背單詞每種詞性只背一個中文釋義可取嗎?
基礎差,在做辭彙積累,目前基礎辭彙和考研辭彙一起背。但是如果把每個單詞的所有中文釋義都背下來太慢了,能不能每個單詞的每種詞性只背一個中文釋義。
小白問題請大神海涵!
謝邀。首先背景是同學英語基礎薄弱,在準備考研,我默認同學還有一年時間。我的結論是與其背5000個詞根簡單詞,不如自己去總結3000個詞根(可以是考研核心辭彙)+變體,原因如下:
1.基礎差,在做辭彙積累:
考研英語的確很多同學敗在辭彙量不夠,題干首先就不懂上,如果作文題目再不懂的確就掛科了,從這個角度出發,背單詞的確也是最快最有效的辦法,但是如何正確背單詞呢?
2.目前基礎辭彙和考研辭彙一起背:
基礎辭彙我默認是四六級辭彙,如果題主的四級未過,不建議混合背誦,應先抓緊時間給自己一個相對短的時間把四級基礎辭彙過兩遍,等到基礎辭彙每一個都滾瓜爛熟了再去整理考研辭彙,可以在這一輪定期根據記憶曲線圖把基礎辭彙自測一遍,加強記憶。如果混淆,很可能兩邊都沒弄清楚,因為一個範圍有一個範圍的背後原理,為四六級準備的單詞表和考研英語固定的範圍肯定是不同的,會有重合但是容易弄亂。
3.但是如果把每個單詞的所有中文釋義都背下來太慢了,能不能每個單詞的每種詞性只背一個中文釋義:不行,為什麼不行?
①一個單詞背一個中文解釋是沒有實際意義的,英語考試從來不考你中文,聽力也好閱讀也罷,都是在考英英互譯。
舉個栗子,聽力原文用的是listen,當然也可能是問題用的listen,然後答案里ABCD四個選項有一個是hear,看你理不理解這倆詞是一個意思,再舉個栗子,閱讀真題原文里用的單詞是scan,題干或選項里提到的skim,再或者前面用的是被動語態的動詞加介詞構成的動詞短語,後面用的是名詞加ed變成形容詞的非謂語動詞,兩個是對應的你看懂了,選對了這道題就對了。換句話說,答主背了listen是聽,一定要正好也背過hear也是聽,這道題你作對的可能性才有10%,如果它強調的是兩者的不同,你會錯,如果它從hear變成了hearing(這是簡單例子)你會錯,如果它改寫成了近義短語,你還是會錯。
答主摸摸你左邊的良心告訴我,在翻譯里考到你背的英語單詞,會直接考中你背的那個意思?考研英語真的這麼容易?退一萬步講,你背了一個單詞的意思,難道一個單詞就只有一個意思?老師一般不這麼出題,怎麼出題可參考一個神奇的構詞法:英語構詞法中把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉化法,有的名詞可以作動詞,有的形容詞可以作副詞或動詞。
1) 動詞轉化為名詞
意思沒有變化。例如:I think we』d better finish the talk now.我想我們的談話最好現在結束。
思有一定變化。例如:He is a man of strong build.他是一個體格健壯的漢子。
構成短語。例如:Let』s have a look first. 我們先看一下吧。
2) 名詞轉化為動詞
表示物體的名詞。如:Have you booked the ticket?你訂好票了嗎?
