時政類翻譯中的「小身板大能量」（附中國特色政治辭彙）

一遇上時政類漢譯英，大家就會繃緊神經，調集各種辭彙和常用表達儲備。而時政類辭彙通常較正式，因為政治是嚴肅的話題。但仔細研究國外政要的演說稿就會發現，很多高大上的話題都是用稀鬆平常的小詞來表達的，既準確生動，又接地氣。下面就一起來見識一下這些「小身板大能量」的表達吧！

? 改革勢在必行

吼吼吼，這可是很有氣勢的號召喔！怎麼翻？很容易在「勢在必行」上煞費苦心，尋找對應的英語單詞。其實用幾個再普通不過的小詞就可以輕鬆搞定：Reform just cannot wait。其中，just是起強調語氣的作用。每個單詞都很平常，但組合在一起也是鏗鏘有力，擲地有聲。這完全可以納入儲備，以後類似的「……勢在必行」都可以套用，還不趕緊收了！

? 存在的問題&解決問題

一說到「問題」，是不是馬上就會想到problem。這也沒問題。看看下面的例句就會發現，原來還可以有別的「問題」。

It』s no longer a story about what』s gone wrong in education. It』s a story about how we can set it right.

原來「問題」還可以是what』s gone wrong，順便還附送了set it right，那不就是「解決問題」么？買一贈一啊！這麼地道的表達還不收了，不謝！

? 求同存異

這個簡直是耳熟能詳，身為譯人，怎能不知！然後各種官方表達湧現。關於這個常用政治用語，外國首腦又是怎麼表達的呢？

Both parties work through their differences and find common ground.

這裡面就出現了ground這個小詞。舉一反三，如果要翻譯「達成共識」，又該如何表達呢？其實直接就可以翻譯成find common ground。下面再看一下ground這個詞還有什麼本事。

? 在......的問題上作出讓步

碰上這個「讓步」，很多人直接想到concession或者compromise，要不要用這麼大的詞來嚇人？往下看：

This required everyone to give ground on issues that were important to them.

又是這個ground，好像有把自己領土拱手相讓的意思，這不是「讓步」又是什麼？厲害了，是吧！

? 建立......&採取（措施）

We』ve put in place a no fly zone and other measures to prevent further atrocities.

put in place表達的是將......安置到位的意思。妙的是三個小詞就把句中「建立」和「採取（措施）」的意思都囊括了，還省去了動詞搭配的麻煩。這個，在以後的翻譯中，完全可以有。

為了讓大家收得安心，用得放心，不妨透露一下：以上例句全部選自美國前任總統奧巴馬的演說詞。絕對的根正苗紅。要想了解更多時政類翻譯的精妙表達，請繼續關注「翻譯米」。下面米姐給發送上一波超級乾貨包，收好啦~

「一國兩制」 「One Country, Two Systems」

「一中一台」 "One China, One Taiwan"

「兩個中國」 "Two Chinas"

（兩岸）直接三通 Three Direct Links (Mail, Air And Shipping Services and Trade)

兩千三百萬台灣同胞 23 Million Taiwan Compatriots

兩會(人大，政協) Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)

「三個代表」 「Three Represents」

「三個代表」重要思想 The Important Thought of Three Represents

三八紅旗手 Woman Pace-Setter

三大歷史任務 The Three Major Historical Tasks

三個有利於 Three Favorables

三農問題 「 Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer」 Issues

《中美三個聯合公報》The Three Sino-Us Joint Communiqués

四個現代化（農、工、國防、科技）Four Modernizations

四項基本原則 Four Cardinal Principles

四中全會 The Fourth Plenary Session

和平共處五項原則 The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

八項主張 The Eight-Point Proposal

「八個堅持、八個反對」 "Eight Dos" and "Eight Donts"

「八七」扶貧攻堅計劃 The Seven-Year Program to Help 80 Million People Out of Poverty

「九五」計劃 The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000)

「十五」計劃 The Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005)

第十五屆中央委員會 the 15th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC)

