如果HR392通過會對中國職業移民有什麼影響？

01-13

HR392 H.R.392 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act of 2017 要求去除「歧視性」的出生國家配額，請從正在等待綠卡的中國公民，和已經拿到綠卡的中國人兩個角度分析，並闡述這個政策對整體上對華人移民的長期影響。

Sponsor該法的的眾議員Chaffetz已經宣布18年退下來不幹了，換了sponsor, Yoder, R-Kansas-3rd

07/11/2017-2:07pm

ASSUMING FIRST SPONSORSHIP - Mr. Yoder asked unanimous consent that he may hereafter be considered as the first sponsor of H.R. 392, a bill originally introduced by Representative Chaffetz, for the purpose of adding cosponsors and requesting reprintings pursuant to clause 7 of rule XII. Agreed to without objection.

Action By: House of Representatives

一個bill通過的步驟在這裡，HR392前途多舛。你要是在美國，最好的方法是給你選區的congressman/Congresswoman寫信和打電話告訴他們你支持HR392，希望他們也能投票支持HR392。只是有簽證也可以去聯繫，因為你拿了綠卡後離選民也就一步之遙了。

Chaffetz和Yoder都是Republican. 放我制的餅圖

不言而喻

Bill Becomes Law

So how exactly does a bill become a law? While not all bills are the same, below you will find a basic step-by-step accounting of how a bill becomes public law.

Beginning of a Bill

An idea for a bill may come from anybody, however only Members of Congress can introduce a bill in Congress. Bills can be introduced at any time the House is in session.

There are four basic types of legislation: bills; joint resolutions; concurrent resolutions; and simple resolutions.

A bill"s type must be determined. A private bill affects a specific person or organization rather than the population at large. A public bill is one that affects the general public.

Proposal of a Bill

After the idea for a bill is developed and the text of the bill is written, a Member of Congress must officially introduce the bill in Congress by becoming the bill"s sponsor.

Representatives usually sponsor bills that are important to them and their constituents.

Representatives who sponsor bills will try to gain support for them, in hopes that they will become laws.

Two or more sponsors for the same bill are called co-sponsors.

Introduction of a Bill HR392目前處在這個階段

Bills can be introduced whenever the House is in session.

In the House, bills are officially introduced by placing them in a special box known as the hopper, which is located at the rostrum, or Speaker"s platform. In the Senate, a bill is introduced by placing it on the presiding officer"s desk or by formally introducing it on the Senate Floor.

In the House, a bill clerk assigns the bill a number. House bills begin with "H.R." Resolutions begin with "H. Res.," "H. Con. Res.," or "H. J. Res," depending what type they are. Senate bills begin with "S."

The first reading of a bill means the bill"s title is read on the House Floor. The bill is then referred to a committee for markup.

The Library of Congress then receives an electronic copy of the bill and posts the bill and its status on Congress Bill Search, a public website.

Committee Action

The bill is referred to the appropriate committee. The 19 House standing committees and 16 Senate committees each have jurisdiction over different areas of public policy, such as agriculture, education and the workforce, and international relations.

The bill is placed on the committee"s calendar.

The committee debates on and marks up the proposed bill, and may or may not make changes to it.

Committee members vote to accept or reject the changes made during the markup session.

If a bill includes many amendments, the committee may decide to introduce a "clean bill" with a new number.

The committee votes on the bill after it has been debated and/or amended.

A committee may stop action, or "table" a bill it deems unwise or unnecessary.

Congress Bill Search, a Library of Congress website, posts the status of the bill and updates on major action taken on the bill. Each version of the text of a bill is posted on Congress Bill Search, under Text of Legislation.

If the bill is not tabled, it will be sent either to a subcommittee for intensive study, or reported back to the House Floor.

Subcommittee Action

The bill is referred to a subcommittee, and placed on its calendar.

The bill is carefully studied. The subcommittee may hold hearings to obtain the views of experts, supporters, and opponents.

The bill is tabled when the subcommittee deems it unwise or unnecessary.

