為什麼土耳其統治下的阿爾巴尼亞人大多改信了伊斯蘭教？

01-13

而土耳其統治下的巴爾幹其他民族(如希臘人，保加利亞人)大多仍然信東正教

閑來無事，將匿名用戶的英文內容嘗試翻譯一下：

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伊斯蘭教是在14世紀通過奧斯曼帝國傳播到阿爾巴尼亞的。受阻於當地的羅馬天主教勢力，北部地區伊斯蘭教傳播緩慢，同時山區地形阻斷了穆斯林的影響。但在中南部，到17世紀末，城鎮中心區域已經接受了伊斯蘭教，那是一種被不斷增加的本地穆斯林精英所信奉的宗教。本地的穆斯林帕夏和貝依（軍功貴族和大地主）階層出現，他們在奧斯曼帝國的政治經濟生活中扮演著日趨重要的角色，對多數阿爾巴尼亞人而言，是頗具吸引力的職業選擇。

阿爾巴尼亞穆斯林分為兩大群體：遜尼派和貝克塔什蘇菲派，後者是一個神秘主義苦修教團，在奧斯曼帝國時期，主要是在十八、十九世紀傳入阿爾巴尼亞。貝克塔什教派被多數穆斯林認為是異端。歷史上遜尼派的強固堡壘主要在阿爾巴尼亞中北部，而貝克塔什教派的主要根據地在南部的托斯克平原。在奧斯曼帝國統治時期，在貝克塔什教派的教導下，阿爾巴尼亞人逐漸接受伊斯蘭教，以便獲得在帝國貿易網路、官僚機構和軍隊中的可觀優勢。許多阿爾巴尼亞人被吸收進奧斯曼「耶尼切里」和「德米舍梅」近衛軍體系（奧斯曼帝國在巴爾幹半島強征基督教男童使其皈依伊斯蘭教，加以訓練後徵調入近衛軍，即所謂血賦），並且奧斯曼帝國的42位大維奇（丞相）是阿爾巴尼亞族裔。

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推薦一本書《近代土耳其的興起》，裡面有對奧斯曼帝國時期在魯米利亞（巴爾幹半島基督徒地區，即歷史上的東羅馬帝國土地，魯米利亞即羅馬人之地）的伊斯蘭化政策的描述。

阿爾巴尼亞人驍勇善戰，是奧斯曼人獲得血貢的重要來源。拜倫曾稱阿爾巴尼亞人是奧斯曼帝國最優秀的士兵，包括穆罕默德.阿里在內的眾多阿爾巴尼亞人在奧斯曼帝國身居高位，直到今天仍有很多土耳其高官的祖先是阿爾巴尼亞人和韃靼人。估計正是在他們的帶動下，他們那些想在帝國仕途上更進一步的鄉里鄉親們才紛紛皈依了伊斯蘭。反正作為和巴斯克人一樣歐洲歷史最悠久的民族，阿爾巴尼亞人瞅他們鄰近的那些斯拉夫人早就不順眼，要不是他們皈依了穆斯林，作為塞爾維亞王國發祥地的科索沃也不會給了阿爾巴尼亞人。

Islam came to Albania through the Ottoman Empire in the 14th century. In the North, the spread of Islam was slower due to resistance from the Roman Catholic Church and the mountainous terrain which contributed to curb Muslim influence. In the center and south, however, by the end of the seventeenth century the urban centers had largely adopted the religion of the growing Albanian Muslim elite. The existence of an Albanian Muslim class of pashas and beys who played an increasingly important role in Ottoman political and economic life became an attractive career option for most Albanians.

The Muslims of Albania were divided into two main communities: those associated with Sunni Islam and those associated with the BektashiSufis, a mystic Dervish order that came to Albania during the Ottoman period, primarily during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Bektashi sect is considered heretical by most mainstream Muslims. Historically Sunni Islam found its strongest base in northern and central Albania, while Bektashis were found primarily in the Tosk lands of the south.

During Ottoman rule the Albanian population gradually began to convert to Islam through the teachings of Bektashism, in order to gain considerable advantages in the Ottoman trade networks, bureaucracy and army. Many Albanians were recruited into the Ottoman Janissary and Dev?irme and 42 Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire were of Albanian origin.