怎樣才能快速提升SCI論文寫作能力呢（感覺自己的文獻鑒賞力也不是太高...）？

老闆總是說我的論文寫的太差，他不肯給我改，說要等我寫的能入他的眼了，他再改，可是感覺我自己缺乏行之有效的提升辦法..有沒有能快速提高的方法？

我個人倒是覺得學術論文無非兩點，一是語言，二是結構，把這兩點把握好了基本上就沒什麼問題了。那麼如何讓語言變得更加專業地道呢？這裡建議總結一些語言模板，然後寫作的時候靈活運用。

不想總結？也有辦法，這裡推薦微信公眾號研之成理（rationalscience），裡面已經總結了很多語言模板，並且還在持續更新中。由於知乎上沒有辦法區分字體顏色，建議直接進入公眾號進行查看。不想看公眾號的，也可以關注知乎專欄「研之成理寫作實驗室」，裡面有很多精彩內容，謝謝！

示例：

相關內容導讀：

1. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(一)

2. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(二)

3. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(三)

4. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(四)

5. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(五)

6. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(六)

7. SCI論文寫作中一些常用的句型總結(七)

1. 某數據使我們得出…結論

A. Because the ellipsometric data give a HS-ssDNA film thickness of approximately 20% of the expected maximum thickness, we conclude that the HS-ssDNA monolayer is not a tightly packed monolayer, and that the DNA chains are not oriented perpendicular to the surface.(J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119 (38), 8916–8920)

B. The behavior of the correlation coefficient makes us conclude that a linear relationship between interaction energy and the charge density at the bond critical point is still valid for multiple-bond critical points. (J. Phys. Chem.1995,99,9747-9754)

C. On the basis of these results we concluded that compartment A is more closely associated with open, accessible, actively transcribed chromatin. (Science 2009,326,289-293)

可變形為：On the basis of our findings, it can be concluded that…

或者：From the results we have obtained, one can conclude that...

D. The very low energy thresholds lead us to conclude that semiconducting polymers comprise a class of promising laser materials. (Science 1996,273,1883)

E. Our findings lead us to conclude that the voltage-sensor paddles operate somewhat like hydrophobic cations attached to levers, enabling the membraneelectric field to open and close the pore. (Nature 2003, 423, 42-48)

2. 考慮到…

A.Giventhe observed increase of about 10%, the expected increase of PDI is about 40%, taking into account the increased duration of events. (Nature 2005,436, 686-688)

B. Taking the above observations into account, weconclude that PAB (eq. 10), calculated with the localized spinorbitals that maximize Na, defines a covalent bond order between theatoms A and B in the Lewis (resonance) structure described by this particularset of localized spin orbitals. (J. Am.Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4142-4145)

C. Given that only aryl enones have reduction potentials sufficientlypositive to accept an electron from the photogenerated Ru(bpy)3+ reductant,aryl enone 6 can be selectively reduced in the presence of alkyl enone 7 to form the nucleophilic radicalanion intermediate. (Nat. Chem.2010, 2, 527–532)

D. Considering that the zincion, the deprotonated ligand 1 and bridging oxo oxygen have charges of +2, -1 and -2, respectively, we need two additional positive charges per [Zn3(μ3-O)(1-H)2- unit for overall neutrality. (Nature 2000, 404, 982-986)

3.使…明了

A. A transparent and rigorous approach, however,can almost always shine a light on issues of reproducibility. (Science, 2014, 346, 679)

B. To shed light on theevolution of qualitative pheromone alterations, we studied sex pheromones inthe wasp genus Nasonia, an emerging model system for investigating thegenetics of speciation and complex traits. (Nature 2013, 494,345–348)

C. In this regard, what is requested to material chemists is to make clear the relationships among chemical structure,quantum chemical simulation, physical properties and device performances.(J. Mater. Chem. C, 2013, 1,1699-1707)

D. In order to clarify the possible reasons for the higherphotocatalytic as well as photoelectric properties of Ag3PO4 cubes than spherical particles, the surface structures andatomic configurations of Ag3PO4 {100} planes have been further studied. (Chem. Commun., 2012, 48,3748-3750)

除了語言之外，論文的結構也是很關鍵的，怎樣仔細雕琢從而寫出好的論文呢？這裡面很值得注意的一點是論文的邏輯性，包括句與句之間的邏輯性或者段與段之間的邏輯性。

示例：

撰寫學術論文的目的是希望所發現或者發明的內容能夠得到大家認可。因此，受到認可是學術論文最核心的一點。而要想說服別人，很重要的一點必須條理清楚，邏輯嚴密。事實上，任何一篇科學論文的內容都是片面的，只是反映了作者在當時當下所認知的程度，論文中可能還會存在這樣或者那樣的不足。而好的學術論文不是拚命地告訴別人我這個東西已經登峰造極，完美無缺了，而是用數據，用嚴密的邏輯告訴別人：從目前的研究結果，我們可以得出哪些結論，而這些結論對整個領域的發展有哪些重要啟示。

那麼邏輯結構體現在哪些地方呢？句與句之間，段與段之間！今天先介紹下句與句之間的邏輯關係，口說無憑，實例為證：

1. 選用邏輯關係

參考文獻：G. J. Hutchings et al. Science, 2016, 351, 6276.

