國外的古典學教育是怎麼樣的呢？

01-14

請問在國外念古典學的各位能不能告訴我國外的古典學教育是怎麼樣的？具體是開哪些課看哪些書呢？題主在國內作的論文跟古典學有一定關聯，但是覺得自己基礎非常薄弱，想要加強一下，謝謝各位了。

坐標美國東部一所以古典學見長的文理學院（不是st. john"s）。這學期課程結束了，正好來回答一下。看到樓上 @卡拉貢尼斯有回答為大家介紹了了classical mythology的通識課程的書單，那麼我來補充介紹一下mythology的高階課程的書單好了。

這學期上了一門叫做interpreting mythology的graduate seminar，是一門只有5個同學的小型seminar（和樓上400人的大課形成了鮮明對比）。每周閱讀資料大概是一手文獻和二手文獻對半分，每周大約300-500頁左右（所以如果你在上這門課的同時還在上兩門英語文學課，你的每周閱讀量可以直飈800頁）。討論奧維德的那一周，教授直接布置了整本變形記（！）外加三四篇二手文獻，十分兇殘。寫作量大約是每周一篇800字的針對二手文獻的reading reaction，再加上兩個6頁的小paper和一個20頁的期末大paper。大paper是自己選一個神話來研究，並在期末的時候做presentation與同學老師們交流。我選的是Ganymede，我也有同學選了維納斯的誕生神話（在他的presentation上，我第一次知道了原來維納斯不僅可以從泡沫中誕生，還可以從一顆蛋中誕生）。

每周的閱讀資料都是圍繞該周的主題進行布置的。比如我們會有一周專門討論俄狄浦斯（這一周就會讀弗洛伊德、列維施特勞斯、Propp等人對於俄狄浦斯神話的闡釋），還會有一周專門討論普羅米修斯和潘多拉。其他的幾周會圍繞不同的闡釋神話的方法論，比如我們討論了historical interpretation, allegorical interpretation（讀了很多中世紀allegorist的作品）, ritual interpretation（讀了金枝的選段）, psychological interpretation, 等等。雖然我們的討論範圍雖然以希臘羅馬為主，但並不會局限於the greco-roman circle。埃及神話，印度神話，甚至是羅蘭巴特的神話（！）都被收錄進了syllabus之中。還有什麼比在古典學課堂上討論巴特更幸福的事情呢？

除此之外，掌握古希臘語的研究生同學還被要求參加每周一次的希臘語原典閱讀會（像我這種剛進大學並且希臘語水平為零的學渣當然就沒法參加了）。說到語言要求的話，我校的古典學本科學位有classical language和classical civilization兩個track，前者對希臘語和拉丁語要求比較高，後者幾乎沒有要求。一般來說，學校會建議有志於申請古典學研究生的同學上3+2年的希拉（3年希臘+2年拉丁，或者vice versa），當然最好是4+3。當然，如果在學校沒有選希拉的課，其實也不要緊，因為我們可以暑假去上CUNY的Latin/Greek Institute，參加了這個program相當於在大學裡上了1.5年的希拉。（當然研究生的話還得會歐陸語言，我校的ma要求德法意三選一，phd要求德+法意二選一）

不過雖然有這麼多硬性要求，學校整體來說還是蠻開明的。比如我這樣的大一新生在軟磨硬泡下也能混進研究生課堂（= =），比如非古典學系下的課也能滿足古典學的major requirements（我下學期有一門歷史系下的中世紀魔法課，也能count towards a classics major），比如實在不想學希拉的話也可以走civilization track從古典學系畢業。

關於我這樣一個很水的大一新生是怎麼混進這門課的……其實上大學之前我是堅定地想讀比較文學的，直到在開學前的academic fair上路過了一張我校古典學系的海報。海報上插畫是沃特豪斯的潘多拉。我看到了沃特豪斯的畫非常興奮，高興得原地轉圈圈。站在海報旁邊的古典學教授微笑地看著我，告訴我這是他最喜歡的畫家。我說，巧了，這也是我最喜歡的畫家，and I have published a book on him（無形裝逼最為致命）。在這樣的機緣巧合下我決定去旁聽這位教授的課。第一節課上，教授讓每個同學給出自己關於神話的定義。作為一個完全沒準備好學古典學的學生，我當時大腦一片空白。沒辦法，我只好在情急之中把巴特對於神話的定義複述了一遍。沒想到教授對我的回答很滿意，並且最後讓我enroll了這門課。（當時的我也沒想到巴特會出現在這門課的syllabus中）所以說，關鍵時刻還是文學理論幫了我一把。這個故事告訴我們，美帝的古典學其實是非常interdisciplinary的，文學理論的功底對於古典學的學習來說也是非常重要的。

最後分享一下書單，書單上出現的二手文獻作者基本上都是非常重要的理論家了。

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? Graf, Fritz, 「Myth in Ovid,」 in The Cambridge Companion to Ovid, ed. Philip Hardie, New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 108-121.
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? Grant, Mary, trans. ed., The Myths of Hyginus, University of Kansas Publications: Lawrence, 1960.
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? Harrison, Jane, 「Themis,」 in The Myth and Ritual Theory, ed. Robert Segal, Blackwell, 1998, pp. 58-82.
? Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Tanglewood Tales for Girls and Boys, Houghton, Mifflin Co.: Boston, 1888.

