[長文渣翻]為何卡斯特羅值得被銘記？

原文作者是Quora的 Top Write之一, 人民之道(http://ViaPopuli.com)網站的博主 Ozgur Zeren

鏈接：What should Fidel Castro be remembered for?

Turning Cuba from a casino and whorehouse for US rich (especially Mafia) to a modern society in which ordinary citizens have social services and guarantees no less than the ones in Scandinavian countries despite total economic blockade causing lack of resources and consumer items

因為他將古巴從美國富人(特別是黑手黨)的賭場和窯子，變成了一個普通公民也能享受公共服務的現代社會。儘管全面的經濟封鎖導致了資源和消費品的匱乏，但是古巴人所享受的社會保障並不亞於北歐國家。

No exaggeration or metaphor in the above sentence. Circa 1950s, Cuba was a whorehouse and casino for US rich. Ordinary people still lived in a colonial society, in poverty and no recourse to change the situation under a dictator backed by US.

上面這句話並不是一種比喻。在巴斯蒂塔那個時期，古巴就是美國富人的酒池肉林，美國國內的黑手黨在哈瓦那經營酒店、賭場、妓院、高利貸、而所謂的美國精英們則是染指古巴的各種礦業、農業的特許權。普通民眾依舊生活在殖民社會，忍受著貧困，而且對美國支持的獨裁者束手無策。

Fast forward to today, and Cubans enjoy many benefits which tens of millions even in US has no access to, from totally free education and higher education to total free healthcare coverage, full employment and guaranteed housing.

時間到了今天，古巴人享受著很多連美國人都無法享受的福利，從免費的教育和高等教育，到免費的全民醫保(罵人不揭短啊——譯者注)，充分就業和保障性住房。

Each of these items are a topic in themselves, and the grand contrast in between Cuba and US in regard to these items is worth another talk in itself.

這中間的每一項都很有話題性，而且美古雙方在每一項之間的強烈對比，都值得單獨論述。

So far the only reason why Cuba is not precisely on par with Scandinavian countries - especially on consumer items - is the total economic blockade (ie warfare) US effects on Cuba by using every means possible from direct blockade to forcing its 『allies』 to do so as well. Leave aside US ships patrolling off of Cuba to enforce that blockade, US govt. spends a few million dollars every year just to make sure that there are no ships having any kind of produce from Cuba passing through harbors in other countries with destination being in US.

時至今日，導致古巴比不上北歐國家(特別是在消費品領域)的唯一原因，就是全面的經濟封鎖——從直接的封鎖到強迫她的盟(shu)國去封鎖，美國窮盡一切可能的手段影響著古巴。通過將美國船隻部署古巴周圍，美國政府每年要話費幾百萬美元，只為了確保沒有任何搭載著產品的古巴船隻經過他國港口來到美國。

Despite that Castro』s and Castro』s Cuba』s successes are plenty, ranging from their social successes to even freedom movements in other countries, and even ending apartheid.

儘管如此，卡斯特羅及其所領導的古巴依舊成績斐然，從他們自身的成功，到支持其他國家的解放運動，再到終結種族隔離。

Surviving ~60 years of warfare and terrorism

在戰爭和恐怖攻擊中倖存了60多年

———————————————————————————

Make no mistake, Cuba is still in war. For 60~ years the severity of the war ranged from actual invasions to CIA bombings with unmarked planes, to assassination attempts to economic warfare - which was constant.

毫無疑問，古巴依舊籠罩在戰爭陰雲之下。60多年來，她一直承受各種形式的戰爭，按照其嚴峻性排序，從直接的入侵到CIA用無名飛機實施的轟炸，再到暗殺嘗試，最後到經濟戰爭。

Castro himself survived despite ~600 CIA arranged assassination attempts, but also Cuba went through a total terror campaign in the hands of CIA:

光是卡斯特羅自身，就逃脫了600多次CIA的暗殺，毋寧說古巴這麼多年，是怎麼從美國實施的大量恐怖活動中熬過來的：

Noam Chomsky: A Brief History of Americas Cold-Blooded, Terroristic Treatment of Cuba

The famous, iconic picture of Che Guevara which everyone knows was taken when he was being informed of a ship exploding in a massive explosion Havana harbor, killing hundreds of people. It was a CIA operation aided by French intelligence. One of the first terrorist attacks against Cuba by CIA. After that they went on with many incidents of bombing with unmarked planes, assassinations and whatever you can imagine.

