英文文字遊戲的爭鋒較量，是在下輸了
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人人都是翻譯官（rrdsfyg）
原文食用風味更佳：英文文字遊戲的較量，是在下輸了
Wordplay！ Word-Fun！
文字本身就是一種充滿了魅力的東西，任何一門語言都有很值得玩味的地方。在一定程度上，一門語言或一種文字的有意思程度，取決於我們對這門語言這種文字的熟悉程度。中文裡隨處可見押韻和迴文，諧音和雙關等等技巧，英文里也有許多值得玩味的文字遊戲，今天一十來介紹一下Anagram，Palindrome，Pangram，Lipogram，Univocalic, Autogram這六種，前兩種還比較常見，後四種相對冷門一些。但要真學會玩這些文字遊戲，也是一件挺燒腦的事，沒點英文底子真吃不消。不信？那看誰能看到最後再說。?( ? )?
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Palindrome ｜迴文
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? 這個不難，就是指順讀和倒讀都一樣的詞語或句子。A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward. 類似咱們漢語的「你是年少的歡喜」，「上海自來水來自海上」，云云。
? 迴文單詞如：
eye, redivider, noon, civic, radar, level, rotor, kayak, reviver, racecar, redder, madam, refer...
? 迴文的名字如：
Hannah，Ada, Anna, Bob, Elle, Otto, Emme……還有馮紹峰…..我要是騙你我就把名字倒著寫昂！(?_?)
? 迴文句子如：
1. Able was I ere I saw Elba.
看到厄巴島之前，我所向披靡。/ 即落敗孤島孤敗落。
不要污(〃ω〃)，上圖的anal指的是anal retentive(肛門型人格)。
2. Doc, Note: I Dissent.
A Fast Never Prevents A Fatness.
I Diet On Cod.
絕食減不了肥噠……
3. Was it a cat I saw?
4. Dammit, I』m Mad.
5. A man, a plan, a canal – Panama!
6. A Santa at Nasa.
7. Never a foot too far, even.
8. No word, no bond, row on.
9. Some men interpret nine memos.
10. Now Eve, we』re here, we』ve won.
11. Solo gigolos.
12. Senile felines.
13. Rise to vote, Sir.
14. Was it a bar or a bat I saw?
15. Did I draw Della too tall, Edward? I did?
16. A dog! A panic in a pagoda!
17. Step on no pets.
18. 「Not New York,」 Roy went on.
19. A slut nixes sex in Tulsa.
20. Poor Dan is in a droop.
21. Flee to me, remote elf.
22. Not so, Boston.
23. Campus motto: 「Bottoms up, Mac!
24. Eros? Sidney, my end is sore.
25. Lisa Bonet ate no basil.
26. Borrow, or rob?
27. Naomi, did I moan?
28. One for all，all for one.
29. Rats live on no evil star.
30. Go hang a salami, I』m a lasagna hog.
31. Taco cat
32. Test tube butt set.
33. Stressed? No tips? Spit on desserts.
34. No, sir, away! A papaya war is on.
35. In word salad, alas, drown I.
36. Swap God for a janitor; rot in a jar of dog paws.
37. Ma is as selfless as I am.
38. Murder for a jar of red rum.
39. Stab nail at ill Italian bats.
40. Fall leaves as soon as leaves fall
41. UFO tofu
42. No x in Nixon. (尼克松頭腦中沒有未知數)
43. Madam, Im Adam.
44. Lewd did I live, and evil I did dwel.(吾生也放蕩,吾死也罪惡)
45. A man, a plan, a canal- Panama!
進階版：A man, a plan, a canoe, pasta, heros, rajahs, a coloratura, maps, snipe, percale, macaroni, a gag, a banana bag, a
tan, a tag, a banana bag again (or a camel), a crepe, pins, Spam, a rut, aRolo, cash, a jar, sore hats, a peon, a canal – Panama!
? LOL里的大龍名字的命名Nahsor就是Dota里肉山Roshan反過來的拼寫呀，為了紀念dota呀~∠( ? 」∠)
? 還有一種由此衍生的文字遊戲叫semordnilap。沒錯，就是palindrome倒過來寫，所以semordnilap的玩法就是把詞倒著寫。比如stressed=desserts，repaid=diaper。Live-evil，Na?ve-evian……
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Anagram ｜易位構詞
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? 指打亂一個單詞或短語的字母順序和位置，構成另外一個單詞或短語，原詞的字母一個沒多一個沒少，只是變了順序。An anagram is word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once.
