怎麼寫 teaching statement？

01-21

特別是完全沒有教學經驗的情況下。

這種東西不是有模版咩，轉一個吧。http://explorer365.blog.163.com/blog/static/52543325201182485611659/

Writing a Teaching Philosophy Statement寫一份教學理念陳述

Prepared by Lee Haugen, Center for Teaching Excellence, Iowa State University, March, 1998

豪根·李，愛荷華州立大學教學卓越中心，1998年3月

Your philosophy of teaching statement should reflect your personal values and the needs of your students and your department. At the least, you will want to address four primary questions, usually in this order.

你的教學理念陳述要反映你個人的價值，以及學生和系科的需求。至少，你要考慮四個基本的問題，通常按以下順序排列。

1. To what end?

2. By what means?

3. To what degree?

4. Why?

1. To What End?

It is important to start by describing where you want to end. In other words, what are your objectives as a teacher? The rest of your philosophy statement should support these objectives which should be achievable and relevant to your teaching responsibilities; avoid vague or overly grandiose statements. On the other hand, you will want to demonstrate that you strive for more than mediocrity or only nuts-and-bolts transference of facts.

You would certainly want your students to learn the fundamental content of the courses you teach. But beyond that, do you hope to foster critical thinking, facilitate the acquisition of life-long learning skills, prepare students to function effectively in an information economy, or develop problem-solving strategies? What is your role in orienting students to a discipline, to what it means to be an educated person in your field? How do you delineate your areas of responsibility as compared to your students" responsibilities? In what specific ways do you want to improve the education of students in your field? Are there discussions in academic journals or in professional organizations about shortcomings in the education of students today or unmet needs in the discipline and do you have ideas about how to address those shortcomings and needs? If you are going to use teaching in P T bids, you will probably need to connect to national issues or objectives.

These are questions that will require some thought and you will probably benefit from discussing them with other faculty in your department. Some people can sit down and bang out a paragraph or two in a short time but most of us become more thoughtful about the "big" questions when we bounce them off of our colleagues, consider their responses, re-evaluate our positions, revise, talk some more, etc. Your statement of objectives as a teacher is the most important part of your teaching philosophy and you should take some time with it. And if you take it seriously, you will probably come back to this statement to revise or add to it. Think of it as a work in progress.

1. 要達到什麼目標

以描述你想要達到的目標作為開端是非常重要的。換句話說，作為一名教師，你的目標都是些什麼？餘下的就是，你的教育理念陳述應該支持你所設定的目標，這些目標應該是可以達到並且與你的教學職責是相關的。另一方面，你想要證明的是你不甘平庸，或者僅僅局限於一些事實的具體傳遞。

你當然希望你的學生學習你所教課程的基本內容。但除此之外，你希望培養學生的批判性思維，促進學生終身學習技能的獲得，為學生在信息經濟中有效地發揮作用作好準備，或發展學生問題解決的策略嗎？你在學生的專業定向和引導上扮演著什麼樣的角色，在你的領域裡一個受過教育的人又是意味著什麼呢？比照學生的責任，你又怎樣描繪你的責任範圍呢？你又會以什麼方式來改善你學科領域的學生教育呢？有學術期刊或專業組織有討論今天的學生教育的缺點或學科未滿足的需求嗎？而你對陳述這些缺點和需求心裡有底嗎？

這些問題需要我們進行思考，你可以與系裡的其他教師就這些問題展開討論，或許會有所收益。有些人可以坐下來在短時間內就嘣出一兩段，但我們當中的大多數人是把問題拋給我們的同事、考慮其反應、重新評估我們的位置、更多地修正和交談之後才會把「大」問題考慮得更加周密。作為一名教師，你的目標陳述是你的教學理念的最重要的部分，你應該多花一些時間來考慮。如果你認真對待它，你可能會反覆地對它進行的修改和添加。請把它看成是一個進展中的工作。

2. By What Means?

When you have a clear idea about your teaching objectives, you can discuss methods that you use to achieve or work toward those objectives. Here is where you can display your knowledge of learning theory, cognitive development, curriculum design, etc. You will want to explain specific strategies, techniques, exercises, and include both what you have used in the past and are planning for future courses. You will want to tie these directly to your teaching objectives and discuss how each approach is designed for that purpose.

Discuss how you make decisions about content, resources, and methods. If you include a field trip, what are your learning objectives? If you assemble a collection of readings, how did you decide what to include? How do you decide whether to use collaborative or individual projects? Do you use active learning or student-centered learning principles and why? Relate these decisions and methods to the kinds of classes you teach (large lecture, small discussion, lab, etc.) and make connections to your course objectives.

Again, relate your methods to national-level needs for teaching in your discipline whenever possible. If you have developed instructional materials that have been or could be disseminated, be sure to discuss them. If you have designed or are planning innovative activities, describe how they address specific teaching objectives. Have you presented a paper or a workshop at a professional conference related to your teaching methods?

