熊貓血朋友一旦急需輸血，經常因血庫不足危在旦夕，為什麼各省不建立一個熊貓血的群呢？

朋友的家人生病需輸血，卻因是熊貓血而找不到血源。聽了這個消息非常擔憂，老公也是熊貓血，但血型不對也不能幫忙。我在想如果熊貓血的朋友們能建立一個網路群，以地區為單位，自願為原則，真有需要的話能夠互相幫忙，這樣行得通嗎？如果可以，為什麼很少聽說這樣的團體呢？

中國有稀有血型聯盟，各地也有分會。下邊是一則China daily （Shanghai）對上海市稀有血型聯盟主席謝英峰的報道，全文地址鏈接，Blood, sweat and tears。本人全文中文翻譯如下。希望對你有所幫助。

Xie Yingfeng, the head of Shanghai RH Union, talks about his passion and experiences in managing donation efforts for a very rare type of blood in China that only 3 out of 1,000 people have

謝英峰是上海RH陰性血型聯盟的主席。 他向我們講述了他為稀有血型群體進行血液捐助工作的激情和經歷。 這一稀有血型在中國人群中佔千分之三。

Having become jaded with the pursuit of material wealth, Xie Yingfeng recently quit his job as a construction materials salesman to focus on helping those who are in the same shoes as him.

由於對物質財富的追求產生了厭倦， 謝英峰最近辭掉了建築材料銷售的工作，從而更加專註於幫助和他處於相同處境的人。

The blood that courses through Xie"s veins is Rh-negative. In China, only three out of every 1,000 people have such blood, which has been dubbed "panda blood" because of its rarity.

謝先生的血型為Rh陰性，在中國，僅僅有千分之三的人具有這一血型，正因為比較稀有，這種血型被稱為「」熊貓血「。」

There are four blood types in humans: A, B, AB, and O. Each blood type also has a Rhesus factor which makes it either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-). Generally, Rh-negative patients can only receive Rh-negative blood. Rh-positive patients, on the other hand, can receive blood from Rh positive and Rh negative donors.

人群中一共有四種血型，分別為A， B, AB和O型。 在每種血型中，按照紅細胞表面是否存在Rh因子 又分為Rh 陽性或者Rh陰性。 通常情況下，Rh陰性患者僅僅可以接受來自Rh陰性捐獻者的血液。相反，Rh陽性患者可接受來自Rh陽性、或Rh陰性捐獻者的血液。

According to Xie, many people do not know their blood factor until something unfortunate happens and they require a blood transfusion, which makes it more difficult to find a donor.

據謝先生介紹，很多人直到意外發生需要輸血時，才知曉他們的血型，這給及時尋找合適的捐獻者帶來了困難。

The 38-year-old has for the past 12 years been a member of Shanghai RH Union, a non-profit organization comprising volunteers who all have this rare blood type. Every year, the organization helps around 40 people who require such blood during a medical emergency.

這位38歲的謝先生已經在上海RH陰性血型聯盟做了12年。這是一個由具有這一稀有血型的志願者組成的非盈利性組織。每年，該組織大約幫助40名左右需要輸注該血型血液的患者。

Because the process of coordinating blood donations is a tedious one - he could receive as many as 200 phone calls a day from patients" families, fellow volunteers and blood donors - Xie decided to quit his full-time job to focus on helping others.

謝先生說，為Rh陰性患者聯繫血液捐獻是一個非常耗時耗力的過程，他有時一天可以接到來自患者家庭及志願者的近200多個電話。正因為此，他決定辭掉他目前的工作，全心全意幫助他人。

"It"s hard for me to do a 9-5 office job as my phone is constantly ringing," said Xie, who is today the head of the Shanghai RH Union.

謝先生目前是上海稀有血型聯盟的主席，他說，由於每天電話鈴聲不斷，我很難專註於我的朝九晚五的辦公室工作。

Xie is not being paid by the union and he currently has no concrete plans on how to put bread on the table, though he is considering selling food unique to his hometown in Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, on social media platforms.

謝先生在稀有血型聯盟是無償工作，目前他對如何獲得收入來養家糊口還沒有具體的計劃。他初步考慮將在社交平台銷售他的家鄉新疆烏魯木齊特色食物。

A chance discovery （一次意外的發現）

Xie first found out he has Rh-negative blood in 2005 when he and his wife went to a hospital in Urumqi for a pre-marital health check-up.

謝先生是2005年與妻子在烏魯木齊一家醫院進行婚前檢查時得知他是Rh陰性血型的。

Upon receiving the results of his blood test, Xie realized a group of doctors and nurses were elbowing their way through the crowd to have a look at the report. The doctor told Xie to undergo another test.

