15、16世紀神聖羅馬帝國內部普遍使用的兵制是什麼樣的?
目前看到過的資料基本上都是以英法、勃艮第以及義大利為主的,但是很少有見提過帝國內部的組織,唯一找到一份就是流傳很久的那篇德意志僱傭兵的翻譯,再之後能看到的就是三十年戰爭的部分了。很好奇15、16世紀的帝國軍事是如何組織的,各個帝國等級的武裝都向僱傭兵靠攏,還是依然保持著封建特徵?帝國騎士是否還有軍事上的意義?胡斯戰爭時已經開始使用僱傭兵了?鎮壓1525農民起義的部隊除了施瓦本的僱傭兵以外其他軍隊是否也是類似的僱傭兵?
不過這好像就是基本到十五、十六世紀的了
封建徵召和僱傭軍並存,具體可以參考發生於1519年,被稱為德意志「最後的騎士之戰」的Battle of Soltau
Changes in the conduct of warfare limited one important conventional function of the knight. The introduction of artillery during the fifteenth century undermined the key role of the knight in medieval warfare. The last battle fought with knights alone was the Battle of Soltau in June 1519, at the climax of the Hildesheim conflict. Equally important, the military success of the Swiss foot soldiers in the
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries encouraged many rulers to turn to mercenaries rather than rely on the traditional forces of knights on horseback. Some nobles were able to make careers as mercenary commanders or even, like Franz von Sickingen, as military entrepreneurs with their own forces, but this precarious path often led to disaster. Mercenaries had to be paid in peace as well as in war, and royal employers such as Charles V were at best reluctant to pay their bills, particularly if the outcome of a campaign was not to their satisfaction經濟上傳統莊園制受到衝擊,政治上受到諸如帝國永久和平法案(Ewigen Reichsfrieden)的威脅以及軍事上火器和職業步兵的愈發重要都動搖了傳統騎士的地位,使得傳統封建騎士模式向專業軍人組織轉變。
儘管如此,帝國境內還是有很多諸如選帝侯的大貴族領能夠按照傳統徵召方式組織起以重騎兵為核心的私兵部隊,在德國農民戰爭期間也參與了鎮壓推薦閱讀:
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