十六大 16th Party Congress

十一屆三中全會 The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

「南南合作」 「South -South Cooperation」

「南北對話」 「 North-South Dialog」

「台獨」,台灣獨立 " Taiwan Independence"

「引進來」和「走出去」政策 「Bring In" and "Going Out"

愛國民主人士 patriotic democratic personages

愛國統一戰線 patriotic united front

愛國主義精神 patriotism

安居樂業 live and work in peace and contentment

昂揚向上的精神狀態 an enterprising spirit

澳門 Macao

澳門特別行政區同胞 our compatriots in the Macao SAR

霸權主義 hegemonism

百花齊放 a hundred flowers blossom

百家爭鳴 a hundred schools of thought contend

邊疆穩定 the stability in border areas

人大常委會 the standing committees

邊遠地區 remote areas

波瀾壯闊 a magnificent upsurge

博大精深 extensive and profound

不變質 never degenerating

不斷提高人民生活水平 constantly better peoples lives

不公正不合理 unfair and irrational

不合時宜的觀念的束縛 shackles of the outdated notions

不竭動力 an inexhaustible motive force

不可戰勝 invincible

不可阻擋的歷史潮流 an irresistible trend of history

不迷失方向 lose our bearings

不平衡 uneven

不平坦的道路 a tortuous course

不全面的 not all-inclusive

採取果斷措施 take resolute measures

參政議政 participation in and deliberation of state affairs

長期共存 long-term coexistence

長期社會安定團結 long-term social stability and solidarity

長治久安 long-term peace and order

朝氣蓬勃、奮發有為的領導層 energetic and promising leadership

誠實守信 honesty

充分調動和凝聚 fully mobilize and rally

初步建立 take shape initially

傳統安全威脅 traditional threats to security

創造力、凝聚力和戰鬥力 creativity,cohesion and fighting capacity

辭職制 system of resignation

從我國國情出發 proceed from our national conditions

促進共同發展 promote common development

促進社會全面進步 promoteall-round social progress

擔當重任 assuming heavy responsibilities

當代 the contemporary era

當家作主 masters of the country

當家作主的願望 the wish to be the masters of our country

黨代會 congress of party representatives

黨的骨幹力量 backbone of the party

黨的基本理論、路線和綱領 the partys basic theory, line and program

黨的建設 party building

黨的先進性 partys progressiveness

黨和國家前途命運t he destiny of the party and state

黨和國家事業 the cause of the party and state

鄧小平理論 Deng Xiaoping theory

鄧小平同志逝世 the demise of comrade Deng Xiaoping

第六位 the ixth place

第一生產力 the primary productive force

電子政務 E-government

調動積極性 mobilize the initiative

對等的政治實體 equal political entities

對馬克思主義的錯誤的和教條式的理解 erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism

多層次 multi-tiered

多黨合作 multiparty cooperation

多元化 diversify

多元社會 pluralistic society

多種力量 diverse forces

多重多頭執法 duplicate law enforcement

法制觀念 awareness of law

法制國家 a country with an adequate legal system

法治國家 a country under the rule of law

繁榮、穩定和發展 prosperity,stability and development

反對「台獨」 fight against "Taiwan Independence"

反對分裂 oppose separation

反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government

防止 guard against

非傳統安全威脅 non-traditional threats to security

分裂活動 splitting activities

奮鬥目標和任務 the objectives and tasks

豐富民主形式 develop diverse forms of democracy

風浪,考驗 trials and tribulations

服務大局 serve the overall interests

富強民主文明 a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced

腹地 hinterland

改革發展穩定 reform,development and stability

改革開放 reform and opening-up

肝膽相照 treating each other with all sincerity

高度團結統一 the high degree of unity and solidarity

高度自治 a high degree of autonomy

高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟 hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping theory

