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長難句分析:[by so agreeing]

A person who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later.

記得教GRE閱讀的時候,這個句子能考倒一片學生,講清楚後大家又紛紛表示「原來這麼簡單」,語法分析就是這麼奇妙。首先,給你3分鐘自己分析:

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Step1 定語從句去掉

A person who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later.

--> A person (who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both) abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later.

--> A person abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later.

這一步沒有太多難處,主語後面的定語從句雖然不短,但是結構很簡單,無非是:who agrees to do sth between 2個人 at the request of 這2個人. 難點是剩下的謂語部分:

abandons by so agreeing the right to take sides later

但是第一步正確地拿掉定語從句仍然是非常重要的,因為看不懂後面的謂語部分,就回到定語從句裡面亂找動詞來做謂語動詞的同學也不在少數。

Step2 查agree和abandon(錯誤劃分證偽)

對於剩下的謂語部分,有同學是這樣分析的:

(abandons by so謂語), (agreeing the right to take sides later伴隨狀語)

整個句子變成:「SVO, doing」的典型結構,看起來挺像那麼回事,但是有兩個錯誤:

  • 首先是agree的用法,agree常用的是做不及物動詞,搭配如:agree with sb. about/on sth. 和agree to/with sth. 當然agree也有做及物動詞的,但是agree the right to do sth不符合下面牛津詞典中它做及物動詞的任何一條,從語義上說不通:

  • 對於這個句子來說更重要的是abandon的用法,abandon詞典釋義如下:

可見abandon沒有不及物動詞的用法,也就是說abandon by這個動詞片語根本不存在。因為根據《英語語法體系》第一章Page6五大句型的劃分方法,不及物動詞才組成動詞片語,並且有兩種理解方法:

SVi + PO = SVtO(動詞和介片語成動詞片語)

e.g. He looked after me. = He + look after + me.

SVi + PO = SViC(PO做動詞補語)

e.g. He looked after me. = He + looked + after me.

Step3 正確劃分推導

通過查閱agree和abandon的詞性及用法,可見上面的分析是錯誤的,並且有如下結論:

  • abandon是及物動詞,後面必有名詞性成分做其賓語
  • agree在此處是不及物動詞,後面也沒有介詞,所以不能加賓語

現在對句子謂語部分做詞性分析如下:

(abandons=及物動詞要賓語) by so (agreeing=不及物動詞不能加賓語) (the right to take sides later=名詞片語可以做賓語)

所以:其中唯一的名詞片語必然做唯一需要賓語的動詞的賓語,即:the right to take sides later做abandons的賓語。整句即:

A person abandons the right to take sides later.

翻譯:一個人放棄xxx權利。

語法分析正確,語義通順,可見句子主幹分析是對的。現在只剩下:

by so agreeing

現在應該揭曉答案:這是一個狀語部分,即常見的:by doing sth. 只不過這個doing直接是個不及物動詞,不需要sth.做其賓語。並且前面加了個so來修飾,查閱so為副詞,修飾動詞現在分詞doing,合情合理:

評論區 @甜不辣 說的很對:

把「by so agreeing」變成「by agreeing so」,兩邊再補上逗號,句子就很明確了。

即:

A person who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both abandons, by agreeing so, the right to take sides later.

最後,整句分析如下:

(A person=主語) (who agrees to serve as mediator between two warring factions at the request of both=定語從句) (abandons=謂語動詞) [by so agreeing=狀語] (the right to take sides later=賓語).

翻譯:一個應邀同意在敵對兩方之間充當調停者的人,因為同意這麼做,就放棄了之後選擇支持某一方的權利。

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