關於石油行業就業情況?

01-13

今年的確困難呀。參加個中石化考試碰碰運氣，或者考慮些偏遠地區，延長石油呀。

首先貼一份13年Hill給申請者的信：

Dear Admitted Aggie PETE Applicant,
The Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas AM University, is pleased that you applied and were admitted to our top ranked petroleum engineering program. If you pursue a degree in petroleum engineering, our program is committed to providing the highest quality education available.

Recent data suggests that some concern about the sustainability of the entry level job market during a time of explosive growth in the number of students studying petroleum engineering in U.S. universities may be prudent.
Our advice is that you become aware of graduation projections and petroleum industry employment outlook for people with petroleum engineering degrees. For example, between fall 2011 and fall 2012, the number of freshmen in petroleum engineering programs in the U.S. increased from 1,388 to 2,153, a 55% jump in one year. Based on the many inquiries and applications TAMU is receiving for the petroleum engineering major, the number of U.S. students in petroleum engineering will probably continue a strong upward trend, as long as the employment market remains stable. These days, a very large number of people are already studying in petroleum engineering programs (see attachment, showing data made available through the Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE), at a time when: the number of recent graduates, who began their studies several years ago, is already at about historical highs and growing rapidly (see attachment); our program』s board of industry advisors are recommending that we 「do not grow」 our undergraduate program at this time; and oil and natural gas price projections and expectations of U.S. governmental policy influences are viewed as not particularly encouraging by the U.S. petroleum industry.
We are not trying to discourage you from a career that we think is among the most fascinating, dynamic, challenging careers that exist. However, we also want you to know that the Aggie PETE program is doing the right thing by providing you with information that could end up being important to your future.

然後是Chemjobber 對這封信的評價：

It is important to note, in retrospect, that there are some key differences between academic petroleum engineering and academic chemistry here: I believe that engineers are more comfortable in attempting to predict the future (statistically, looking at trends, etc.) than scientists are. I also think that there is much more alignment between academic engineering departments and their industry alumni. Finally (and most importantly), petroleum is probably one of the most accurately measured commodities in the history of mankind and the cyclical nature of the prices (and its effect on economies and labor markets) is widely understood and discussed.

之後是兩張圖：

正如加粗的地方說，沒有什麼比石油行業更受到油價波動影響了。從兩方面來說，在油價高企的時候，學生蜂擁而入，石油企業加大投資，技術取得突破，更多的邊際油田取得效益，行業看起來欣欣向榮。但當黑天鵝出現，油價低迷，疲敝，供需關係失衡，幾輪Lay-off下來。這是行業的自然周期，只是在石油行業加劇因而顯得起伏不定而已。

國外的就業現狀已經擺在這裡了，新聞很多。至於說國內的減招，已經是盡了央企保障社會穩定的職能了，所以說還不至於出現大規模的裁員潮。但就未來趨勢來看，我覺得傳統的三桶油大央企也未必是金飯碗了。我們這代人都習慣了經濟騰飛和大量的投資，但現在開始要面對的是著陸和所謂的新常態。九十年代的東北國企下崗潮誰說不會發生在固若金湯的三桶油里呢？我倒是希望能有真正意義上的放開上游，讓一部分小公司成為先鋒。讓跳槽不再是少數人的選擇，讓一批年青骨幹有所選擇。

最後請允許我冒昧的援引精準石油論壇上ytlee先生的一番經驗之談，如有冒犯，請聯繫我刪除。

As I mentioned many times in this forum, oil gas career is NOT for someone looking for "iron bowl" or for those who follow 火起 industry. If you have passion finding affordable energy for man kind, oilgas is the industry you can have a bright future. With all the modern technology we have, we only recover very small portion (less than 30%) of the discovered oil. For every barrel of oil we extracted, there are at least two barrels left in the ground. The key is technology and cost efficiency.
I have been in this industry almost 40 years, I went thru many business cycles. I saw people jumped into this industry when it was 火起 industry and only got swept out the door in the down cycle. I have witnessed the industry hitting the bottom and wrote off by young students.
One lesson I learned thru the cycles, oil gas career is like a marathon race, there are many stages http://running.compe...n-running_85491
So it doesn"t help if you are not prepared.
As for those saying the industry is in the dump now. If you have passion and skills, this is the best time to get in. When you are hired, you know for sure they need you to perform tasks that contribute to the company bottomline.....profit. The position is not a place holder nor flower pot.