If changes are needed, the subcommittee will meet to mark up the bill.

Subcommittee members vote to accept or reject the changes.

If the subcommittee accepts the bill, the bill is sent back to the full committee for approval or rejection.

Congress Bill Search, from the Library of Congress website, receives updates on the status of the bill from the subcommittee and posts the most recent major action on the bill.

The Bill is Reported

The bill is released from the committee, along with a report explaining the provisions of the bill, and is thus ordered reported.

The reported bill is put on one of five House calendars, the Union Calendar and the House Calendar being the most commonly used.

The bill is sent to the House Floor for consideration.

Congress Bill Search, a Library of Congress website, receives updates on the status of the bill from the committee and posts the most recent major action.

The Bill is Considered on the House Floor

A bill can come to the House Floor for consideration in a variety of ways. Many House bills are debated through a parliamentary device known as the Committee of the Whole, which is a mechanism that permits faster consideration.

Floor action begins and Members debate the bill.

The conduct of debate is dictated by the Rules of the House generally, and may also be governed by a special rule granted specifically for the bill under consideration.

Following debate, the second reading of the bill begins in a section-by-section manner, during which amendments may be offered.

At the conclusion of all amendment debate, the bill is read a third time.

Next, the House is ready to vote on the bill.

Current Floor Proceedings including major actions on bills are posted for public view on the website of the Clerk of the House.

The Congress Bill Search website by the Library of Congress receives an electronic copy of the debate as it appears in the Congressional Record, prepared by the Clerk of the House. The latest major action on a bill is posted on the Congress Bill Search website.

The Bill is Put to a Vote

The bill is read by title only and put to a vote.

Members in attendance will vote to pass or not to pass the bill.

Members most often vote electronically in the House Chamber using the Electronic Voting System. Members of the Senate cast their votes by non-electronic means.

Roll Call votes cast by the U.S. House of Representatives are recorded in the House Journal, the Congressional Record, and posted on the website of the Clerk of the House.

Members may vote "Yea" for approval, "Nay" for disapproval, or "Present" to record that they were in attendance but chose not to vote.

If a majority of the House votes to pass the bill, the bill is then referred to the Senate to undergo a similar process of approval.

The Congress Bill Search website logs the Roll Number for a vote under "Bill Status."

http://joinrca.org

The Bill is Referred to the Senate

When a bill passes in the House, it must also pass in the Senate in order to become a law. The two houses of Congress make up the bicameral legislature, part of a system of checks and balances that ensures that laws are created democratically.

Once the bill and its amendments has been officially passed by the House and certified by the Clerk, it is said to be "engrossed."

In the Senate, the bill again may be sent to a committee for study or markup.

Members may choose to ignore the bill and continue to work on their own legislation.

Members may vote to pass or not to pass the bill.

If the bill passes with different language, it must be sent for review to a conference committee, which is a committee made up of members from both the House and the Senate.

Differences must be agreed upon before the bill is sent to the President for signature. At this point the bill is "enrolled."

The Congress Bill Search website logs the latest major action on the bill under "Bill Status."

The Bill is sent to the President

When a bill passes in the House and Senate and is sent to the President for a signature, it is said to be enrolled.

The President can take one of several possible actions:

The president may take no action. If Congress is in session, the bill automatically becomes law after ten days.

A pocket veto occurs when the president takes no action and Congress has adjourned its session. In this case, the bill dies and does not become a law.

The president may decide that the bill is unwise or unnecessary and veto the bill.

The president may sign the bill, and the bill becomes law.

The Congress Bill Search website indicates when a bill is sent to the President and whether it becomes law.

The Bill Becomes a LawOR

If the President signs the bill, or takes no action while Congress is in session, then the bill becomes a law.

If Congress overrides a presidential veto, the bill becomes a law.

New public and private laws are prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).

Congress Bill Search lists public laws by law number.

The Bill is Vetoed

If the President decides a bill is unwise or unnecessary, the President does not sign the bill, but issues an official statement of objections to the bill called a veto.