A limiting factor in achieving high selectivity toward H2O2 with Au-Pd/TiO2 catalysts prepared by the wet impregnation method is that the catalyst nanoparticles exhibit a variation in composition with particle size, with the smallest particles being Pd-rich (傳統催化劑選擇性的局限性). These small Pd-rich NPs are likely to be highly active for H2O2 synthesis and also for its subsequent hydrogenation and decomposition, as has been shown when AuPd catalysts are prepared by colloidal techniques with particle sizes typically 2 to 4 nm (限制選擇性的原因). In the case of the Sn-Pd system, the small Pd-rich NPs are often associated with the amorphous SnOx films（本實驗中的發現）. We postulated that it might be possible to further decrease the H2O2 degradation activity of the catalyst by inducing encapsulation of the ultrasmall Pd-rich NPs by this SnOx film（基於已有理論和現有發現做出的推論）. We therefore used subsequent thermal treatments in an attempt to induce a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between the Pd and SnOx layer (根據推論設計的實驗方案). We first added a low-temperature reduction step (200°C, 2 hours, 5% H2 in Ar), which made the catalysts stable to multiple reaction cycles (實驗操作). However, the H2O2 degradation activity increased markedly, from 65 mol kg?1 hour?1 to 300 mol kg?1 hour?1; this rate increase was associated with the reduction of Pd2+ to metallic Pd, as shown by XPS (實驗結果). Metallic Pd is known to be a more effective H2O2 hydrogenation catalyst (對實驗結果的進一步解釋).

這一段一共有9句話，每句話所要表達的意思我都用紅色字體進行了標註。1）首先介紹了傳統催化劑Au-Pd/TiO2在選擇性上的局限性；2）介紹了這種局限性的具體原因；3）本實驗中的發現；4）基於已有理論和現有發現做出的推論；5）根據推論設計的實驗方案；6）根據推論設計的實驗方案；7）實驗操作；8）實驗結果；9）對實驗結果的進一步解釋。可以看得出來，作者在寫作時層層遞進，這是研究思路的內在邏輯。而為了更好地體現這種邏輯，作者在文字上也有所承接（請注意上面一段文字中藍色字體標記的內容）。比如第一句話中引出了Pd rich這個概念，然後第二句話將Pd rich NPs的具體影響進行了進一步地解釋（Pd rich NPs就是這種遞進關係的銜接詞）。而類似的，第三句話，作者還是通過Pd rich NPs從文獻拉回本文的實驗結果。第四句話中更是針對Pd rich NPs提出了推論。類似的第八句和第九句通過metallic Pd將兩個句子銜接在一起，體現出了遞進的關係。

溫馨提示：並列結構是所有邏輯結構中最弱的，如果有遞進關係，請用遞進，如果有因果關係，請用因果關係！文字之間存在邏輯關係，讀者讀起來會覺得很順暢，而相反如果文字之間沒有邏輯關係，只是簡單地羅列，則會顯得很生澀，言之無味。

2. 使用連接詞

另外一種更加簡單地體現句與句之間的邏輯關係是使用連接詞.下面簡單列舉一下一些基本的連接詞：

表示遞進的：then, subsequently, in addition, besides, what is more, moreover, furthermore, in order to...further, 等等；

表示轉折和讓步關係的：but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, instead of, even so, though, although, despite, regardless of, in spite of, as opposed to等等；

表示層次關係的：firstly, first of all, to begin with, secondly...finally, last but not least, afterwards,simultaneously, at the meantime, meanwhile, eventually等等；

表示因果關係的：because, because of this, since, for this reason, thanks to, due to, owing to, seeing that, on account of, therefore，as a result, hence, consequently, accordingly等等；

表示歸納總結的：in conclusion, in summary, in sum, in short，overall,等等;

表示條件關係的：unless, otherwise, only if, if only, suppose that, as soon as, in case that, providing that, given that等等。

這裡依舊舉一個簡單的離子：

參考文獻：Liu, J. and Fan, J. et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2014, 4, 441-446.

To further confirm the alloy structure, HRTEM and line-scanning analysis were employed. As shown in Fig. 1c, the lattice fringes of Pt1Pd3 display interplanar spacings of 0.223 and 0.192 nm in the particle, which match well respectively with those of the (111) and the (200) planes of the fcc PtPd alloy. On the other hand, the compositional line profiles of Pt and Pd cross an individual particle shown in Fig. 1d also suggest the NPs to be alloy with homogeneous distributions of elemental Pt/Pd. Moreover, as can be seen from Fig. 1a, the PtPd NPs are well dispersed in the m-SiO2 framework and the sizes of PtPd alloy NPs are rather small with a narrow size distribution (4.1 ± 0.6 nm). The mesoporous SiO2 framework is highly ordered, suggesting that the presence of PtPd NPs does not affect the mesoscopic structure of the oxide support. These results were also confirmed by SAXS data and N2 adsorption–desorption data. As shown in Fig. 2, the interplanar distance of the (100) plane calculated from the SAXS analysis are both 10 nm. Meanwhile, the results from N2 adsorption–desorption data confirm that both Pt1Pd3–m-SiO2 and m-SiO2 have characteristics that are typical of mesoporous materials, and they possess similar BET surface areas (422.8 m2 g?1vs. 439.4 m2 g?1), indicating that the introduction of PtPd has little influence on the structure of the MMOs.

這一段話是典型的對材料微觀結構進行表徵的結果的敘述，是RD裡面最常見的看圖說話形式。而為了讓這些表徵手段關聯起來，作者採用了很多連接詞（粗體部分）。這些連詞的使用可以讓句與句之間關聯更加緊密，從而能夠結合多種表徵手段來綜合說明材料的微觀結構信息。