔保人的付款後續被要求追回，且該追回已由進口保理商出於善意進行了墊付或解決。此種退還沒有時間限制。