如何看待鮑勃·迪倫的諾貝爾獎演講稿涉嫌抄襲?

近日有人指出 Bob Dylan 的諾貝爾演講疑似抄襲文學在線學習網站 SparkNotes,在演講中他講述到對自己影響至深的小說《白鯨》時,有二十個句子與網站上《白鯨》的「筆記」十分相似(類似於「豆瓣書評」),而這些句子是原著中沒有的內容,都是讀者的評論與感想。


把抄襲說成故意抄襲,行為藝術的。長點腦子吧,算我求你們了。


把問題裡面那張圖翻譯了,看看到底抄了啥吧:

讓我想到了一個笑話:「可是老師,我家只有一隻狗。」

-----補充背景的分割線-----

剛看問題的時候,我還以為是Patti Smith去年年底代領獎時候的獲獎感言(Bob Dylan - Banquet Speech)。我印象里當時演講詞裡面沒有出現任何白鯨相關的段落,光記得Bob Dylan一直懷疑「我整得這些歌也算文學?」。

不過搜了一下,還真有(Bob Dylan - Nobel Lecture)。錄製時間是今年(2017年)5月35日(防和諧)。不知道是不是諾貝爾基金會對先前的演講不滿意,又要求他重錄了一版。

背景如何不猜測,這也不是這個問題的重點。我給大家看看涉嫌「抄襲」的78個句子都是哪些:

Moby Dick is a fascinating book, a book that"s filled with scenes of high drama and dramatic dialogue. The book makes demands on you. The plot is straightforward. The mysterious Captain Ahab – captain of a ship called the Pequod – an egomaniac with a peg leg pursuing his nemesis, the great white whale Moby Dick who took his leg. And he pursues him all the way from the Atlantic around the tip of Africa and into the Indian Ocean. He pursues the whale around both sides of the earth. It"s an abstract goal, nothing concrete or definite. He calls Moby the emperor, sees him as the embodiment of evil. Ahab"s got a wife and child back in Nantucket that he reminisces about now and again. You can anticipate what will happen.
The ship"s crew is made up of men of different races, and any one of them who sights the whale will be given the reward of a gold coin. A lot of Zodiac symbols, religious allegory, stereotypes. Ahab encounters other whaling vessels, presses the captains for details about Moby. Have they seen him? There"s a crazy prophet, Gabriel, on one of the vessels, and he predicts Ahab"s doom. Says Moby is the incarnate of a Shaker god, and that any dealings with him will lead to disaster. He says that to Captain Ahab. Another ship"s captain – Captain Boomer – he lost an arm to Moby. But he tolerates that, and he"s happy to have survived. He can"t accept Ahab"s lust for vengeance.
This book tells how different men react in different ways to the same experience. A lot of Old Testament, biblical allegory: Gabriel, Rachel, Jeroboam, Bildah, Elijah. Pagan names as well: Tashtego, Flask, Daggoo, Fleece, Starbuck, Stubb, Martha"s Vineyard. The Pagans are idol worshippers. Some worship little wax figures, some wooden figures. Some worship fire. The Pequod is the name of an Indian tribe.
Moby Dick is a seafaring tale. One of the men, the narrator, says, "Call me Ishmael." Somebody asks him where he"s from, and he says, "It"s not down on any map. True places never are." Stubb gives no significance to anything, says everything is predestined. Ishmael"s been on a sailing ship his entire life. Calls the sailing ships his Harvard and Yale. He keeps his distance from people.
A typhoon hits the Pequod. Captain Ahab thinks it"s a good omen. Starbuck thinks it"s a bad omen, considers killing Ahab. As soon as the storm ends, a crewmember falls from the ship"s mast and drowns, foreshadowing what"s to come. A Quaker pacifist priest, who is actually a bloodthirsty businessman, tells Flask, "Some men who receive injuries are led to God, others are led to bitterness."
Everything is mixed in. All the myths: the Judeo Christian bible, Hindu myths, British legends, Saint George, Perseus, Hercules – they"re all whalers. Greek mythology, the gory business of cutting up a whale. Lots of facts in this book, geographical knowledge, whale oil – good for coronation of royalty – noble families in the whaling industry. Whale oil is used to anoint the kings. History of the whale, phrenology, classical philosophy, pseudo-scientific theories, justification for discrimination – everything thrown in and none of it hardly rational. Highbrow, lowbrow, chasing illusion, chasing death, the great white whale, white as polar bear, white as a white man, the emperor, the nemesis, the embodiment of evil. The demented captain who actually lost his leg years ago trying to attack Moby with a knife.
We see only the surface of things. We can interpret what lies below any way we see fit. Crewmen walk around on deck listening for mermaids, and sharks and vultures follow the ship. Reading skulls and faces like you read a book. Here"s a face. I"ll put it in front of you. Read it if you can.
Tashtego says that he died and was reborn. His extra days are a gift. He wasn"t saved by Christ, though, he says he was saved by a fellow man and a non-Christian at that. He parodies the resurrection.
When Starbuck tells Ahab that he should let bygones be bygones, the angry captain snaps back, "Speak not to me of blasphemy, man, I"d strike the sun if it insulted me." Ahab, too, is a poet of eloquence. He says, "The path to my fixed purpose is laid with iron rails whereon my soul is grooved to run." Or these lines, "All visible objects are but pasteboard masks." Quotable poetic phrases that can"t be beat.
Finally, Ahab spots Moby, and the harpoons come out. Boats are lowered. Ahab"s harpoon has been baptized in blood. Moby attacks Ahab"s boat and destroys it. Next day, he sights Moby again. Boats are lowered again. Moby attacks Ahab"s boat again. On the third day, another boat goes in. More religious allegory. He has risen. Moby attacks one more time, ramming the Pequod and sinking it. Ahab gets tangled up in the harpoon lines and is thrown out of his boat into a watery grave.
Ishmael survives. He"s in the sea floating on a coffin. And that"s about it. That"s the whole story. That theme and all that it implies would work its way into more than a few of my songs.