As for salary and compensation. I have changed companies few dozen times. I never discussed compensation nor asked for raise thru out my career. As long as project is interesting and the tasks are meaningful, I will take the position. Granted, I took several less paid positions but none of them paid less than "average" salary.
As I mentioned several times in this forum, the key of good living is separating the "needs" and the "wants". I have travelled in every corner of this world, one thing is common, it doesn"t require top 1% salary to meet the "needs". For basic needs, it only requires McDonald minimum wage. It is the wants that get this world in the sorry state we are in.
As for current status of the industry, we will see low priced oil in the near future. The price war will last until either US shale players or Saudi blinks.
As for 白人 vs Chinese, if you buy into this outdated thinking, don"t consider oilgas career. To me, skin color is not as critical as the matter between your ears. When you have the skills, people will want you.

晚輩妄語，還望諸位一笑。

本科大四石油工程，中石化考試兩個都進面試都沒過。私企沒幾個靠譜的沒敢深接觸，考研複習完公共課後放棄，意在轉行。

中石化抱著賭賭運氣的心態，華東局面試時候直接被批評就業推薦表填寫太不認真了，六級分數怎麼都跟成績單對不上，我說「我瞎填的。」（後來才反應過來我說考過好幾次不就得了。。。。）。

反正本科很不盡人意，研究生聽說也不好。。我們石工院感覺牆倒都不用人推了。。。博士不了解。

我來傳播一點負能量。

去年下半年至今，國際石油巨頭諸如BP，殼牌，雪弗龍陸續開始裁員，英國BG甚至被迫賣身殼牌，雖然賣了個好價錢，但目前形勢下總是少了些郎情妾意的感覺。油服行業四巨頭（現在只剩三巨頭）則無一倖免，斯倫貝謝大刀揮舞，繼今年1月宣布裁員9千後，4月再宣布裁員1.1萬，貝殼休斯則和哈利伯頓裁員還不夠，乾脆喜結連理共御外敵，老四威德福2月也宣布裁員五千。
有意思的是，中海油卻風景這邊獨好，近日更是交出了一份一枝獨秀的年報，2014年度凈利潤逆市上漲6.6%到602億。可你若以為中國石油行業日子比國外好過，那可就大錯特錯了。看看兩桶油對員工政策的調整，實在讓人樂觀不起來：
2014年5月，中石油大慶油田開始打破為油田子女包分配的傳統。
2015年2月，中石化流出一份文件，《2015（85號）關於離崗人員分流安置工作的指導意見》，稱要採用內部競爭上崗、單位外部上崗、提前退休、內部退養、解除和終止勞動合同、停崗留薪等多種渠道分流安置離崗人員。其中效益較差的油田（如江漢油田）和建設公司成為重災區。
2015年4月，中石油被爆員工整體降薪10%-15%，部分單位傳言工資系統已經默認只發放85%的工資。
……
多米諾骨牌當然不會止步於油公司，依附油公司生存的國內油服公司業績更是慘不忍睹，他們受到的關注度遠不如油公司，但年報已經顯示了前景極不樂觀。香港上市的深圳百勤2014年凈虧損418萬港元，而在2013年，是凈盈利210萬港元。同在香港上市的北京華油2014年盈利116萬人民幣，相比2013年大幅下滑61.3%；其他諸如安東、惠生、宏華也是如此。

《南方能源雜誌》

地球物理專業研究生，物探軟體開發，演算法研究。精通.net c++ java語言.

研究生實習兩年，去過中石化，去過浪潮軟體

匿了

看到這個我都心寒了，作為石油工程的一枚女生，果斷轉專業了。

能去研究院很好了，你是真不知道今年都不要人的

我覺得看你怎麼想，一心就業的話就認真準備中石化的考試，報的時候選一些偏遠地區的單位。說句實話，我跟你們學校勘查專業的人同事，他整天抱怨掙得少。

孩子。。。。

考公務員吧

還是直接就業吧

找找關係進中石油中石化還是有前途的

今年會比較慘，外企都不招了，私企國企都招的很少了，盡人事聽天命吧

油氣田開發的研究生表示，本科去現場的話，可能找工作會比研究生容易一些。雖然今年形勢很差（雖是研究生但比本科時就業還要難），哈伯、斯倫貝等這些外企都沒招人，但是最後絕大部分同學還是都找到了工作（當然有少數是通過考取公務員，或者拋棄本專業通過關係回家找工作的情況，女生常見），只是理想與否的問題。就醬，僅作參考。

作為剛畢業的開發地質研究生，我來說一句吧。

1.就業不怎麼樣，但是也沒有那麼的差。

2.非油田子弟簽約油田的比例較少，本科應該高一些，這主要是因為前線工人需求量很大。

3.研究生很尷尬，高不成低不就。但是畢業後大多分在油田研究院或者下面採油廠或者隊上的研究所里，工作環境相對本科生好很多。但是你少掙3年錢，還有對象問題。

4.核心的一句：如果讀研了建議一直讀到博士(對於專業是否感興趣是決定性的)，要不就本科直接就業。

我覺得本科生能去一線鍛煉兩年還是挺有希望的，在我看來一線沒什麼年輕人，還是缺人的。