如何通過一個月的訓練，超過擁有兩年經驗的寫作高手

在寫作中，你有沒有思考過自己每一句話，可不可以有另外一種表達的方式呢？

這樣的訓練方式，被稱為：刻意訓練。

你別小看它的威力，刻意訓練某種技能，幾乎能讓你學會世界上所有的事。

這句話不是我說的，而是來自於《刻意訓練》一書的作者：

[美] 安德斯·艾利克森（Anders Ericsson）和羅伯特·普爾（Robert Pool）

如果你已經和我一樣讀過一遍，那我建議你今天重頭再讀一遍。n

有些書具有一種魔法，當你遇到某些特殊經歷或感觸後，重讀一遍你會茅塞頓開。

《刻意訓練》就是這樣一本書。

幾年前，當我在訓練寫作邏輯時，並沒有這本書，但我只知道要反覆琢磨，仔細對比，才漸漸的開始略有起色。

今年我讀完這本書後，作者的總結才讓我明白，原來這樣的做法就是刻意訓練。

所以，如果在2017年你有自己的書單，那我建議你加上這一本，讀完你一定不會後悔。

至於它是不是暢銷書，come on, who cares...

回到今天的主題哈，這本書當然不是本文的主題啦。

今天我想給大家分享的是，如何提高英語句子的表達能力。

最近反覆閱讀了大約10多位同學的作文，我發現很多同學似乎在表達能力上有些欠缺。

實際上它並不是什麼很難解決的問題，你需要做的僅僅是每天花20分鐘，

刻意的去訓練下，大約1-2個星期，就會有些提高了，提高多少根據個人基礎而定。

你也許想問我，應該如何訓練呢，別急，別急...

再實踐之前，總得有些理論吧，否則你怎麼知道訓練標準呢。

提高表達能力的十個原理

第一. 把複雜從句改為片語表達n

在訓練表達能力時，你用不著非得用老長老長的從句來實現。這麼做違背了訓練表達的初衷。表達能力要求是言簡意賅，複雜句總是給考官看的。

• Citizens who knew what was going on voted him out of office.
• Knowledgeable citizens voted him out of office.

類似這樣的縮減，用另外一種更精準、更簡便的表達方式，來實現我們訓練的目的。

第二. 能用單詞表達，就別用片語表達。

如果上一條是初級版本，那麼這一條就是進階版本。意思能理解，執行才有效果。

第三. 再把there is/ there are/等放在句首，就自打三十大板。

我們好歹是受過高等教育的同學了，這樣的表達還是能省就省。至於怎麼改？別急，看下去就行。

第四. 不要過度修辭

修辭手法你一定不陌生，也許你在英語中並不常用修辭。如果是這樣，那請保持。如果你特別愛修辭，尤其是用在形容詞部分，那麼在學術類文章一定要改正。

• By the time she got home, Merdine was very tired.
• By the time she got home, Merdine was exhausted.

第五. 避免多餘的表達

什麼是多餘的表達？就是那些加和不加在句子，對整句話都沒什麼影響的單詞或片語，另外有了它們會顯得整句話特別枯燥乏味，這些就是要被cut的部分。

• At this point in time, we should edit our work.
• Now we should edit our work.

第六. 用主動時態動詞

主動時態在英語表達中，會顯得更加有力，更加直接。相反被動語態則有些委婉，有些無力。看起來似乎有些沒自信的感覺。總之，少用為上。

第七. 不要賣弄寫作技巧

有位作家曾經說過，「簡單是最終極的複雜。」這句話涵蓋了太多深奧的意義，至今我也沒有琢磨透徹。但你在寫作中就要刻意避免用太複雜的片語或從句。

• At this moment in time, students who are matriculating through high school should be empowered to participate in the voting process.
• High school students should have the right to vote.

兩句話之間的差異，你感受感受。

第八. 去掉那些毫無疑義的片語

句子里的片語，如果沒有什麼意義，直接拿到，沒必要留著沒價值的文字表達。

• All things being equal, what I am trying to say is that in my opinion, all students should, in the final analysis, have the right to vote for all intents and purposes.
• Students should have the right to vote.

有沒有發現自己的影子，許多同學在寫作時或多或少會贅述許多。這是寫作習慣問題，刻意訓練就會改善。

第九. 不要過度名詞化

有些複雜句中，的確存在主語從句，但也需要看情況。寫作中非必要情況，都不會這麼寫。一來讀起來累，二來很容易寫錯。而過度名詞化就有些更過份了...

• The presentation of the arguments by the students was convincing.
• The students argued convincingly. ／ The students presented their arguments convincingly.

第十. 拒絕含糊的名詞

例如：area, aspect, case, factor, manner, situation, something, thing, way。用更精準的表達來替代它們。

• After reading several things in the area of psychology-type subjects, I decided to put myself in a situation where I might change my major.
• After reading several psychology books, I decided to change my major.

自我測試時間

看完上面的十個原則，你有沒有也想練練手呢。

我為大家準備了十道訓練題，花20分鐘，把它們拷貝到電腦里，動手改改看。

如果你需要答案對比，在微信號里發送「文字表達」四個字，即可獲取參考答案。

• In the cellar there are four wooden-type crates with nothing in them that might perhaps be used by us for storing paint cans inside of.
• This morning at 6:30 a.m., I woke up out of sleep to hear my alarm go off, but the alarm was turned off by me, and I returned back to a sleeping state.
• The reason that Merdine was not able to be in attendance at the hockey game was because she had jury duty.
• Omar and I, we returned back to the hometown where we both grew up to attend a reunion of the people that we went to high school with ten years ago in the past.
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• In view of the fact that it was raining down, orders were given that the game be canceled.
• At that point in time when Marie was a teenager the basic fundamentals of how to dance were first learned by her.
• Some sort of identification that would show how old we were was requested of us by the man that collects tickets from people at the movie theater.
• There is a possibility that one of the causes of so many teenagers running away from home is the fact that many of them have indifferent parents who dont really care about them.