法式點心中的大家族——甜酥麵包 Les Viennoiseries

01-27

我相信大家都了解並喜愛法國點心吧！你愛吃法棍麵包和可頌麵包嗎？其實，可頌麵包屬於一個特殊的點心家族，叫做「甜酥麵包」。甜酥麵包是類似普通麵包和酥皮糕點的小點心，但往往會加入一些輔料，常見的有雞蛋、黃油、牛奶、奶油和糖，這些輔料讓甜酥麵包嘗起來既香甜又別具風味。現在，就讓我給大家介紹甜酥麵包家族中的7位成員吧！

I』m sure you know and like French desserts, I』m also sure you won』t hate French bread, baguette. What about croissant? Did you know it belongs to another family of delicious pastries, called 「viennoiseries」? They are small desserts similar to bread, or from puff pastry, but with added ingredients (particularly eggs, butter, milk, cream and sugar), it gives them a richer, sweeter character, we love to savour. Discover 7 of them with me!

可頌麵包 Le Croissant

可頌麵包是甜酥麵包家族中最著名的成員了，也是典型的法式早餐代表。傳言說，可頌麵包是由路易十六的王后Marie-Antoinette 在她的婚禮上由維也納帶入法國的。在維也納，可頌麵包是用來紀念1683年奧土戰爭的勝利的。可頌麵包可以單獨吃，也搭配黃油和果醬，甚至在茶、巧克力和咖啡里沾著吃。不管怎麼吃都美味哦！

The croissant is the most famous of the viennoiseries, one of the icons of the French breakfast. The legend says its original version would have been brought in France by Marie-Antoinette, at her wedding in 1770, from Vienna where it has been created to remember the victory against the Turkish in 1683. Croissant can be eaten with butter, various jams, plain, or even soaked in tea, chocolate and coffee. Always delicious!

蝴蝶酥 Le Palmier

蝴蝶酥的法語名字其實是「棕櫚酥」，因為它有著棕櫚樹葉子的形狀，它還有一個浪漫的名字叫做「法蘭西之心」。蝴蝶酥有很多做法，有用肉桂蝴蝶酥，也有糖霜蝴蝶酥。並且，從20世紀開始，蝴蝶酥甚至成了上海的特產之一呢！

A palmier (French for "palm tree"), is a pastry in a palm leaf shape or a butterfly shape, sometimes called 「c?ur de France」 (France』s heart). You will sometimes see the version done with cinnamon, or with frozen sugar on it, which became a Shanghai specialty in the 20th century.

巧克力酥 Le Pain au Chocolat

在比利時和法國大部分地區，這種點心叫做「巧克力酥」，而在法國西南地區和魁北克地區，它被叫做「巧克力海綿蛋糕」。從前在法國的學校里，學生們會得到一根法棍麵包和一條巧克力做點心，但後來廚師創造性地將兩者結合在了一起，變成了巧克力酥。我強烈推薦你嘗嘗它，記住，要在新鮮出爐熱騰騰的時候吃哦！

There is a controversy about the name: 「Pain au Chocolat」 in Belgium and the majority of France, 「Chocolatine」 in South-West of France and Quebec. Traditionally it was a piece of baguette bread filled with a bar of chocolate that was given to pupils at school in France, but later bakers made it from puff pastry. I strongly recommend you to try it warm, a few minutes after having been pulled out of the oven!

提子酥 Le pain aux raisins

提子酥在有些國家被稱為「蝸牛酥」，因為它的形狀像蝸牛殼。在法國，提子酥是一種常見的早餐，在幾乎每家麵包店都能看到它的身影。提子酥是可頌和巧克力酥的變體，是用發酵好的麵糰加以葡萄乾和奶油，捲成一個卷製成的。在食用提子酥時，我建議你不要沾其他佐料了，因為它本身的味道已經足夠豐富了！

The 「pain aux raisins」 (raisin bread) is also called 「escargot」 (snails) in some country. It is associated with breakfast, in France you buy some freshly baked in every bakery in the morning. It is typically a variant of the croissant or pain au chocolat, made with a leavened butter pastry with raisins added and shaped in a spiral with a crème patissière filling. I advice you not to add anything when eating it, the 「pain aux raisins」 is already sophisticated enough!

布里歐修 La brioche

布里歐修，又叫「松甜圓麵包」，類似於含有大量蛋奶和黃油的濃縮麵包，有著金黃鬆軟的外殼。布里歐修的起源於法國諾曼底，早在1404年修道士寫的書中，我們就能看到布里歐修的身影了。有一個一度廣為謬傳的故事說，當大臣們告訴Marie-Antoinette王后說窮人們吃不起麵包時，她回答說：「讓他們吃蛋糕唄！」這裡的蛋糕就是指布里歐修。布里歐修可以單獨吃，也可以搭配黃油、果醬或巧克力醬吃，我相信你一定會愛上它的！

The 「brioche」 is a pastry that is similar to a highly enriched bread, and whose high egg and butter content give it a rich and tender crumb, but a dark, golden, and flaky crust. Its origins should be in Normandy, in France, where we can find mention of it already in 1404 in monks』 books. A mis-attributed legend also says that Marie-Antoinette would have advised, with regard to peasants who had no bread, "Quils mangent de la brioche", commonly translated inaccurately as "Let them eat cake (brioche)". With butter, jams, chocolate or nature I』m sure you will enjoy it a lot!

糖塊泡芙 La Chouquette

糖塊麵包是一小塊酥皮撒上糖霜，或者填充入奶油、巧克力夾心製成的。不加夾心的糖塊麵包是甜酥家族中最不甜膩的選擇。是小朋友的最愛！

A Chouquette 「small sprout」 is a small portion of choux pastry sprinkled with pearl sugar and sometimes filled with cream, chocolate, or empty. If empty it becomes then very light to eat, definitely not as heavy as the other viennoiseries. Children love them!

法國蘋果包 Le Chausson aux Pommes

法國蘋果包，字面意思是「蘋果拖鞋」——是一種半圓形的糕點，用酥皮麵糰和烤蘋果製成。傳說中，在1580年，三分之二的聖卡萊居民死於瘟疫，當時有一位城堡的女主人將蘋果包在麵糰里救濟倖存者們，後來，蘋果包就誕生了。法國蘋果包是很容易吃飽的，如果你不是很餓的話，吃一個迷你版蘋果包會比較合適哦！

The Chausson aux Pommes 「slipper with apples」 is a half-circle viennoiserie made from puff pastry and filled with baked apples. The legend says that 2/3 of the inhabitants from Saint-Calais in France died from plague in 1580, and that the local chatelaine gave the survivors some apples wrapped in a kind of puff pastry. In my opinion it is quite copious, you』d rather be hungry or take a mini version!

下期預告 Forecast

看了這麼多，你對哪一種點心興趣最大？在評論中告訴我吧！其實，法式點心中還有其他大家族，比如：蛋糕家族。我將在未來的文章中為大家介紹它們。敬請期待！

So, which one would you like to try the most? You can tell me in the comments. Of course, there are much more families of French desserts,such as: cakes! Let』s discover them in a forthcoming article!

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