高尚的品格 lofty character

高素質的領導幹部隊伍 high-caliber leading cadres

擱置某些政治爭議 shelve certain political disputes

革命化 more revolutionary

革命老區 old revolutionary base areas

各地各部門 all localities and departments

各界愛國人士 patriots from all walks of life

各界人士 personages of all circles

各盡其能、各得其所又和諧相處 well positioned, do their best and live in harmony

各民主黨派 the democratic parties

各人民團體 peoples organizations

各種分裂圖謀 attempts to split the country

根本利益 fundamental interests

工人,農民 workers and farmers

工人階級隊伍 the working class in china

工商聯 federations of industry

公民權利、自由 civil rights / civil liberties

公民政治參與 citizens participation in political affairs

公民職責 civic duty

公平和正義 fairness and justice

公務員 civil servants

公務員制度 system of public servants

公正透明 fairness and transparency

公職人員 the public servants

鞏固和提高 to consolidate and uplift

顧全大局 bear in mind the overall interests

官僚主義作風 the bureaucratic style of work

貫徹 implement

光輝史冊的一頁 a glorious page in the annals

光明和進步 brightness and progress

光榮的愛國主義傳統 a glorious patriotic tradition

廣闊的發展空間 broad space for development

廣納群賢 gather large numbers of talented people

國防 national defense

國防實力 national defense capabilities

國際局勢風雲變幻 a highly volatile international situation

國際性組織 international organizations

國家的主權和安全 state sovereignty and security

國家關係 state-to-state relations

國人民的共同願望 common aspirations of all peoples

國土資源綜合整治 comprehensive improvement of land and resources

國務院 State Council

過渡期 transition, transitional period

捍衛 safeguard

和平，正義，進步 peace, justice and progress

和平統一 peaceful reunification

和平統一談判 negotiations on peaceful reunification

和平與發展 peace and development

和諧並存 harmonious coexistence

很不平凡的歷程 an extraordinary course

弘揚 carry forward

弘揚和培育民族精神 carry forward and cultivate the national spirit

弘揚時代主旋律 highlight the themes of the times

化解歧見 iron out differences

恢復兩岸對話 resume the cross-straits dialogue

積極性和創造性 initiative and creativity

基本行為準則 basic code of conduct

基層民主 democracy at the grassroots level

基礎設施工程 infrastructure projects

激勵和保障機制 an incentive and guarantee mechanism

集體主義 collectivism

集中智慧和力量 pool the wisdom and strength

計劃生育 family planning

計劃生育基本國策 the basic state policies of family planning

繼往開來 carry forward our cause into the future

加快推進社會主義現代化 speed up socialist modernization

加強和改進黨的作風建設 the improvement of the partys work style

加入世貿 accession /entrance / entry to WTO

家庭聯產承包責任制 the household contract responsibility system

堅持統一 persist in reunification

堅定不移 no wavering

堅定地站(在) stand firm

堅強柱石 a staunch pillar

簡政放權 streamline administration and delegate power

建設(資源)節約型社會 build a conservation-minded society

講求實效 pursuing practical results

降低農業稅稅率 reduce agricultural tax rate

接續產業 alternative industries

解放思想 emancipating the mind

解決台灣問題 settlement of the question of Taiwan

解決香港問題和澳門問題 resolve the questions of Hong Kong and Macao

戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience

緊密團結在黨中央周圍 rally closely around the party central committee

經受 withstand

精神文明建設 spiritual civilization

精神支撐 moral kingpin

井然有序 in an orderly way/ fashion

居安思危 stay prepared against adversities in times of peace

居民生活質量 quality of life of the residents

居委會 neighborhood committee

巨大的優越性 great superiority

決策的隨意性 arbitrary decision-making

決策機制 decision-making mechanism

軍隊建設 army building

軍隊現代化 modernization of the army

軍民團結 solidarity between the army and the people

軍人和幹部 servicemen and cadres

軍政團結 solidarity between the army and the government

開創新局面 create a new situation

開發式扶貧 development-oriented poverty relief

開局良好 a good start

開拓創新 blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit

開展對話 to conduct dialogue

抗風險能力 vigilance against risks

科教興國 national rejuvenation through science and education

可持續發展 sustainable development

克服不利影響 overcame the adverse effects