以上段落是Dylan對《白鯨》的概述。想看翻譯可以去這裡:鮑勃迪倫的諾獎致辭,簡直寫了篇浙江高考作文

總之在這之前,他談到上小學時,哪些文學作品對自己產生了影響。除了《白鯨》之外,他還提到了另外兩本:《西線無戰事》(All Quiet on the West Front)和《奧德賽》(The Odyssey)。

利益相關:Bob Dylan鐵粉

-----繼續補充的分割線-----

補充一下原報道(Did Bob Dylan Take Portions of His Nobel Lecture From SparkNotes?)底下的外國網友評論吧,這個就不翻譯了,給大家練習英語:

不過話說回來,就算是國外,答題前不審題的也是大多數[手動捂臉]


這件事受傷最大的還是諾貝爾文學獎本身。今年諾獎一反常態頒給了一個歌手,而非純粹的文學創作者,我想評委的真正意圖在於拯救文學。

現在的小說再也不具備19世紀小說的影響力了,因為現在可供選擇的娛樂消遣方式太多,曾經只有小說能做到的事情,被電影電視等更好地完成了,文學普遍意義上影響力的絕對值變小了(因為別的東西影響力變大,甚至已經超過文學了),而嚴肅文學的受眾則一直很少,現在越發小眾了。諾貝爾文學獎頒給迪倫意味著諾獎評委在試圖擴大人們普遍意識里的文學界限,想將更多的語言藝術歸類於文學,這樣的做法其實也無可厚非。

迪倫的一些歌詞的確寫得不錯,但衡量諾獎恰當與否的標準應該在於,他是否不錯到能與諾貝爾文學獎的要求匹配,我認為答案是否定的,但不一定意味著評委的選擇是錯誤的。不巧的是這次出了這樣的紕漏,使得諾獎這次的嘗試失敗了。

諾貝爾文學獎的歷代得主發表過很多非常新奇的獲獎演講,比如莫里森,庫切,戈迪默。有在演講里借用寓言的形式闡述了自己作品的核心主題的,也有採用新奇的方式直接寫成一篇互文性質的小說的。這本來就是最頂級的作家展示的最重要舞台,也許迪倫意識到這一點所以查了查資料要和傳統概念里的文學扯上更大的關係吧。


洗稿。。。。。

他很多歌里都能看到白鯨的影子,按理說自己寫完全能寫出乾貨的,我也不知道他為啥這麼干。。時間緊吧,畢竟還有巡演。。

他這次的演講稿寫得。。中間60%的東西都是在複述書本,似乎也沒多大創見。。。也許複述部分是找別人寫的?。。。

反正打主辦方臉這種事情他經常干。。。全世界都習慣了。。。


一個諾貝爾文學獎得主的獲獎演講稿涉嫌抄襲。

說實話這個新聞我是當笑話看的,因為真是太tm荒誕了……


我一直認為,上面給迪倫洗白的說法有點幼稚,如果迪倫真的不在乎,他要不別去,要不直接完完全全copy一份,然後堂堂正正念出來表示:老子就是這麼屌,一字不改,就是抄的,你咬我啊!