? Hawthorne, Nathaniel, Wonder Book for Girls and Boys, Oxford University Press, (1851) 1996.
? Henrichs, Albert, 「Three Approaches to Greek Mythography,」 in Interpretations of Greek Mythology, ed. J. Bremmer, Barnes Noble: 1986, pp. 242-277.
? Herder, Johann Gottfried, 「Herder"s Excerpts,」 in The Rise of Modern Mythology 1680-1860, eds.Feldman and Richardson, Indiana University Press, 1972, pp. 224-240.
? Heyne, Christian, 「Heyne"s Excerpts,」 in The Rise of Modern Mythology 1680-1860, eds. Feldman and Richardson, Indiana University Press, 1972, pp. 215-223.
? Jackson, Robin, 「Late Platonist Poetics: Olympiodorus and the Myth of Plato"s Gorgias. Greek Literary Theory After Aristotle: A collection of papers in honor of D. M. Schenkeveld. Ed. J.G.J. Abbenes, S.R. Slings, I. Sluiter. VU University Press, Amsterdam, 1995, pp. 275-299.
? Johnston, Sarah Iles, 「Narrating Myths: Story and Belief in Ancient Greece,」 Arethusa 48.2, 2015, pp. 173-218.
? Johnston, Sarah Iles, 「The Greek Mythic Story World,」 Arethusa 48.3, 2015, pp. 283-311.
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? Kerenyi, C., 「Prolegomena,」 in The Science of Mythology, Routledge: London New York, 1985, pp. 1-28.
? Konon, The Diegesis, trans. Egan, unpublished diss., 1971.

? Laks, André, 「Between Religion and Philosophy: the Function of Allegory in the Derveni Papyrus,」 Phronesis XLII.2 (1997), pp. 121-142.
? Laks, André and Most, Glenn, 「A Provisional Translation of the Derveni Papyrus,」 in Studies in the Derveni Papyrus, Laks Most, Oxford, 1997, pp. 9-22.
? Levi-Strauss, Claude, 「The Structural Study of Myth,」 in Structural Anthropology, trans. Claire Jacobsen and Brooke Grundfest Schoepf, Basic Books, Inc., 1963, pp. 206-231.
? Lincoln, Bruce, Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship, University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1999.
? Most, Glenn W., 「From Logos to Mythos,」 in From Myth to Reason?: Studies in the Development of Greek Thought, ed. Buxton, Oxford, 1999, pp. 25-50.
? Most, Glenn, 「The Fire Next Time: Cosmology, Allegoresis, and Salvation in the Derveni Papyrus,」 Journal of Hellenic Studies 117 (1997), pp. 117-135.
? Müller, Friedrich Max, 「Comparative Mythology,」 in The Rise of Modern Mythology 1680-1860, eds. Feldman and Richardson, Indiana University Press, 1972, pp. 48-487.
? Müller, Karl Otfried, 「Excerpts,」 in The Rise of Modern Mythology 1680-1860, eds. Feldman and Richardson, Indiana University Press, 1972, pp. 416-425.
? Nietzsche, Friedrich, Birth of Tragedy, trans. Fadiman, Dover Books, 1995.
? Obbink, Dirk, 「Allegory and Exegesis in the Derveni Papyrus: The Origin of Greek Scholarship」 Metaphor, allegory, and the classical tradition : ancient thought and modern revisions, edited by G.R. BoysStones. Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 177-188.

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? Parthenius, Erotika Pathemata, trans. and notes Jacob Stern, Garland Publishing, New York, 1992.
? Peradotto, John, 「Oedipus and Erichthonius: Some Observations on Paradigmatic and Syntagmatic Order,」 in Oedipus: A Folklore Casebook, ed. Edmunds and Dundes, University of Wisconsin Press, 1983, pp. 179-196.
? Porphyry, The Cave of the Nymphs in the Odyssey, Arethusa, 1969.
? Propp, Vladimir, 「Oedipus in the Light of Folklore,」 in Oedipus: A Folklore Casebook, ed. Edmunds and Dundes, University of Wisconsin Press, 1983, pp. 76-121.
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? Segal, Robert, 「Greek Myth and Psychoanalysis,」 in Approaches to Greek Myth, The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, 2nd edition, 2014, pp. 407-455.
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謝邀。

我只能談談美國大學本科的古典學教育。

古典學對於美國人來說，就相當於上古中華歷史、神話、文學等等之於中國人，說近不近，說遠也不那麼遠。所以，大學裡的古典學教育既包括面向所有學生的通識課程，也有面向本專業高年級學生的高階課程。