表示身體部位的名詞。如:Hand in your papers please.請把你們的試卷交上來。
表示一類人的名詞。如:She nursed her husband back to health.她看護丈夫,使他恢復了健康。
抽象名詞。如:We breakfasted together.我們在一起吃了早餐。
3) 形容詞轉化為動詞
少數形容詞可以轉化為動詞。例如:We will try our best to better our living conditions.我們要儘力改善我們的生活狀況。
4) 副詞轉化為動詞
有少數副詞可以轉化為動詞。例如:Murder will out.惡事終必將敗露。
5) 形容詞轉化為名詞
表示顏色的形容詞常可轉化為名詞,如:The girl in black appears very beautiful.那個穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。
一些形容詞如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等與the連用,表示一類人,作主語時,謂語用複數,如:We don』t belong to the rich, but we don』t belong to the poor, either. 我們不是有錢人,但我們也不是窮人。
②答主背基礎辭彙=背詞根/簡單詞,BUT,語言是隨著社會的發展而發展的。辭彙的數量由少增多,意義由簡單變為複雜,這是語言發展的共同規律、在語言發展的最初階段,人民使用少量而簡單的辭彙,這些辭彙表達日常簡單的事物和概念,是語言中最基礎的辭彙。在語言學上,這種詞叫做原生詞(primitives),也叫基本詞或詞根。英語的原生詞大 都是單音節詞,如sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等。隨著社會的發展。政治、經濟、科學、文化等的不斷前進,許多新的事物和複雜的概念也不斷產生,原有的原生詞已經無法滿足需要,於是創造表達新生事物和概念的新詞就成了不二選擇。
英語的構詞法何其複雜,一個詞根背完有各種變體,如果答主忽略,就是忽略了考研英語的全部考點,與其背5000個詞根簡單詞,不如背3000個詞根+變體,更容易讓你了解英語體系,理解1個詞綴=理解10個以上常考詞,非常划算的題主!舉個栗子:英語構詞法中在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根後面加後綴,從而構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞的方法叫做派生法。
1) 前綴
除少數英語前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意義,不改變詞性;英語後綴一般改變詞類,而不引起詞義的變化。
表示否定意義的前綴常用的有: dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構成與該詞意義相反的新詞。例如:
agree同意→disagree不同意
fair公平的→unfair不公平的
possible可能的→impossible不可能的
understand理解→misunderstand誤解
表示其他意義的前綴常用的有: a-(多構成表語形容詞), anti- (反對;抵抗), auto- (自動), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再;又), sub- (下面的;次;小), tele- (強調距離)等。例如:
co-worker 同事,幫手
enlarge 使變大
cooperate 合作
rewrite 重寫
subway 地鐵
2. 後綴
給單詞加後綴也是英語構詞的一種重要方法。後綴通常會改變單詞的詞性,構成意義相近的其他詞性;少數後綴還會改變詞義,變為與原來詞義相反的新詞。下面僅作簡單介紹。
構成名詞的後綴常用的有:-ence,-(e)r/ -or (從事某事的人),-ese (某地人),-ess (雌性),-ian (精通…的人),-ist (專業人員),-ment (性質;狀態),-ness (性質;狀態),-tion(動作;過程)等。例如:
differ不同於→difference區別
write寫→writer作家
China中國→Chinese中國人
act表演→actress女演員
music音樂→musician音樂家
構成動詞的後綴常用的有:-(e)n (多用於形容詞之後),-fy (使…化),-ize (使…成為)。例如:
wide→ widen加寬
beauty→ beautify美化
pure→ purify提純
real→ realize意識到
organ→ organize組織
sharp→ sharpen使變鋒利
構成形容詞的後綴常用的有:-al,-able (有能力的),-(a)n(某國人的),-en (多用於表示材料的名詞後),-ern (方向的),-ese(某國人的),-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ive,-less (表示否定),-like (像…的),-ly,-ous,-some,-y (表示天氣)等。例如:
nature自然→ natural自然的
reason道理→ reasonable有道理的
America美國→ American美國的
China中國→ Chinese中國人的
gold金子→ golden金的
east東→ eastern東方的
child孩子→ childish孩子氣的
snow雪→ snowy雪的
構成副詞的常用後綴有:-ly (主要用於形容詞之後表示方式或程度),-ward(s) (主要用於表示方位的詞之後表示方向)。例如:
angry生氣的→ angrily生氣地
to到→ towards朝…,向…
east東方→ eastward向東
構成數詞的後綴有:-teen (十幾),-ty (幾十),-th (構成序數詞)。例如:
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→ forty四十→ fortieth第四十
③答主很明顯沒時間一個個去記,那麼我可以給答主一個簡單介紹,說明英語辭彙的複雜性,為什麼與其背5000個詞根簡單詞,不如自己去總結3000個詞根(可以是考研核心辭彙)+變體,和答主背一個中文解釋的後果:
英語單詞(組)本身就有不同類型:
1. Native words 本族詞
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words.