切·格瓦拉那張著名的標誌性照片，拍攝於紀念哈瓦那爆炸的遊行活動中，他當回被告知，前一天的爆炸導致了幾百人喪生(藝術創作後的照片顯得很勵志，而原圖則更加憂傷)。這場爆炸就是CIA在法國情報機構的幫助下實施的，這也是CIA針對古巴實施的，最早的恐怖襲擊之一。自那以後，他們開始大肆進行秘密空襲和暗殺，只有你想不到的，沒有他們做不出來的。

Cuba always stood a few stages away from a total invasion. Forget Bay of Pigs - US floated many plans to effect actual invasion, one of which being Operation Northwoods.

在不同時期，古巴總是能夠從各種入侵中倖存下來。臭名昭著的豬灣事件就不用提了，美國曾經提出很多切實的入侵計劃，其中就有代號「北木」的行動計劃。

Operation Northwoods - Wikipedia

The plan which was put in front of JFK by Chiefs of Staff was that CIA was going to bomb Florida with planes disguised as Cuban aircraft, and this would give US the excuse to invade Cuba.

參謀長們給肯尼迪提交的這份計劃，說的是CIA將用假冒的古巴飛機去轟炸佛羅里達，以便給予美國入侵古巴的機構。

Yes, that was an actualplan. It wasn』t put into action only because JFK refused it.

是的，這是一個嚴肅的計劃。如果不是肯尼迪最後一刻否決了它，他就成真了。

The bold move by Castro to allow Soviet nukes in Cuba as a counter balance to US missiles in Turkey was not only a means to remove the first strike capability by US by forcing them to remove their nukes in Turkey, therefore reducing any desire US military-industry complex had for a 『winnable』 nuclear war but also to prevent and discourage any future invasions of Cuba.

為了回應美國在土耳其部署導彈，卡斯特羅允許蘇聯在古巴部署核武器。這一大膽舉措，不僅僅是為了迫使美國撤銷在土耳其的導彈、消除美國的第一波核打擊能力，進而打消美國軍工共同體對一場「有贏家」的核戰的任何幻想；同時，也是為了預防和阻止古巴未來可能遭遇的入侵。

But US didn』t budge. Kennedy stubbornly refused to remove missiles in Turkey which were already set for removal/replacement due to being considered obsolete. Thankfully, Soviet side stepped back to evade nuclear war.

但是美國並沒有讓步。肯尼迪拒絕撤離在土耳其的導彈。萬幸的是，蘇聯方面的讓步使世界免遭了核戰爭的荼毒。

Since then, Cuba has been strangled and suffocated through an illegal blockade effected against it directly by US Navy, and then through US 『allies』 through diplomatic pressure. To the extent that they have to use cars remaining from 1950s because they are deprived of importing any industrial machines and infrastructure to manufacture and distribute their own cars, leave aside export them.

自那以後，古巴就被扼住了喉嚨。這場先是美國海軍直接發起，後是通過美國盟(shu)友(guo)進行的非法封鎖，另古巴近乎窒息。在這種情況下，他們不得不還在用著50年代的老爺車，因為他們被禁止進口任何工業設備和基礎設施，這樣他們就無法製造自己的車，更不用說出口。

Economic warfare.

經濟戰爭。

Despite that Cuba succeeded in accomplishing wonders in many fundamental aspects of modern society, even if they had failed in regards to consumer amenities:

儘管如此，除了消費主義上的失敗，古巴在現代社會的很多基本領域都成功地創造了奇蹟：

Free Education and Higher Education, Total free Healthcare coverage, Full employment, Guaranteed housing

——————————未完待續—————————————————

Healthcare 醫保:

Education 教育:

Full Employment 充分就業:

Guaranteed Housing 保障性住房:

Ending Apartheid 終結種族隔離:

Support for independence movements in any colonial country

Internationalism, Charity, Solidarity with every country

Long story short, Castro should be remembered for succeeding.

長話短說，卡斯特羅因其成就而值得被銘記。

Succeeding in everything, practically, ranging from actual independence to application of socialist/communist ideals and practices to the extent they could be applied/practiced under total economic warfare and constant terrorism, coupled with imminent invasion at any given time.

在各個方面，切實的成就——從完成本國的獨立和解放，到踐行社會主義理想()

Imagine someone is strangling you from your throat, preventing you from even breathing and then turning to your neighbors and telling them 「Look, this guy can』t even speak. All he thinks and does is bullshit and he is poor」…

That』s what US had been doing to Cuba.

However Cuba succeeded in not only talking loud, but also even helping his neighbors and anyone in need, to the extent it could, all the while being strangled.

A spectacular success…

One wonders what they could achieve if the total economic warfare against them wasn』t there.

推薦閱讀：