? 一個巧妙的anagram，重組出的新詞/句要有趣味，且跟原詞/句有一定的聯繫，通常前後有點諷刺意味。比如：
* listen = silent
* dormitory = dirty room
* funeral = real fun
* admirer = married
* a gentleman = elegant man
* desperation = a rope ends it * roast beef = eat for BSE（瘋牛病）* prostitute - tourist pet
* mother-in-law = woman Hitler * rail safety = fairy tales* conversation = voices rant on
* eleven plus two = twelve plus one
* millionaire = limo（豪車）, airline
* Male chauvinism (男性沙文主義)= Im such a vile man
* slot machines(老虎機)= cash lost in 『em (『代表省略)
* The country side = No City Dust Here
* Tom Marvolo Riddle = I am Lord Voldemort（伏地魔的梗）
* Sexual Reassignment Surgery（變性手術）= Man returns as sexy girl
* New York Times=Monkeys write* public relations（公關）= Crap built on lies
* Federal Bureau of Investigation（聯邦調查局）= If found alive, abuse, interrogate!
* election results = lies - let』s recount
大選結果=謊言-重新計票吧* Weapons of mass destruction = US team swoops. Finds no trace.
大規模殺傷性武器=美國進軍，神馬都沒找到。
* Have a nice day! = Have a cyanide! （服毒自殺）
* The Titanic Disaster =Death, it starts in ice
? 當美國的州名詞被anagram後......
? 很多人名也值得玩味，《神秘博士》的衍生劇《火炬木》為啥要叫火炬木？因為Doctor Who = Torchwood .
* William Shakespeare = I am a weakish speller
* Madam Curie=Radium came* President Clinton of the USA = to copulate（交媾）, he finds interns(? ???ω??? ?)
* George Bush = He bugs Gore
* Osama Bin Laden = an Islam bad one
* Sherlock Holmes = He』ll mesh crooks（將惡人繩之以法）* Gregory House (豪斯醫生)= Huge ego, sorry
* Tom Cruise湯姆克魯斯= So I』m cuter
? 還有《達芬奇密碼》，作為符號學專家，湯姆漢克斯擁有超強的anagram解析能力。
"O, Draconian Devil" ="Leonardo da Vinci"
"Oh, Lame Saint」="The Mona Lisa"
? 來個長一點的：
To be or not to be: that is the question, whethertis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.= In one of the Bards best-thought-of tragedies, our insistent hero, Hamlet, queries on
two fronts about how life turns rotten.更厲害的來了，美國開國大佬華盛頓有幅橫渡特拉華河的經典畫像，一個名叫David Shulman的人為此事寫了首十四行詩《華盛頓橫渡特拉華河》，這十四行詩句全都是標題Washington Crossing the Delaware的anagram，每！一！句！都！是！
Washington Crossing The Delaware
- by David ShulmanA hard, howling, tossing water scene.Strong tide was washing hero clean."How cold!"Weather stings as in anger.O Silent night shows war ace danger!The cold waters swashing on in rage.Redcoats warn slow his hint engage.When star generals action wishd "Go!"He saw his ragged continentals row.Ah, he stands – sailor crew went going.And so this general watches rowing.He hastens – winter again grows cold.A wet crew gain Hessian stronghold.George cant lose war withs hands in;Hes astern – so go alight, crew, and win!
? 有興趣的話，可以在Google里輸入anagram試試，你會看到"nag a ram?"。
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Pangram ｜全字母文
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? 英語pangram或holoalphabetic sentence，希臘語pangramma（意為「每一個字母」），指包括英文全部26個字母的句子。A pangram or holoalphabetic sentence is a sentence using every letter of a given alphabet at least once.
? 有一句pangram被廣泛應用於測試電腦系統顯示字體和測試打字機中，因為可以顯示所有英文字母：The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
? 越短的全字母句相對越巧妙，每一個字母都只出現一次的全字母句叫做perfect pangram，但其實26個字母都用到且不重複用到的句子很少，要麼會用到縮寫的（acronyms, initials），要麼會用到晦澀的專有名詞，還會有一些奇怪的停頓。比如：
*Mr Jock, TV quiz PhD, bags few lynx.
"Glum Schwartzkopf vexd by NJ IQ.
*Frowzy things plumb vex』d Jack Q.
*Jocks find quartz glyph, vex BMW.