2. Loan words 借詞
Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words.
3. Slang words 俚語
Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary.
4. Function words 功能詞
Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else.
5. Content words 實義詞
Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning.
6. Free forms 自由形式
Forms which occur as sentences are free forms.
英語單詞的構成也有不同方法:
1. Initialism 首字母連寫詞
Initialism is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term or a phrase and it is pronounced letter by letter.
2. Acronyms首字母拼音詞
Acronyms are word formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, and they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters.
3. Clipping 截短法
The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.
4. Blending 拼綴法
Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.
5. Back-formation 逆成法
Back-formation is a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix from a longer form already present in the language.
6. Reduplication 重疊法
Reduplication is a minor type of word-formation by which a compound word is created by the repetition of one word or of two almost identical words with a change in the vowels or of two almost identical words with a change in the initial consonants.
7. Neoclassical formation 新古典詞構成法
Neoclassical formation is the process by which new words are formed from elements derived from Latin and Greek.
一個英語單詞本身包含了不同的隱含意義:
1. Conventionality 約定俗成
It is the characteristics of relation between the sound-symbol and its sense: there is no way to explain why this or that sound-symbol has this or that meaning beyond the fact that the people of a given community have agreed to use one to designate the other.
2. Motivation 理據
Motivation refers to the direct connection between word-symbol and its sense.
3. Echoic/ onomatopoeic words 擬聲詞
Echoic words or onomatopoeic words are words motivated phonetically whose pronunciation suggests the meaning.
4. Morphological motivation 語素結構理據
A word is morphologically motivated if a direct connection can be observed between the morphemic structure of the word and its meaning.
5. Semantic motivation 語義理據
Semantic motivation refers to motivation based on semantic factors and it is usually provided by the figurative usage of words.
6. Grammatical meaning 語法意義
Grammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.
7. Inflectional paradigm 詞形變化
The set of grammatical forms of a word is called its inflectional paradigm. Nouns are declined, verbs are conjugated and gradable adjectives have degrees of comparison.
8. Denotative meaning 外延意義
The denotative meaning of a word is its definition given in a dictionary.
9. Connotative meaning 內涵意義
Connotative meaning refers to the emotional association which a word or a phrase suggests in one』s mind.
10. Social or stylistic meaning 社會意義
Social meaning is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.
11. Affective meaning 情感意義
Affective meaning is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.
12. Componential analysis 語義成分分析
The conceptual meaning or denotative meaning can be broken down into its minimal distinctive components which are known as semantic features. Such an analysis is called componential analysis.
老師出題一般是這麼挖坑的:
1. Polysemy 一詞多義
Polysemy happens when more than one meaning is attached to a word.
2. Radiation 詞義輻射
Semantically, radiation is the process in which the primary or central meaning stands at the center while secondary meanings radiate from it in every direction like rays.
3. Concatenation 語義的連鎖、聯結
Concatenation is a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts, like the links of a chain, until there is no connection between the sense that is finally developed and the primary meaning.
4. Homonymy 同音異義、同形異義
Homonymy is the relation between pairs or groups of word which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.
5. Perfect homonyms 完全同音同形異義詞
Words identical in sound and spelling but different in meaning are called perfect homonyms.
6. Homophones 同音異義詞
Words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called homophones.
7. Homographs 同形異義詞
Words identical in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called homographs.
8. Phonetic convergence 音變的匯合
Phonetic convergence is the kind of phenomenon where two or more words which once were different in sound forms take on the same pronunciation.