他記得，拿到他的血液檢查結果後，一群醫生和護士簇擁到他跟前，要看檢查結果。醫生還告訴他要進行第二次檢查。

When two blood tests showed the same findings, the doctor then suggested that Xie get a third opinion at the largest hospital in Xinjiang. The result was the same.

兩次檢查結果一模一樣，他的醫生讓他去新疆最大的醫院再次檢查，結果與前相同。

Because Xie didn"t have a computer at home, his wife looked up information about the blood type at her office.

當時謝先生家裡並沒有電腦，他的妻子就在辦公室的電腦上查詢了關於這一血型的相關信息。

"Take good care of yourself and don"t get into fights. If you"re injured, it"s going to be difficult to find people to donate blood for you," was what Xie"s wife jokingly told him.

了解相關信息後，他的妻子開玩笑道：你以後要好好注意，不要打架，如果你受傷了需要輸血，很難找到人來幫助你。

Xie has never required a blood transfusion. Instead, he has since that day donated 10,000 cc of blood, more than twice the total amount in an adult.

謝先生並沒有陷入過需要輸血的困境。相反，他目前已經累計為他人無償捐獻10000毫升血液，這比一個成人體內血液總量的2倍還要多。

He made his first donation not long after he got married, heeding the call of a local newspaper to help a pregnant woman who was in critical condition during labor. Although more than 30 people came forward to help, Xie was the only suitable donor as they both have AB negative blood, a type so rare only 0.1 percent of Asians have it.

他在他結婚後不久就完成了他的第一次血液捐獻。他從一個本地報紙了解到一個產婦在生產過程中出現緊急狀況，需要輸血。當時一共有超過30個人前來幫忙，只有謝先生是唯一合適的人選，因為他和那名產婦血型一致，均為AB型RH陰性血，這一血型在亞洲群體中僅佔千分之一。

Eager to save a life, Xie rolled up his sleeves and told the nurse to "draw as much as you want". He was told that a person can only donate a maximum of 400 cc at one time.

謝先生非常想幫助這名產婦，他當時挽起他的衣袖，告訴護士，「你想抽多少就抽多少血」。護士告訴他每人每次最多僅可捐獻400毫升血液。

"If I were not there, there would have been nobody who could help," said Xie, who added that it was this very incident that compelled him to do more to help others.

謝先生回憶道，「當時如果我不在場，就沒有人可以幫助那名產婦了」。他還說正是那次事件，促使了他想要貢獻更多來幫助他人。

He soon joined China Rh Union, a Beijing-based non-profit organization that currently has more than 50,000 Rh-negative blood donors. When he moved to Shanghai in 2007, Xie became the regional head of the city"s union.

不久他便加入了中國稀有血型聯盟，這一組織位於北京，是一個由超過50000 Rh陰性人群組成的非盈利性組織。謝先生2007年移居到上海，並成為了上海市稀有血型聯盟的主席。

The role of regional heads is to collect information on patients who need rare blood, verify the information, disseminate the message to volunteers and look for donors. While many people are eager to help, not everyone is suitable, and it is up to Xie to find the eligible candidate.

這一組織的區域主管的職責是收集需要輸血的稀有血型患者信息，對信息進行核實後，將信息告訴志願者，以尋找核實的捐獻者。儘管很多志願者都非常樂意幫助，但並不是每個人的情況都適合捐獻。謝先生的工作便是為患者找到合適的捐獻者。

For example, a person cannot donate blood within a week after consuming medication. Women who are menstruating or are breastfeeding cannot do so either. In addition, people can only donate blood once every six months.

例如，一周內有過藥物攝入史的志願者不能捐獻，處於月經期或哺乳期的女性不能捐獻。而且，兩次捐獻間隔時長不得小於六個月。

Spreading the word（廣而告之）

While details about the union can be found through online searches, Xie believes that only a minority of patients actually know about the organization. Furthermore, most people aren"t sure of their blood factor. Tests for blood factor are only conducted during voluntary pre-marital checkups and pregnancy examinations in big cities and when people donate their blood or need a blood transfusion.

謝先生認為，儘管通過網路搜索可以找到稀有血型聯盟的信息，只有很少部分患者知道這一組織。而且，很多人不知道他們的血型。血型檢查只有在自願的婚前檢查，孕期檢查，或者捐獻血液或者需要輸血時才會進行。

In order to grow the pool of blood donors, the union in China has raised nearly 100,000 yuan ($14,526) for a campaign - it will be launched later this year - to encourage Chinese to undergo medical tests to determine their blood types.