2．通過什麼方式？

當你對你的教學目標有一個明確的想法後，你接下要討論的是用何種方法來實現這些目標。這裡正是展示你的學習理論知識、認知能力發展、課程設計等的地方。你將要解釋的具體策略、技巧和練習，既包括你在過去使用的，也包括計劃在接下來的課程中的使用。你會想這些方法直接以配合你的教學目標，並討論每種方法針對相應的目的是怎樣設計的。

討論你是怎樣對內容、資源和方法作出決定的。如果包括實地考察，你的學習目標是什麼？如果組合你收集到閱讀材料，你是如何決定應該包括哪些內容？你是如何決定使用協作的還是個體的計劃？你是否使用積極學習或學生為中心的學習原則以及其中原因又是什麼？這些決定和方法與你所教的課堂類型（如大型演講，小討論，實驗室等）相關聯，也與你的課程目標相聯繫。

再次，儘可能將你的學科教學方法與國家層面的需求相結合。如果你開發的教學材料已經或有可能被傳播，那一定要好好討論這些問題。如果你已經設計或正在規劃創新活動，請描述他們是如何應對具體的教學目標的。你是否已經在專業會議提交或參加了與你的教學方法有關一份文件或一個工作坊？

3. To What Degree?

You will need to discuss how you intend to measure your effectiveness vis a vis the objectives and methods you have outlined. Because your objectives are most likely related to student learning, then you will probably use measures of student outcomes to reflect your efforts rather than how many chapters you can cover from the textbook. Student evaluations are always a touchy subject among teachers but in large part that is because teachers have not devised their own assessment methods. Most of us are obligated to use standardized evaluation forms. But that does not prevent us from developing other means that are more directly related to our specific goals and objectives. Teachers who develop their own evaluations usually get more relevant feedback. But in addition, they usually get more positive feedback as well because they are asking the students to reflect on the most important aspects of the course.

If one of your objectives is to develop problem-solving skills, then you will probably want to test your students" ability to solve problems. In that case, discuss how you construct problems for them to solve, what skills those problems are meant to evaluate, and the level of performance that you are seeking. As Ronald Myers, Associate Professor in Veterinary Pathology pointed out in his teaching portfolio: I have come to realize that ultimately students learn what we examine for. If we test for learning of facts, students will learn facts. If we test for problem solving, they will learn to be better problem solvers....My long-term goal is to learn more about and then to implement improved mechanisms for assessment of students, likely in the realm of ability-based or performance-based assessment. There are many resources for improving assessment and student evaluations in the [CELT] library.

3．達到何種程度？

你需要討論的是，相對於你所列的目標和方法，打算如何測量你的效率。因為你的目標針對的主要是學生的學習，那麼你很可能會用學生的學習結果來反映你的努力，而不是你的教學覆蓋了教科書的多少章節。學生評教對教師來說是一個敏感的問題，但在很大程度上是因為教師沒有制定自己的評估方法。我們大多數人被迫使用標準的評價表。但是這並不妨礙我們開發與我們的具體目的和目標更具相關性的方法。教師開發自己的評價方法，通常會得到更多的相關反饋。但除此之外，他們通常也會得到更積極的反饋，因為他們所要求的學生對課程的最重要的方面進行反思。

如果你的目標之一是發展學生解決問題的能力，那麼你可能會測試學生解決問題的能力。在這種情況下，討論如何構想需要學生來解決的問題，那些問題意味著要評價哪些方面的技能，以及你要求學生達到怎樣的業績水平。正如羅納德邁爾??斯，獸醫病理學副教授，在他的教學檔案中所指出的：我已經認識到，學生的最終學習才是我們所要檢驗的。如果我們測試學習的事實，學生將學到相應的事實。如果我們測試解決問題的能力，他們將通過學習成為更好的問題解決者…….我的長期目標是更多地了解然後付諸實施，以改進以對學生的評價機制，才有可能達到基於能力或業績的評價境界。[CELT]圖書館有很多有關提升評估和學生評價的資源。

4. Why?

Here is where you can be, if not grandiose, at least a bit grand. What, to you, are the great and wonderful rewards of teaching? Why is teaching important? How do you want to make the world or at least higher education better? When you are overworked and feel undervalued, to what ideals do you return in order to rejuvenate yourself and inspire your students? How do you want to make a difference in the lives of your students?

4．為什麼呢？

這正你想要的，即使不好大喜功，也至少有點神氣。對你來說，什麼是教學的最好的回報？為什麼教學是重要的？您想怎樣使世界或至少高等教育更好些呢？當你勞累過度或覺得價值被低估時，又是什麼理想讓你振奮自我和激發學生的？你又是怎樣來影響學生的一生呢？

（Text in English is from Writing a Teaching Philosophy Statement. 中文部分由浙江師範大學Vick Zhou於2011年9月整理翻譯，如有不當部分，歡迎批評指正，explorer365@hotmail.com）

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