9. Semantic Divergence 詞義分化
When two or more meanings of the same word drift apart to such an extent that there will be no obvious connection between them, the word has undergone the process of semantic divergence.
作為考生你需要從下面幾個方面理解一個單詞的意思:
1. Context 語境
Context in its narrowest sense consists of the lexical items that come immediately before and after any word in an act of communication. But, in broader sense, it may cover the whole passage and sometimes the whole book in which a word occurs, and in some cases even the entire social or cultural setting.
2. Linguistic context 語言語境
Linguistic context is lexical, grammatical and verbal context in its broad sense.
3. Extra-linguistic context 語言之外的環境
Extra-linguistic context refers not only to the actual speech situation in which a word is used but also to the entire cultural background against which a word, or an utterance or a speech event is set.
4. Lexical context 辭彙語境
Lexical context refers to the lexical items combined with a given polysemous word.
5. Grammatical context 語法語境
In grammatical context, the syntactic structure of the context determines various individual meanings of a polysemous word.
6. Verbal context 言語語境
The verbal context, in its broadest sense, may cover an entire passage, or even an entire book, and in some cases even the entire social or cultural setting.
7. Ambiguity 歧義
Ambiguity refers to a word, phrase, sentence or group of sentences with more than one possible interpretation or meaning.
8. Lexical ambiguity 辭彙歧義
Lexical ambiguity is caused by polysemy.
9. Structural ambiguity 結構歧義
Structural ambiguity arises from the grammatical analysis of a sentence or a phrase.
除了單詞本身,還經常考相關的表達:
1. Idiom 習語
An English idiom is a group of words with a special meaning different from the meanings of its constituent words. It is a combination of two or more words which are usually structurally fixed and semantically opaque, and function as a single unit of meaning.
2. Phrase idioms 慣用短語
All phrase idioms have a noun, verb, adjective, preposition or an adverb as the central word and correspond to the familiar parts of speech, and are capable of a given syntactic function.
3. Clause idioms 從句成語
Clause idioms or subject-less clause patterns contain objects and / or complements.
4. Sentence idioms 句子成語
The two major types of sentence idioms are proverbs or sayings and typical conversational expressions.
5. Proverbs 諺語
Proverbs are sentences accepted by the people and handed down to the present day because they express some obvious truth or familiar experience in a concise and witty style.
每一套試卷都會有那麼特別難的一兩題在考:
1. Change of word meaning 語義變化
When a word loses its old meaning and comes to refer to something altogether different, the result is a change of word meaning. Broadly speaking, change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words as well as the addition of new meaning to establish words.
2. Restriction of meaning 語義專門化
Restriction of meaning or specialization of meaning means that a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, specialized sense which is applicable to only one of the objects it had previously denoted.
3. Extension of meaning 詞義擴展化
Extension of meaning or generalization means the widening of a word』s sense until it covers much more than what it originally conveyed.
4. Degeneration of meaning 詞義降格
There are two main forms of degeneration or pejoration. One refers to the process where words once respectable or neutral may shift to a less respectable, or even derogatory meaning. The other refers to the weakening of meaning resulting from habitual use of particular words on unsuitable occasions.
5. Elevation of meaning 詞義升格
It refers to the process that the meaning of a word goes uphill.
6. Metaphor 暗喻
Metaphor is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity, in which a word or a phrase ordinarily and primarily used for one thing is applied to another.
7. Metonymy 轉喻
It is a figure of speech by which an object or idea is described by the name of something closely related to it.
因此,與其背5000個詞根簡單詞,不如自己去總結3000個詞根(可以是考研核心辭彙)+變體。如果答主真的去狂讀狂抄5000個辭彙+1個中文意思,我可以告訴答主,會忘的,用不上,考不對。
你的方法就是過時的翻譯法背誦單詞。我只能說,記憶單詞不要背。一開始更是不要看中文。先通過眼睛看熟悉單詞和詞語圖片,通過聽耳朵聽發音,存儲在你的大腦裡面,然後把發音,讀音,聽寫,拼寫,這些搞清楚,搞熟悉,你可以通過打字,寫字,聽寫,發表動態使用這些單詞,最好是通過視頻中的一句話來練習。如果是名詞,實物,看得見的詞語,最好搜索圖片或者視頻練習。這樣就能做到一看到這個東西就能聯想到這個東西的發音,就能脫口而出。比如你看到這個東西,脫口而出是cup。而不是杯子,然後才是cup。明白?