空前巨大的困難和壓力 unprecedented difficulties and pressure

恐怖主義危害 scourge of terrorism

寬領域 wide-ranging

困難群眾 people in straitened circumstances

擴大交流交往 expand mutual contacts and exchanges

來之不易的成績 hard-won achievements

老工業基地 old industrial bases

老三屆 junior and senior high school graduates of 1966~1968

理論創新 theoretical innovation

力量 force

力量之源 the source of its (the party』s) strength

歷史性跨越 a historic leap

歷史性突破 historic breakthrough

立黨之本 the foundation for building our party

連續性和穩定性 consistency and stability

廉潔高效 honesty and high efficiency

廉政建設 build a clean and honest government

糧食流通體制 grain distribution system

兩岸關係 cross-straits relations

兩岸談判 cross-straits negotiations

領導方式和執政方式 way of leadership and governance

領土完整 territorial integrity

路線 the line

落後於時代 fall behind the times

馬克思列寧主義 Marxism Leninism

馬克思主義基本原理 the basic tenets of Marxism

馬克思主義執政黨 a Marxist ruling party

毛澤東思想 Mao Zedong thought

迷信 superstition

民兵 the militia

民進黨 Democratic Progressive Party

民生 peoples livelihood

民主法制 democracy and the legal system

民主管理 democratic management

民主集中制 democratic centralism

民主監督 democratic supervision

民主決策 democratic decision-making

民主團結、生動活潑、安定和諧 democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony

民主選舉 democratic elections

民主制度 the systems of democracy

民族、宗教事務 ethnic, religious affairs

民族的生命力、創造力和凝聚力 vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation

民族進步 the progress of a nation

民族精神 national spirit

民族矛盾 ethnic contradictions

民族凝聚力 the cohesion of the nation

民族區域自治 regional autonomy of ethnic minorities

民族區域自治制度 system of regional ethnic autonomy

民族委員會 ethnic affairs commission

民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture

民族優越感 ethnocentrism

模糊戰略 indistinct strategy

睦鄰友好 good-neighborly relationship

內政外交國防 domestic and foreign affairs and national defense

能上能下 prepared for both promotion and demotion

農村扶貧開發 to alleviate rural poverty through development

農村稅費改革 reform of rural taxes and administrative charges

農業、農村和農民問題 problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers

農業和農村工作 agriculture and rural work

農業基礎地位 agriculture as the foundation of the economy

弄虛作假 falsification

培養人才 personnel training

貧困群眾 people in financial difficulties

平穩過渡 the smooth transition of power

鋪張浪費 extravagance and waste

普選制 general election system

前提 prerequisite

欠發達地區 less developed areas

強化功能 intensify functions

強強聯手 i win -win co-operation

強權政治 power politics

僑胞 overseas Chinese

僑務工作 overseas Chinese affairs

切積極因素 all positive factors

勤勞勇敢 industry and courage

求同存異 seek common ground while shelving differences

區域性組織 regional organizations

曲折的道路 tortuous road

取長補短 draw upon one anothers strong points

取得豐碩成果 yield substantial results

取得了巨大成就 scored tremendous achievements

取消農業特產稅 repeal taxes on special agricultural products

全黨 all the party members; whole party

全黨集體智慧的結晶 the crystallization of the partys collective wisdom

全方位 all-dimensional

全國各族人民 the Chinese people of all nationalities; people of all ethnic groups of the country

全國人大代表 deputy to the National Peoples Congress

全國政協 the National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference

全會 plenary sessions

全面建設小康社會 build a well-off society in an all-round way; building a moderately prosperous society in all respects

全面展開 in full swing

權責脫節 divorce between powers and responsibilities

群眾 the general public

人大 Peoples Congresses

人大代表 NPC member

人大精神 the spirit of the congress

人盡其才put sb. to the best use

人力資源優勢得到充分發揮 a full display of advantages in human resources

人民的物質文化需要 material and cultural needs of the people

人民民主專政 the peoples democratic dictatorship

人民生活更加殷實 upgrade the texture of life for the people

人民團體 mass organizations

人民政協 the Chinese peoples political consultative conference (CPPCC)