為了壯大志願者隊伍，中國稀有血型聯盟已經籌集了近100,000元人民幣，這些資金將用於今年的一項活動，旨在鼓勵國人進行血型檢測以便了解自己的血型。

"We are cooperating with two hospitals in Beijing and one in Langfang, Hebei province. We will be advertising to the public that we have 1,000 people who can perform the blood test for free," said Wang Yong, head of China Rh Union.

中國稀有血型聯盟主席王勇（音譯）說，「我們在和位於北京的兩家醫院和河北廊坊的一家醫院開展合作，將向公眾宣傳我們有1000個免費血液檢查的名額。」

The union will also be working to improve the processes at blood centers so as to ensure that donated blood is used efficiently. Wang, whose full-time job is a receptionist in a scenic spot in Beijing, explained that current regulations stipulate that blood has to be used within 35 days after it is drawn from a donor. If it isn"t utilized, it has to be discarded.

這一組織也將開展工作來改善捐獻的血液在血液中心的處理過程，以確保這些血液被有效利用。王先生是一個北京旅遊景點的招待員。他解釋道，目前規定捐獻血液必須在35天內使用掉。否則， 血液將被丟棄掉。

"When donors see that their blood is not utilized after having spent so much effort to donate it, they may become less willingly to do so the second time round," said Wang.

王先生還說，當捐獻者看到他們付出很大辛苦捐獻出的血液並沒有被利用之後，下次需要捐獻時他們的熱情將大大降低。

"Each time I see news coverage about people swarming to blood centers to donate blood after a disaster, I believe benevolence is never in shortage in the society. A better system for blood donation and management, however, is definitely needed," he added.

他還說，每次當我看到災難發生時，很多人湧向血液中心獻血的新聞報道，我就知道這個社會並不缺乏善意。這個社會需要的是更好的血液捐獻及管理系統。

Dealing with dilemmas （兩難的抉擇）

Although the number of union members have grown over the years, Xie said that some have left after encountering incidents where they failed to save a life.

謝先生說，儘管聯盟的成員在這幾年有所增加，但是一些成員遭遇了失敗的救助經歷之後已經離開。

"People are very enthusiastic about helping others when they first join the union. But upon encountering failure, it"s hard for some people to get back up," said Xie.

謝先生說，志願者開始加入組織的時候，想幫助他人的熱情非常高，但是遇到失敗時，他們很難繼續保持這種熱情。

One such incident took place a few years ago. After being notified that a 7-year-old girl with leukemia was in need of Rh-negative blood, Xie immediately set out in search of a suitable donor. The person he found was on a business trip in Henan province and this individual had specially booked a flight back to Shanghai just to help. However, the girl died around the same time the donor arrived at the hospital.

這樣的失敗幾年前有過一次。當時，謝先生收到消息稱，一個7歲的白血病女孩需要輸血，他迅速開始尋找合適的捐獻者。他找到了一個志願者，但是這名志願者在河南出差。為了幫助小女孩，這名志願者特地訂了返回上海的機票。但是，這名女孩在志願者到達醫院的同時去世了。

"Many of the volunteers couldn"t sleep that night. The person who flew back to rescue the girl even started blaming himself, saying that he should not even have gone on the business trip," said Xie.

謝先生說，那天晚上很多志願者無法入眠。那名從河南飛回上海的志願者甚至開始埋怨自己，說要是他當時不去出差就好了。

Xie said that some union members had left because they realized how lucrative donating blood can be. While there are laws that prohibit the sale of blood in China, illegal blood collection agencies still exist. Xie said that 400 cc of rare blood can fetch up to 20,000 yuan on the black market.

謝先生說，聯盟的一些成員離開是因為他們意識到了捐獻自己的血液可以獲得極大的利益。儘管中國明令禁止販賣血液，非法血液採集中心仍然存在。謝先生說在黑市，400毫升的熊貓血可以賣到20000元人民幣。

The biggest challenge of the job, Xie said, is having to decide whether to organize a donation effort for someone with a low chance of survival. For instance, in May last year, the father of a 2-year-old boy who was suffering from kidney failure approached Xie to help find 3,000 cc of Rh-negative blood for the operation. As difficult as it was, Xie declined to help.

謝先生說，他的工作最大的挑戰是，他必須決定是否應該為低生存率的患者尋求血液捐助。例如，去年5月份，一個患有腎衰竭的2歲男孩的父親找到了他， 希望他能夠幫忙聯繫到3000毫升Rh陰性血用於手術。由於這一求助很難實現，謝先生拒絕了。

"The hospital said that there was only a very small chance of success. In order to get 3,000 cc of blood, we needed to find eight donors. These donors might be able to save eight other patients who have a much better chance of survival," said Xie.