在通識階段，課程的標題里一般有以下關鍵字：

Mythology/Religion：學習神話與宗教
Literature in Translation：學習翻譯成英語後的古典文學
Civilization/Archaeology：學習關於古典文明的歷史
Greek/Latin：學習語言，往往也是通過閱讀古典文學的方式，但因為是讀原文，一般只會選擇非常經典與大眾的作品

我列一下我當年上Classical Mythology時的書單：

1. Euripides, Medea and Other Plays (Morwood, trans., Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 0199537968)
2. Fugard, A., Statements (Theater Communication Group, 1993, ISBN 0930452615)
3. Homer, Odyssey (Hackett, 2000, ISBN 0872204847)
4. Ruhl, S., Eurydice (Samuel French, Inc., 2008, ISBN 0573662444)
5. Sophocles, The Theban Plays (Hackett, 2003, ISBN 0872205851)
6. Sophocles, Philoctetes (Phillips, trans., Oxford University Press, 2003 ISBN 0195136578)

這就是一門完全的大通識課（一共400名學生，嚇尿我了）。考慮到學生的知識背景普遍不深，也不一定對古典學有著多麼濃厚的興趣，書籍的選擇上主要還是以「有趣」為第一考量。另外，書單里既有像荷馬史詩、歐里庇得斯劇作與索福克勒斯劇作這樣的古希臘經典，同時更有像Sarah Ruhl的Eurydice與Athol Fugard的Statements這樣基於古希臘題材的現代文學作品，以求「與時代接軌」。

而高階課程的具體內容就五花八門了。可以專註於某個地理方位（比如古羅馬的某某行省），也可以專註於社會中的某個領域（比如巫術），又或者專註於某個特定時期（比如拜占庭時期的古希臘語）。但是總的來說，不外乎是通識課程那些內容的細分與精研。

我上Ancient Greek Magic的閱讀材料是：

Selected ancient texts in translation and key scholarly...

這門課十幾個學生吧，一般都是古典學系的大三大四。由於領域比較窄，就不太可能找到一本完全適合與涵蓋的教材了。我們讀的文章來自於好幾十本書，都是教授根據每周不同的內容，從各類史料、研究書籍、學術期刊等等中掃描再發給學生的（要是這幾十本書都得學生自己掏錢買，估計要哭死）。

大概就是這樣，有什麼問題可以留言問我。

這是日本的教程

謝邀。不過估計幫不了題主。

日本的情況是先學會古希臘語或者拉丁語不然什麼都免談。

這樣講可能沒有概念，我拿東京大學的西洋古典的研究生考試舉個例子。

考試總共5道題，希臘語和拉丁語的散文詩歌各一篇。2選1*2。詩歌沒興趣所以沒怎麼讀，希臘語的散文一直是柏拉圖，拉丁語基本的話西塞羅比較多。再加一道西洋古典方面的論述題，今年考的是奴隸制。

京都大學只要你會其中一門語言就行，不過難度也相應提高。

題主說自己基礎薄弱大概就是指西洋古典的一般知識吧？這邊教授的專攻各式各樣，荷馬史詩，柏拉圖哲學，田園詩，辯論術什麼的，一般性的知識靠的還是自己看書。萬幸的是京都大學古典功力深厚出了本《西洋古典學事典》，基礎的基礎基本就靠這貨了。（紙質書37000日元，ipad的app10000日元）英語和中文的類書沒有看過，不過補基礎的話可能還是先看看百科全書式的事典比較好。

如果是希臘語和拉丁語的基礎薄弱的話，短期內基本補不出來。一定要補的話我推薦專攻拉丁語，中文的教材用韋洛克就行。迅速幹掉這本教材然後上高盧戰記或者西塞羅的各種de系列散文。快的話大概3個月左右可以翻著詞典渾水摸魚了。

最後可以搜搜tufts perseus這個關鍵字。

加一段：日本這邊的古典學和老師就是一起讀文獻，讀的過程中有什麼點講什麼點。整體的梳理和基礎的積累都要靠自己自學。大學階段是這樣，大學院也是這樣。東大和京大的區別在於日本古典學會基本紮根於京大，那邊人多post多氛圍估計比關東熱烈一點吧。（想像）

日本的西洋古典基本上就是文獻，考古學另外有專業。大學院裡面怎麼樣不是很清楚，反正考古學會和西洋古典學會的交集不是很大。

厚著臉皮給上面的答主們補充一下，如果題主主要是想加強語言基礎的話，有幾本書是我們曾經用過、用來打基礎的教材（從易到難）：

Historia Apollonii regis Tyri

Cicero"s Somnium Scipionis.

Nepos" De Viris Illustribus

Boethius" De Consolatione Philosophiae

看完之後應該可以提升一個檔次的語言水平…