請問英文的辯論賽中,一些特定的術語和問答語以及專用辭彙該怎麼說呢?
比如「請對方辯友正面回答我的問題」,「我方堅持認為」這類的口語表達。另外還想請教詳細的專用辭彙,如一辯二辯三辯四辯怎麼講,開頭的觀點,最後的陳辭,等等這些單詞,用英語怎麼講?
I took some time and did some research on Debating Terminology. I hope the following answers some of your questions.
The
terminology below is not an exhaustive list of terms. The intended to make the process of debating clear at the most basic level.Chairman/Chairperson/Master
of Ceremonies/Moderator: This person announces the debate, and controls the
debate. The task of this person is to make sure speakers end talking when theirtime is complete, this person also insists that speakers do not interrupt eachother or speak when it is not their turn. This person also calls on the nextspeaker when the adjudicator (judge) indicates they are ready for the debate tocontinue. The last point varies according to the type of debate.Resolution
: The topic to be debated (Stated in the positive such as 「 Smoking isunhealthy」 not 「The English Monarchy is not needed」)Yes
side, positive side, Government (in a democracy) – This side (group of debaters) argue that the
resolution is true or they take the yes side.No
side, negative side, Opposition (in a democracy)– This side (group of debaters) argue that theresolution is not true, not accurate, or false.Adjudicator:
The person or panel who judge the debate.Speaker
Order: The order in which each speaker delivers their speech. Normally the firstpositive speaker starts, then the first negative, the second positive speakerfollows, then the second negative speaker, finally the third positive speaker
and the third negative speaker finishes. Then one of the positive members canspeak to rebut the negative arguments.Rebuttal:
After the negative side has completed their arguments the positive side gets achance to reply to any arguments or points raised by the negative side. This iscalled a rebuttal.Time
and Timer: Atimer may be appointed for the debate. This person keeps track of time andthrough a signaling device ( bell, gong, siren, or other such device) indicate
that a speakers time has begun or finished. The length of time a person canspeak is decided before the debate.I hope this is helpful.
非常感謝 @戴墨怡 的中文翻譯:
我花了點時間查了下辯論術語。希望下面這些可以解決一些你的問題:
以下術語並不完整,只是最基礎的一些用法。Chairman/Chairperson/Master of Ceremonies/Moderator:
主席 / 主席 / 司儀 / 主持:這個角色控制著整場辯論,其任務是確保發言人在規定時間內發言,同時,此角色也確保非本輪發言人不會打斷本輪發言人的發言,還有,在裁判們表示辯論可以繼續時,此角色負責通知下一位發言人。最後一點隨著辯論類型的不同而改變。辯題:即辯論的主題(用肯定句如:「吸煙對健康有害」,而非「不需要英國明主」這種否定句。)Yes side /positive side/Government(in a democracy) :「同意」方/ 正方 /官方(在一個民主國家裡):這一方堅持辯題是正確的,或者他們同意辯題說法。No side /negative side/Opposition (in a democracy) :「反對」方/ 反方 /異端(在一個民主國家裡):
這一方堅持辯題是虛假的,不正確的,錯誤的。Adjudicator:裁判:一個或一組評判辯論的人。Speak Oder:發言順序:每個參辯人發言的順序。一般為:正1-反1-正2-反2-正3-反3-正X-結束,反方最後一人發完言後,正方中一人再對反方論點論據進行辯駁,結束。Time and Timer: 時間和計時器:
辯論中一般都有計時器,計時人員計時並且用信號示意發言時間開始或結束,發言時長是在辯論之前規定好的。渣渣翻譯輕噴,有什麼錯誤請一定指出,感謝。**************************************
栗子的知乎答案索引:栗子樹
栗子的微信公眾號:E-Speller 或者 栗子英文 (只有精彩的原創)
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從委婉婉轉婉約迂迴一直想到單臂大迴環都沒想出個更好的曲線回答方法,只好直接了當發表意見。個人感覺題主還不到真正進行英語辯論的階段。從能力上來說,「我方堅持認為」 應該是脫口而出We firmly insist that,「開頭的觀點the beginning viewpoint」,「最後的陳詞the final statement」 等等也都是不需要思考的。現在,連這些很簡單的都要問,那很難想像辯論將如何進行。從認識上來說,英語辯論只有一辯二辯,沒有三辯四辯,而且也幾乎沒有說「請對方辯友正面回答我的問題」的機會,因為沒有中文辯論賽的攻辯環節。規則規定每方在一場辯論中至少應該提兩個問題,同時也應該至少回答兩個問題,但是要在對方容許的情況下才能進行。問題實際上是提給評委和觀眾聽的,應該直指要害顯示對方的邏輯、論據或觀點的軟肋,如果對方沒有正面回答問題,評委自然會有記錄,評判勝負時會加以考慮,最後的總結也會提到。所以己方要好好利用這兩個提問的機會,而不僅僅在一個點上糾纏不休。
更詳細的可以移步這裡「辯論賽賽制有哪幾種?主流的幾種賽制的特點是什麼?」:http://www.zhihu.com/question/19877725推薦閱讀:
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