人心向背 the trend of popular sentiment

人員往來 personnel exchanges

人員臃腫 overstaffing

任期制 system of fixed tenures

日益增長 ever-growing

榮辱與共 sharing weal and woe

三權分立 separation of the executive, legislative and judicial powers

少數民族 ethnic minorities

少數民族聚居區 areas inhabited by ethnic minorities

社會保障體系 social security system

社會保障體系比較健全 a fairly sound social security system

社會各方面 all quarters of the society

社會各階層人們 the people of all social strata

社會管理 social administration

社會科學 social sciences

社會可承受的程度 the sustainability of the general public

社會其他階層人們 members of other social strata

社會治安 public order

社會主義初級階段 the primary stage of Socialism

社會主義法制 Socialist legal system

社會主義民主政治 Socialist democracy

社會主義事業 Socialist cause

深刻闡述,詳細說明 expound

審視自己 self-examination

生存和發展 survival and development

生活方式,生活作風 life style

勝利前進 forge ahead triumphantly

省、市（地）兩級地方政府 the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments

十五計劃《綱要》outline for the tenth five-year

時代潮流的前頭 forefront of the times

時代的主題 themes of our era

實事求是 seek truth from facts

實現推進現代化建設 to propel the modernization drive

始終貫徹 persistent implementation

世界觀 world outlook

事業 undertakings

事業興衰 the success of our cause

適時適度 at the proper time and to an appropriate degree

手足兄弟 brothers and sisters of the same blood

順應時代潮流 conform to the trend of the times

思想道德建設 ideological and moral education

訴訟程序 judicial proceedings

台灣當局 theTaiwan authorities

台灣分裂勢力 Taiwan separatist forces

台灣海峽 Taiwan straits

台灣同胞 Taiwan compatriots

台灣問題 theTaiwan question

貪污腐敗 corruption

提高競爭力 sharpen the competitive edge

同心同德，艱苦奮鬥 work hard with one heart and one mind

統一、開放、競爭、有序 unified, open, competitive and orderly

團結和帶領 unite with and lead (sb.)