? 以下是都用到26個字母，但有重複用到同個字母的句子，卻多了份趣味和意義。
*Jived fox nymph grabs quick waltz. (28 letters)
*Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf. (28 letters)*Waltz, nymph, for quick jigs vex Bud. (28 letters)
*Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow. (29 letters)*Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim. (29 letters)
*How vexingly quick daft zebras jump!(30 letters)*The five boxing wizards jump quickly.(31 letters)*Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz. (31 letters，被WindowsXP用於在察看某些字體時的範例文稿)
*Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs. (32 letters，被BeagleBros用於字體範例)*Big Fuji waves pitch enzymed kex liquor. (33 letters)
*The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. (35 letters，被Windows用作範例文稿)
*Heavy boxes perform quick waltzes and jigs. (36 letters)
*Jinxed wizards pluck ivy from the big quilt. (36 letters)
*Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes. (40 letters，被Macintosh用於字體範例)
*Cozy lummox gives smart squid who asks for job pen. (41 letters)
*Sixty zippers were quickly picked from the woven jute bag. (48 letters)
*How razorback-jumping frogs can level six piqued gymnasts! (49 letters，被Macintosh，System7用於字體範例)
*We promptly judged antique ivory buckles for the next prize. (50 letters)
*A quart jar of oil mixed with zinc oxide makes a very bright paint. (53 letters)
*Whenever the black fox jumped the squirrel gazed suspiciously. (53 letters)
*A mad boxer shot a quick, gloved jab to the jaw of his dizzy opponent. (54 letters)
*The job requires extra pluck and zeal from every young wage earner. (54 letters)
*Jaded zombies acted quaintly but kept driving their oxen forward. (55 letters)
*Six big juicy steaks sizzled in a pan as five workmen left the quarry. (56 letters)
*While making deep excavations we found some quaint bronze jewelry. (56 letters)
*We quickly seized the black axle and just saved it from going past him. (57 letters)
*The public was amazed to view the quickness and dexterity of the juggler. (60 letters)
*The July sun caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt. (61 letters)
*Six javelins thrown by the quick savages whizzed forty paces beyond the mark. (64 letters)
*The explorer was frozen in his big kayak just after making queer discoveries. (64 letters)
真心覺得不容易…咱漢語里的《千字文》里，每個漢字都只用一次，但也沒有包括所有的漢字啊|д?)っ。
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Lipogram ｜漏字文
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先來賣個關子，下面這段話有什麼特別之處：
This is an unusual paragraph. Im curious how quickly you can find out what isso unusual about it. It looks so plain you would think nothing was wrong withit! In fact, nothing is wrong with it! It is unusual though. Study it, andthink about it, but you still may not find any thing odd. But if you work at ita bit, you might find out! Try to do so without any coaching!發現了嗎？這段話里就沒有一個字母e…〣( oΔo )〣
? 在所有的Lipogram中，寫出一篇不含字母z、j、x的漏字文很容易，寫一篇沒有字母e的英文文章是最難的，因為字母e出現的頻率在英文中是最高的。一個19世紀的匿名詩《Fate of
Nassan》里就沒有一個字母e：Bold Nassan quits his caravan,
A hazy mountain grot to scan;Climbs jaggy rocks to find his way,Doth tax his sight, but far doth stray.Not work of man, nor sport of childFinds Nassan on this mazy wild;Lax grow his joints, limbs toil in vain—Poor wight! why didst thou quit that plain?Vainly for succour Nassan calls;Know, Zillah, that thy Nassan falls;But prowling wolf and fox may joyTo quarry on thy Arab boy.
? 這還不算什麼，你們造嗎？1939年美國作家Ernest Vincent Wright 所寫的小說Gadsby，全書共5萬字，通篇沒有一個「e」出現！！！什麼過去式-ed，代詞me，還有無處不在的定冠詞the等等都沒用到！(?言?╬)
? 法語中也有這種wordplay。法國作家Geogres Perec有本偵探小說叫La Disparition（字面意思是the disappearance），主要講一個消失怪圈的故事。
Perec是一群稱作Oulipo的法國作家中的一員，這群作家在他們的作品中常常會採用多種帶有約束性的寫法。小說里的人物Anton Voyl的人生比較悲慘，其父母在二戰中雙亡，戰後由叔叔阿姨撫養長大，Anton行為古怪，睡眠失常，有一天他突然就銷聲匿跡了。他的朋友在他巴黎的住處翻了個底朝天都沒找到他，卻只發現了一本稀奇古怪的日記，裡面儘是些文字遊戲。然後他的朋友們就開始解謎，當他們解出謎底時，也同樣詭異地消失了.....其中就有lipogram這個字謎遊戲。
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Univocalic ｜單音文
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? 所有母音字母a/e/i/o/u里只使用了一個母音字母寫成的漏字文稱單音文，或叫做「同音文」，即每個音節的母音均相同。A univocalic is a type of lipogrammatic constrained writing that uses only a single vowel, "A", "E", "I", "O", or "U", and no others.
? 典型的比如：
* Cool schoolboys do not do sports on top of London shopfronts.
* No cool monsoons blow soft on Oxford dons, Orthodox, jog-trot, book-wormSolomons.