眼睛看熟,耳朵聽熟,聽力口語在前,中文翻譯最後搞。想忘記都難。補充:其他所有人的回答都是翻譯法背誦單詞。那麼多回答都是同一個內容。真是信息垃圾場。謝邀。首先基礎不好一開始可以只背一個意思,並且大部分單詞意思還是比較相近的,至少不同意思褒貶性差不多。還是比較好背的。其次,單詞不是背一次就一勞永逸的,需要一遍一遍的複習。在不斷的複習過程中,鞏固之前的意思,同時嘗試背新的意思。時間久了也就熟練了。最後,背單詞關鍵在於堅持和用心。這才是最關鍵的。
不可取。但是在時間緊任務重的情況下,可以考慮取該單詞的常用詞性中經常出現的意思先背著,畢竟大部分單詞其他詞性的意思一定程度上是相通的,畢竟背單詞是一個翻來覆去的工作。同樣一個單詞,今天你在這篇文章里看到是A意思,明天你在另一個地方看到是B意思。積累辭彙,非專業學英語的且單純為了考試,時間緊任務重,直接挑其主要的英文釋義並輔助記憶其英文同義詞,個人認為不失一個好辦法。專業學英語的或想要精通英語的或熱愛這門語言的或要出國留學的,即使時間緊任務重,背單詞也不能直接記憶其中文意思,要根據原文語境找它的英文釋義。插一句不太相關的話,我們這個階段接觸的辭彙要比初學者/小孩子(哪怕是英語為母語的小孩子)在多樣性,抽象性和複雜性上都要多得多,用看到一個單詞腦袋裡第一反應圖像這個方法來訓練,除了生活用詞之外,顯然不適合浸泡在母語18年以上的成年人了。最後一句,看見單詞先猜,猜不到就只能見一個翻一次詞典了;背單詞,不是背單詞的意思,而是通過它的英文解釋來理解這個單詞的詞義。按照你的情況,基礎薄弱的話,根據一個單詞出現的語境,一次性理解到位一個,並記憶,就行。最最後一句,不建議拿著單詞書背單詞。拿著閱讀材料背單詞,把不會的挑出來,不管是翻詞典還是用詞典軟體,都要提醒自己先看英文解釋喲。(有的時候,正確且簡單的方法就可以算是一個好方法,個人認為這個方法不需要什麼技術含量,見效就看「量」了)
謝邀哦 對於問題我能很肯定的說這是不可取甚至可以說是不可以的,有時候一個單詞一種詞性也是會有很多種意思的,而且有時候這些意思幾乎是完全沒有聯繫的當然啦,這是對於我這個大學dog來說刺激自己好好學習天天向上不停留於應付考試的一種說法,而且今天上午剛考完四級的我就深感自己辭彙量的匱乏,所以說,我還是老老實實記單詞吧……看你說你基礎辭彙和考研辭彙一起背,想來你應該也是大學生吧,一般對辭彙的需求就是做試卷做閱讀吧,所以如果你要求速度而且聯想能力和變通能力比較強的話這樣是可以的,畢竟其實很多單詞了解大致意義方向的話是可以根據上下文推斷出來它的具體情境意義的(也是小白一隻,大晚上塞著耳機躺在床上睡不著來寫的答案,就看看就好,嘿嘿)讓我們一起好好學習創造美好明天吧!!!
