Corporate stock 與 Share ownership 的區別是什麼？

01-12

我在一篇論文里讀到這樣的話：

The results indicate that although corporate stock was held principally by the city"s elite merchants in both periods, share ownership became more widespread over time among less affluent households.

這句話的前文大致說的是，在1791年的紐約只有兩家公司，到了1826年，已經達百家。

我的問題是，其中 corporate stock 與 share ownership 的區別是什麼？

這是同樣的問題在Quora上的得到的答案，一併貼出作為參考（http://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-Corporate-Stock-and-Share-ownership）：

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From Arik Beremzon:

At the risk of perhaps missing some details I"m going to try to keep this as simple as possible. Feel free to point out anything that absolutely has to be added.

When companies want to raise capital they have a number of instruments to do so. One of these ways is corporate stock, which gives the purchaser equity. Basically you give away little pieces of your company in return for capital (money!). For this the company has to be publicly traded and registered with the SEC (in the US). Corporate stock comes in two form, common stock and preferred stock. When a company pays dividends it pays those to the people (or companies) who own preferred stock first, then to the people (or companies) that own common stock. Preferred stock doesn"t carry any voting rights like common stock. If you own stock you can weigh in on the decisions a company takes because you are partially an owner of the business.

You can find a pretty good summary here: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-...

Share ownership is simply referring to WHO owns the shares. The article says that over time more of the common folks started buying stock. It says that at first only rich families owned stock but then less rich families started buying stock as well.

Share ownership refers to the act of owning shares. Corporate stock is a term for shares, they are not varieties of the same thing.

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簡單來說，這個答案就是@劉勰與@田牧回答的結合。

句子意思就是講，富人還是有很多股票，但沒那麼富的人也開始購入股票。
Share ownership 是持股的行為；而 Corporate stock 是「股票」那個東西。

這就算是答案總結了。如果哪裡說得不對，歡迎繼續回答。

沒有區別。但是前半句強調股票集中程度，後半句強調股東人數和構成。

我查閱了一下，是Eric Hilt寫的紐約早期股票發展的論文，文章說經管公司主要股份仍為商界精英持有，但是在這兩個時期之間越來越多普通家庭成為股票的擁有者，意思是說雖然精英依然持有多數股票，但是持有股票的人總數變多了，新股票持有人多為普通家庭。好比之前10個有錢人持有8成，10個窮人持有2成；現在10個有錢人持有7成，100個窮人持有3成的意思。

這裡還有一個區分，就是精英持股不一定是以個人形式持有的，可能是以信託、合伙人公司或者企業的形式。論文提到了股東類型的變化，1826年的個人持有者多於1791年，在增加。

corporate stock：公司股票，stock是表示你股份的一種憑證；

share ownership：股權，是一種所有權；

憑證只是權力的象徵，因此可以理解為：我們手中持有的股票（corporate stock）其實就是代表公司所有權（share ownership）的憑證，你的stock越多，表示你的ownership越多。

這段話的大意是：這些結果表明，雖然在這兩個時期，股票都是主要由城市比較富有的商人持有，但是慢慢地，普通民眾持有公司股權的現象也越來越普遍了...