? 流傳最廣的單音文詩是C.C. Bombaugh於1890年寫的， 母音字母里只用了O，Bombaugh有一句名言對Univocalic 大加稱讚：「gleanings from the Harvest-Fields of Literature（在文學的豐收土地上拾得落穗）」。
? 再舉一個例子，在Christian B?k寫的《Eunoia》的每一章中，都只用了一個母音字母，如第四章中一個典型的句子是：「Profs
from Oxford show frosh who do post-doc show to gloss works of Wordsworth.」
? 而在中文中， Univocalic就是指只用同一個注音符號寫成的文章，整個文章中的漢字只用同一個音，四聲不限，標點不限，大多是文言。最有名的應該是著名語言學家趙元任寫的《施氏嗜獅史》了吧：
「石室詩史」施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅，氏時時適市視獅。十時，適十獅適市；是時，適施氏適市。氏視是十獅，恃矢勢，使是十獅逝世，氏拾是十獅屍，適氏石室。石室濕，氏拭室。氏始試食十獅屍，食時，始識是十獅屍實十石獅。試釋是事。
另外，還有：
《熙戲犀》——作者：趙元任
西溪犀，喜嬉戲。席熙夕夕攜犀徙，席熙細細習洗犀。犀吸溪，戲襲熙。席熙嘻嘻希息戲。惜犀嘶嘶喜襲熙。
《易姨醫胰》——作者：江濤
易姨悒悒，依議詣夷醫。醫疑胰疫，遺意易姨倚椅，以異儀移姨胰，弋異蟻一億，胰液溢，蟻殪，胰以醫。易胰怡怡，貽醫一夷衣。醫衣夷衣，怡怡奕奕。噫！以蟻醫胰，異矣！以夷衣貽夷醫亦宜矣！
《於瑜與余欲漁遇雨》——作者：楊富森
於瑜欲漁，遇余於寓。語余：「余欲漁於渝淤，與余漁渝歟？」
余語於瑜：「余欲鬻玉，俞禹欲玉，余欲遇俞於俞寓。」余與於瑜遇俞禹於俞寓，逾俞隅，欲鬻玉於俞，遇雨，雨逾俞宇。余語於瑜：「余欲漁於渝淤，遇雨俞寓，雨逾俞宇，欲漁歟？鬻玉歟？」於瑜與余御雨於俞寓，俞鬻玉於余禹，雨愈，余與於瑜踽踽逾俞宇，漁於渝淤。
其他就不一一列舉了，簡直喪心病狂！
?(????ε ???? ? )))Σ≡=─
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Autogram｜單音文
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?Autogram又叫做Self-enumerating Sentence/Self-documenting Sentence，是指一句話的內容描述的正是這句話本身。An autogram is a sentence that describes
itself in the sense of providing an inventory of its own characters. 比如：*This sentence contains five words.
*This sentence contains thirty-six letters.
*There are fourteen vowels in this sentence.
*This autogram contains five as, one b, two cs, two ds, thirty-one es, five fs, five gs, eight hs, twelve is, one j, one k, two ls, two ms, eighteen ns, sixteen os, one
p, one q, six rs, twenty-seven ss, twenty-one ts, three us, seven vs, eight ws, three xs, four ys, and one z.
? 1982年，Scientific American月刊上就曾刊登出一個出自Lee Sallows的 Autogram傑作：
Only the fool would take trouble to verify that his sentence was composed of ten as, three bs, four cs, four ds, forty-six es, sixteen fs, four gs, thirteen hs, fifteen is, two ks, nine ls, four ms, twenty-five ns, twenty-four os, five ps,
sixteen rs, forty-one ss, thirty-seven ts, ten us, eight vs, eight ws,four xs, eleven ys, twenty-seven commas, twenty-three apostrophes, sevenhyphens and, last but not least, a single !
? 1984年更是刊登出了一個更巧妙的autogramic pangram（a
self-enumerating sentence in which every letter of the alphabet occurs at leastonce），如下：This pangram contains four as, one b, two cs, one d, thirty es, six fs, five gs, seven hs, eleven is, one j, one k, two ls, two ms, eighteen ns, fifteen os, two ps, one q, five rs, twenty-seven ss, eighteen ts, two us, seven vs, eight ws, two xs, three ys,
& one z.
你們的腦細胞還好嗎？
(つд?)
▼
Wow！
Wordplay！
Word-Fun！只想說，
『學無止境』
爬上山頂並不是為了讓全世界看到你，
而是讓你看到更大更真實的世界。
但也不要怕什麼真理無窮，
咱進一寸有一寸的歡喜。
本文首發於微信公眾號：
人人都是翻譯官（rrdsfyg）
原文鏈接：英文文字遊戲的較量，是在下輸了
喪心病狂的英文乾貨專欄：人人都是翻譯官
高產的地道又實在的英文乾貨知識星球：
http://t.xiaomiquan.com/N33ne66
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