不可取但是可以先記下來用處最多的釋義剩下的可以在後期閱讀慢慢積累
肯定是掌握全部比較好……因為詞性不一樣,意思也會有不同……
除了學術方面吧,個人其實並不贊成死背單詞這種做法,我學外語記住的單詞都是從課文、閱讀、聽力、影視等等等等地方來的,一個單詞你光記住意思有啥用呢,你說漢語也不是一個一個詞說出來的,而是一段一段說的對吧?只有連成句子才有用,那時候別說一個意思了,只要是常見的意思你都能記得
謝邀
不可取,基礎不好不是更要多背幾個單詞的意思?! 慢慢積累,沒有捷徑可以。
一般單詞用的都是最常用的那個意義,最多就是詞性上有些變化,理解了-tive -tion -ness之類的後綴之後甚至不用關心單詞的詞性,只需要知道一個大概的意義。
這樣子,不管是在做題的過程中,還是平時閱讀中,你會遇到很多單詞,你大概知道是什麼意思,有一個模糊的方向,有助於你理解全文。這時候你如果查一下,那麼你會對這個單詞有非常深刻的印象。比起死記硬背所有的意思好得多。但是,一切都要結合使用。比如你是備考,那麼題目是最好的場景。如果只是平常學習,那麼自己選一些例句,把單詞套進去,更方便你記憶。
如果你是基礎較差,閱讀題連題目都有點看不懂,平均得0-1分,那麼死命背吧,考研高頻詞那些能背多少就多少。因為這個時候你就像一張白紙,提升的空間巨大無比……當然,你要能堅持下來。不要今天背完明天還是從abandon開始。如果你是基礎還ok,勉強過四級線,那麼單純背單詞的意義不大。這時候結合做題,把真題的完形填空和閱讀都拿出來輪幾遍,裡面不會的單詞都查出來,結合例句——題目就是最好的例句,好好理解單詞的意義,詞性,用法等等。剛開始幾篇可能很痛苦,因為需要查很多,做完五篇就得心應手,並且會愛上這個方法的。這個方法適合四級到六級高分階段選手。
就醬。有的單詞不同詞性也是一個中文釋義來著的。。。
其實吧,有的單詞就常用那一個釋義,尤其是稍微長的難的詞,所以挑出最重要的那個背就夠了。
而有的單詞看似不難,但就是它的「冷」涵義是個點
可取。
平時的大量閱讀是提高辭彙量和理解能力的關鍵。做閱讀的時候遇到一種意思記一種意思,否則記那麼多不用的話很快會忘,而且有些意思確實生僻。
舉個栗子,domestic 一般意思為國內的,內部的,知道這兩個意思足矣。還有個比較偏的意思,圈養的。自從背了這個意思,從來沒有用到過,純屬裝逼用。
但是,我要重點說另外一件事(敲黑板)!不要背單詞!不要背單詞!不要背單詞!背單詞是效率特別低的一件事,老濕我強烈建議在閱讀練習中去擴充辭彙量,不但可以了解辭彙意義,而且還可以了解辭彙的用法。基礎辭彙和考研辭彙一起?背一個考研辭彙不行么?不太理解哦~
哈哈哈 做閱讀理解的時候你就深刻知道不可取了 不記得另一種意思 跟你在這個句子中不認識這個單詞是一樣的效果 但是有一點 如果你做完閱讀理解的時候有認真的去翻譯 對完對錯分析的時候查詞典 再記住它在這個句中的含義也沒什麼影響 但是還是建議你記住它作為名詞,動詞,形容詞,副詞有什麼含義 在每種詞性中還有哪幾個意思 背一遍當然背不全 多走兩遍就好了 記得及時複習~完全沒有問題。背單詞是一個長期的過程,先在最短的時間把單詞過一遍,然後第二遍,第三遍一直到考試。在背第二遍第三遍之後的時候把生僻意思看一下,完全可以記住的。而且這樣背到考前,重複20來遍不是問題
我可以告訴你,非常不可取,這種行為只是自欺欺人,在你面對考試的時候,還是一頭霧水。
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