謝先生說，醫院方面說這名男孩手術成功的概率很低。要獲得3000毫升血液捐獻，我們需要找到8名志願者。這些志願者或許可以幫助到其他8個有更高生存率的患者。

He later found out that the parents resorted to buying blood from illegal dealers. The boy, however, did not survive the operation.

他後來發現這對父母從不法分子那裡買到了需要的血液。然而，他們的孩子還是沒能從手術中存活下來。

"I face overwhelming pressure in such cases from the volunteers, the patients" family and my friends. But after all these years, I"ve become more rational, or perhaps you can even say numb. But the truth is that we can"t always provide timely help to everyone," said Xie.

謝先生總結到，遇到這種案例時，我面臨來自志願者，患者家庭以及我的朋友的巨大壓力，但是這麼多年過去了，我變得更加理智，你或者也可以說麻木的。但事實真相是我們不能總是為每一個人提供及時的幫助。

我大學時偶然獻血得知了自己是RH-B型血，之後每年生日都會收到紅十字的祝福簡訊：）。我的親人們都不是熊貓血，怕他們過度擔心我也沒敢告訴他們我的血型，所以匿名回答了。先告訴大家稀有血型有多寶貴：

目前很多省市都有民間的熊貓血互助組織，紅十字好像也開始建立類似的互助血庫了。這種組織的存在是非常必要的，國內稀有血型常年備血不足，做手術前基本都需要患者自己尋找互助獻血，而一個家庭里往往只有一個稀有血型者所以必須依靠社會力量。而且現在還存在血販子，如果縱容血液交易那麼不僅用血安全無法保障，總有一天會有人因為貧窮而無血可用。雖然我在紅十字獻過血但是他們並沒有組織我加入類似群體，目前我是以獻血志願者身份加入北京地區的「稀有血型永和救援」團隊，在此以我的親身經歷為這個公益團隊打個call。

我在2016年成為「北京稀有血型永和救援」團隊的獻血志願者，今年4月第一次參加互助獻血，幫一位需要動手術的老奶奶備血400cc，老人有好幾個孩子但無奈都不是熊貓血，我到醫院的時候老爺爺也在陪護，80多歲的老人在走廊里拉著我的手一直感謝我。整個獻血過程耗時半天，奔波70公里（北京太大了），完全自願、無償，不收用血者一分錢，不過團隊的公益基金提供了5天意外保險和100多元的交通補助，總之是一次很舒心的救助行動。目前我已經準備成為長期志願者，每年獻血一次幫助別人。

團隊介紹：「北京稀有血型永和救援」團隊成立於2013年，多年來秉承「自救、互助、公益」的初心，致力於稀有血型人員的用血救助和救援、宣導無償獻血事業、科普稀有血型知識；為稀有血型孕產婦提供諮詢解答；堅持製作發放科普手冊等活動，並和各地陰性血志願者長期保持順暢的溝通，做好日常的應急救助。......自2013年到2017年7月，「北京稀有血型永和救援」團隊共參與稀有血型用血救助487次，獻全血量約為127600CC，血小板為83個單位（「永和救援」團隊的血液基本上都是應急救援而用），對北京地區臨床用血做出了極大貢獻......

團隊的救援方式：強調一下這個團隊是無償救援，不向用血者收一分錢！而且多數是應急救援，也就是一對一的向用血者提供互助獻血。當用血者需要自己尋找互助獻血時就可以聯繫永和團隊負責人，提供用血者的治療信息（身份信息、所在醫院、主治醫師等）以便團隊核實，核實之後我們這些志願者就會積極響應啦。

救援過程：用血者聯繫團隊並提供真實信息——團隊核實後發布救助需求——獻血志願者響應——志願者趕到用血者所在醫院——在醫院填寫互助獻血單——去北京血液中心體檢、獻血——志願者工作結束，用血者家屬持獻血證和互助獻血單返回醫院等待用血——用血完成後家屬將獻血證送還給志願者。

如何成為稀有血型志願者：通過微信或QQ提出加入，提供自己的獻血證或驗血單，核實血型後就可以成為志願者啦。聯繫方式：

補充一下：因為應急救援的獻血時間通常都比較緊迫，目前這個團隊只在北京和周邊地區開展救助，其他省市肯定也有相應組織，稀有血型朋友們可以找找。我堅信互助獻血可以讓稀有血型者不再孤單，能讓我們更加安全、更幸福的生活。