The President can veto a bill indirectly by withholding approval of the bill until Congress has adjourned sine die. This informal way of preventing a bill from becoming a law is called a pocket veto.

When the President issues a veto, the bill returns to its House of origin.

Objections to the veto are read and debated on the House Floor.

If there are enough objections in the House to the presidential veto, a vote is taken to override (see Step 13), or overrule, the veto.

If the House does not vote on a veto override, the bill is stalled and does not become a law.

A tally of presidential vetoes and pocket vetoes is available on the Clerk"s website in Historical Highlights.

The Veto is Overridden

If enough Members object to the presidential veto, a vote is taken to override, or overrule the veto.

A two-thirds vote or greater is needed in both the House and the Senate to override the President"s veto. If two-thirds of both houses of Congress vote successfully to override the veto, the bill becomes a law.

If the House and Senate do not override the veto, the bill "dies" and does not become a law.

謝邀，這個出生國家配額的東西是比較典型的「結果平等」思路。初衷是為了保證移民的"diveristy"，對居民來源國進行比較統一的配額限制。例如一個國家移民不能超過當年全部移民總額的7%，問題在於，世界上國家的人口不是一樣的，梵蒂岡，盧森堡就是全國移民美國也根本無法達到那7%，而中，印則被這7% 卡的遙遙無期。

因為前幾天有人提到，所以我看了一下，這個並沒有完全「去除」出生國家配額，而是提高了上限從7% 到 25%。（如果沒記錯），如果能通過，對現階段等待綠卡的人來說是非常利好的。等於說把人口不均造成的排大隊的情況有所緩解。

但任何政策/法律要放在一個整體來看。我的問題包括：

1。這個High-skilled 如何定義？ fraud 的情況如何避免與監控？尤其是海外學歷，會不會繼續出現ＩＣＣ大量造假行為？

2。如何分配優先順序，理論上應該是美國本土學歷&>海外學歷。理工科&>其他，真正的操作則不一定。

3。我個人認為應該對理工科學位開闢綠卡綠色通道，即STEM 綠卡，尤其是要盡量留住博士們。只修改配額屬於操作層面的小改而已。　

4。任何沒有實錘的，僅在於政策討論層面的消息都很無聊，H4 EAD取消，H1b卡，STEM綠卡加現在的這個HR都屬於這個層面。。。每年國會通過的議案也就是在2%左右，我個人更願意對成型的法案/政策進行討論。　

謝邀，很抱歉我對移民的事情並不清楚。

我個人對移民的態度就是反對其他國家對中國人移民設置任何的條件與制約。

簡單說就是所有中國公民應當擁有自由移民其他任何國家與地區的權利，沒有其他任何附加條件。除此之外，我不接受其他任何法律法規，這是我對移民態度。

這個法案和已經拿到綠卡的移民沒什麼關係，主要針對職業移民轉綠的出生國配額。

這個法案的大背景是，職業移民受到排期影響最大的，主要是印度和中國，這是現在的排期情況。

那麼如果HR392通過，不外乎以下兩種情況。

第一種，backlog很快被清空，皆大歡喜，普天同慶。

第二種，前期卡在那裡的老印實在太多，變綠的小船說翻就翻。這對老中來說也不是壞事，把一個本來只有兩國屁民受影響，根本不被人重視的事，變成了全球屁民一起倒霉的事，你說結果會怎樣呢？

最後，如果這個法案搭不上這個月談DACA的大船，最樂觀的估計是中期選舉後有人會討論這事，但我覺得2020大選前都不再有人提及。

這種法案不能體現川普時代的政治正確，優先度肯定非常後，等修牆，廢除DACA，非法移民大搜捕遣返，合法移民停止steal American"s jobs這些體現川普治下政治正確的事情都實現了以後再做幻想吧。

極大概率通不過，且感覺現在離眾議員投票還差得遠。

通不過的，對烙印老中勞模有好處的法案通過了直播切*好吧。