《Nobel Prizes in Neuroscience》專輯介紹

熱烈祝賀2017年的諾獎又花落神經科學學家!

2017年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎授予傑弗理·霍爾(Jeffrey C Hall)、邁克爾·羅斯巴希(Michael Rosbash)、邁克爾·楊(Michael W Young)。三位科學家的獲獎理由是:因發現控制晝夜節律的分子機制。


作為當今世界上最富盛名的科學獎勵系統,諾貝爾獎代表了人類科學領域的最高榮譽,獲獎的成果也基本上代表了人類科學研究的最新成就和最高水平。百餘年來,共有800餘人獲得了這一殊榮。雖然他們中的很大一部分人早已不在人世,但是他們為人類科學事業所做的貢獻,早已成為美談,被世人代代傳頌。

獲獎的科學家中,也有不少是從事神經科學研究的。據統計,至今共有約60餘位科學家憑藉神經科學領域內/相關的研究獲得了20餘次諾貝爾獎,他們主要獲得的是生理或醫學獎。雖然神經科學是一門「複雜學科」,很多研究不是很容易理解和傳播,但是仍然有不少諾獎得主憑藉其傑出的科學貢獻和強大的人格魅力,讓我們耳熟能詳。比如,因為提出了「神經元學說」而稱為「現代神經科學之父」的Cajal(繪製了很多藝術品級別的神經元圖稿)、提出了大腦不對稱性的「左右腦分工理論」的Sperry(啟迪了各式的大腦開發理論) 和開啟了從細胞分子層次研究學習與記憶的Kandel(暢銷書作者)。

(「絕世畫家」Cajal、「教育大師」Sperry和「文學巨匠」Kandel)

在科學研究的道路上砥礪前行,如能站在巨人的肩膀上,無疑能給我們更廣闊和視野和更有深度的思考。因此,我們覺得給大家多介紹一些頂級科學成就和思想是非常有意義的一件事情。而代表著人類科學領域的最高榮譽的諾貝爾獎是不二之選。所以,趁著今年諾貝爾獎頒發之際,我們寫作團隊組織了一場以「Nobel Prizes in Neuroscience: from Golgi and Cajal to Hall, Rosbash and Young」為主題的專題寫作活動。

我們專欄將在接下來的一段時間內,陸續發布12篇文章介紹以下10位/組諾貝爾獎得主的主要科學貢獻:

1、Cajal (1905) :

  • 從源頭開始:神經元的發現 (作者: @忙菇 )

2、 Egas Moniz(1949):

  • 額葉切除術,諾貝爾獎的"黑歷史"?(作者 @東華君 )

3、Hodgkin & Huxley (1963):

  • 諾獎膜片鉗專題| 發現動作電位的發生機制——Alan Hodgkin & Andrew Huxley (作者 @庚潤 )

4、Herbert A. Simon (1978):

  • 心智計算的先驅——赫伯特?西蒙 (作者: @呵呵whatever )

5、Roger Sperry (1981):

  • 諾貝爾獎工作並不一定是真理:1981年諾貝爾獎得主Roger Sperry (作者: @忙菇 )

6、Hubel and Wiesel (1981):

  • 視覺系統中的信息加工( @張小king )

7、Bert Sakmann (1991):

  • 諾獎膜片鉗專題| 從RC電路到H-H模型( @insoulter )
  • 諾獎膜片鉗專題| 如何傾聽神經元的「對話」( @ChenLee )
  • 諾獎膜片鉗專題| 探索神經元交流的發聲元件 ( @insoulter )

8、Eric R. Kandel (2000):

  • 什麼是一流的科學研究?--千禧年的諾貝爾獎,神經科學大師坎德爾 (作者: @小獅子 )

9、Daniel Kahneman (2002)

  • 我們不聰明,但我們蠢得很有規律 (作者: @南瓜落落 )

10、John O′Keefe & the Mosers (2014):

  • 大腦中的GPS(作者: @東華君 )

11、Hall, Rosbash and Young(2017):

  • 控制生物鐘的分子機制 # 2017年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎是怎麼回事 (作者: @siaga )
  • 生物的晝夜節律 (作者: @吳思涵 )

最後,向先賢和所有奮鬥在一線的科研工作者致敬!也希望今後我們的祖國和民眾能越來越崇尚科學,更多的有志青年能因為興趣而投身科學,砥礪前行、不斷創新。

期待大家能持續關注我們的這一專題,謝謝~


Nobel Prizes in Neuroscience:

  1. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017

    Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young

    「for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm」
  2. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014

    John O』Keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser

    「for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain」
  3. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013

    James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof

    「for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells」
  4. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004

    Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck

    「for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system」
  5. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003

    Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield

    「for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging」
  6. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000

    Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric R. Kandel

    「for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system」
  7. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997

    Stanley B. Prusiner

    「for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection」
  8. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991

    Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann

    「for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells」
  9. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986

    Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini

    「for their discoveries of 『growth factors』"
  10. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981

    Roger W. Sperry

    「for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres」

    David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel

    「for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system」
  11. The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 1978

    Herbert A. Simon

    for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations」
  12. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977

    Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally

    「for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain」

    Rosalyn Yalow

    「for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones」
  13. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973

    Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen

    「for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns」
  14. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971

    Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.

    「for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones」
  15. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970

    Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod

    「for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the

    nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation」
  16. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967

    Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald

    「for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye」
  17. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963

    Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley

    「for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane」
  18. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961

    Georg von Békésy

    「for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea」
  19. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950

    Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein and Philip Showalter Hench

    「for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects」

  20. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949

    Walter Rudolf Hess

    「for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs」

    Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz

    「for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses」
  21. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947

    Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz

    「for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen」

    Bernardo Alberto Houssay

    「for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar」
  22. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944

    Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser

    「for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres」

  23. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936

    Sir Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi

    「for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses」
  24. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932

    Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian

    「for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons」
  25. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927

    Julius Wagner-Jauregg

    「for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica」
  26. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914

    Robert Bárány

    「for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus」
  27. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911

    Allvar Gullstrand

    「for his work on the dioptrics of the eye」

  28. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906

    Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal

    「in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system」

歡迎閱讀我們的其他專題文章:

【雞的認知功能研究報告】專輯介紹

也歡迎也關注我們的其他平台:

微信公眾號:腦人言(ibrain-talk)

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