團結統一 unity and solidarity

推動社會全面進步 speed up all-round social progress

推進propel推進西部大開發 advance the development of the western region

妥善處理各方面的利益關係 properly balance the interests of all quarters

拓寬領域 broaden the fields of endeavor

完成祖國統一 to achieve national reunification

完全地實現祖國的統一 the complete realization of the reunification of the motherland

完善自己 self-improvement

萬眾一心 work with one heart and one mind

微調 fine-tuning

違法必究 law-breakers must be prosecuted

唯一標準 the sole criterion

維護世界和平與促進共同發展 to safeguard world peace and promote common development

衛生體育事業 health and sports undertakings

溫飽工程 adequate food and clothing program

穩步推進 steady progress

我國的國際地位 chinas international standing

我國的跨世紀發展 chinas cross-century development

我國綜合國力 chinas overall national strength

無黨派人士 personages without party affiliation

五年內取消農業稅 rescind agricultural taxes in five years

武警 the armed police

務實 pragmatic

物質文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization

吸引力和感召力 attraction and appeal

先發制人戰略 preemptive strategy

先富起來的人們 people who have become rich first

現代化建設 modernization drive

憲法 the constitution

憲法修正案 amendments to the Constitution

相對優勢 comparative advantages

相輔相成 complement each other

香港、澳門特別行政區 Hong Kong And Macao special administrative regions

香港和澳門回歸祖國 the return of Hong Kong And Macao to the motherland

香港特別行政區同胞 our compatriots in the Hong Kong SAR

消除文盲 eliminate illiteracy

小康社會 a well-off society

小康水平 a well-off standard

新的里程碑 a new milestone

新民主主義 new democracy

行使當家作主的權利 exercise their rights as the masters of the country

行使主權 the exercise of sovereignty

行政管理體制改革 administrative restructuring

形成觀念 foster notions

形式主義 formalism

形勢逼人 pressing situation

宣傳輿論工作 media and publicity work

嚴重曲折 serious setbacks

嚴重政治風波 serious political disturbances

一個中國原則 the one-china principle

一貫主張consistent position

一起抓 place equal emphasis on

一些黨的領導幹部 some leading cadres in our party

依法治國 rule (run) the country by law

以德治國 rule (run) the country by virtue

以愛國主義為核心 centering on patriotism

以胡錦濤同志為核心的中共中央委員會 CCCP with Comrade Hu Jintao at the core

意識形態領域 realm of ideology

迎難而上 brave difficulties

擁軍 support the army

(擁軍)優屬 give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs

擁政 support the government

永享太平 enjoy a lasting peace

永遠不變的軍魂 the eternal soul of the army

用人失察責任追究 accountability for neglect of supervisory duty

用人失誤責任追究 accountability for the use of the wrong person

優化結構 optimize structure

優化升級 optimize and upgrade

有法必依 the laws observed

有法可依 there are laws to go by

輿論監督 supervisory function of the media

與人民群眾共命運 shares weal and woe with the people

與時代發展同步伐 advances with the times

與時俱進 keep pace with the times

源遠流長 with a long h story behind it

在曲折中發展 developing amidst twists and turns

增加了解 increase understanding

增強憂患意識 be mindful of potential danger

戰略部署 strategic plan

戰略性調整 strategic adjustment

整頓和規範 to be rectified and standardized

正規化 regularized

政府干預 government intervention

政府機構 government organs; government institutions

政府特殊津貼 special government allowance

政府職能 government functions

政事分開 separating the functions of government from those of institutions

政通人和 (have) a good government and a united people

政協委員會 CPPCC committees

政治、經濟領域 the political and economic spheres

政治經濟舊秩序 old political and economic order

政治經濟新秩序 new political and economic order

政治局 politburo

政治局面 political situation

政治體制 political restructuring

政治協商 political consultation

政治協商制度 political consultation system

支撐 kingpin

知識分子 intellectuals

知識化 (be) better educated

執法必嚴 the laws strictly enforced

執政為民 exercise the state power in the interest of the people

執政之基 the cornerstone for its (the party』s) governance

直轄市 municipality directly under the Central Government

職能交叉 overlapping functions

指導思想 guiding ideology

制定「十五」計劃 the formulation of the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005)

制度創新 institutional innovation

治黨治國治軍 running the party, state and army

智力支持 intellectual support

中共中央the CPC central committee

中共中央委員會CCCP (Central Committee of Communist Party)

中國共產黨第十六次全國代表大會 the sixteenth national congress of the CPC

中國特色社會主義事業 Socialism with Chinese characteristics

中華兒女 all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation

中華民族的偉大復興 the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

中華文明 the Chinese civilization

中西部地區 central and western regions

中央紀委 central commission for discipline inspection of the CPC

中央統戰部 united front work department of CPC central committee

中央委員會 the central committee

中央政府 the central government

忠誠衛士 loyal guards

重大歷史關頭 crucial historical juncture

重要進展 significant headway

主觀主義和形而上學的桎梏 fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics

主權和領土完整 sovereignty and territorial integrity

主要矛盾 the principal contradiction

專家諮詢制度 expert consulting system

專業化 more professionally competent

轉變步伐 the pace of change

莊嚴使命 a grand mission

資源配置 the allocation of resources

自強不息 ceaseless self-improvement

自治 self-governance

綜合國力 overall national strength

總結自己的實踐經驗 review our experience gained in practice

走出一條新路子 blazing a new trail

走在前列 to spearhead

組織監督 organizational supervision

祖國 one』s home country; motherland

祖國統一 national reunification; reunification of the motherland

祖國統一大業 the great cause of national reunification

最廣大人民 the overwhelming majority of the people

最廣泛的 the broadest possible