結果這個跟洗稿一樣的手法,別看到諾貝爾獎獲獎者就跪舔好么?


世界人口70億 但大師的生成率畢竟不及諾貝爾獎得主一年一個的產量高


有點黑色幽默,不失為是個題材


演講稿抄襲這種說法真是荒誕………誰說演講一定還得是創作的。

鮑勃在大眾印象是個嚴肅的年輕人和尖銳的老頭,我們對他的印象應該是真的不去領獎才對。

可能到底也還是變了吧


上周喝的酒,這麼快就用上了。#純調侃


1. 「Bob Dylan不配得諾獎,諾獎也不配加持Bob Dylan」,與其說這次諾獎是對 Bob Dylan 文學水平的肯定,不如說是對他和美國文化影響力的肯定。對於諾貝爾獎而言,這種評獎標準在我看來是對專業文學創作者的不尊重。

2. 上 sparknotes 直接看 summary 這種事情我是有體會的,比如一門哲學課講到後面突然要你看幾本公共關係(public relations) 的書。幾百頁的書十多頁sparknotes summary 就解決了。這種行為發生在我必須完成一件極度抗拒的和(在我來看的)不正確的事情。這和 Bob Dylan 目前的情況很相似,從他請 Patti Smith 代領獎和隔了半年才鬼鬼祟祟接受獎項上來看,很難說他對這次得獎不是充滿抗拒的,但好像又也是必須完成,他也在公開場合反問過自己真的有文學成就嗎。好像有人覺得他應該更直接的拒絕和否定,可不是所有人都能「西風吹白髮,猶逐少年狂」。至少我不太會去期待一位70多歲的老頭還能像顆滾石一樣硬邦邦地拒領地球最有聲望和影響力的獎項。

3. 如同哲學課教授布置學生在短期內閱讀大量公共關係類書籍,讓一位寫詞兒的在不太長時間裡整出一篇「諾貝爾文學獎得主」級別的演講稿這件事本身就是荒謬的。對於 Bob Dylan,這次「不小心抄了20多句」應該是和前面他這半年做的事兒一樣,是他對荒謬的處理辦法。而那群因為「抄襲」這件事本身一窩蜂地指責他的人,是令人發笑的。

附上王小峰老師的一句話,放在這裡可能是合適的,「鮑勃·迪倫就像一隻剛剛從水裡爬出來的貓本能地用最快的頻率抖掉身上的水一樣,把人們貼上在他上的任何東西抖得一乾二淨。」


最大的教訓就是不要裝酷。

諾貝爾委員會如果不裝酷,不把一個嚴肅的文學獎項強行頒給一個只會填短韻詞的人,就不會收到這種拖了半年的二手稿件。鮑勃迪倫如果不裝酷,強行攀附傳統文學——或者如果他是真的酷,保持沉默到10號以後,也不至於發生這種事情。

第二個教訓是,不要試圖和一個不好好唱歌的人好好說話。


這就是他不領獎的原因。。。


鮑勃迪倫不是真的想抄襲,他抄襲是想表達,諾貝爾這種獎,只配用我隨便複製粘貼的稿子。

他用抄襲,將嬉皮士文化,民謠文化,反對體制,崇尚自由的精神,用最不拘一格的方式,展現在了全世界的舞台上。

只有愛與和平才是世界永恆的主題,而世間應該少些名利。諾貝爾這種獎,只配送給他隔壁六歲的小子玩玩。

這感覺和我導員讓我在全班面前演講,我馬上百度一下抄一抄的感覺好像。

peace


有人說諾貝爾獎頒給鮑勃迪倫是「寧與友邦,不予家奴」,當時我還不以為然,現在看他說得真TM對。


給你們想要的感想,再見!


行為藝術


All I can do is be myself,whoever that is. -- bob

意思就是,去你媽的


他要是之前在中國寫過畢業論文也就不會這樣了……


科學地洗地

1.wife and child back in Nantucket

遠在Nantucket的妻兒

crew made up of different races

不同種族構成的船員

………

這幾句仔細看看沒毛病吧,人家寫「暗香浮動月黃昏」你寫「暗香浮動黃昏月」是抄襲,人家寫「花好香」你寫「花很香」…這不算抄襲吧?

2.比如…are led to God,others are led to bitterness 和 non-Christian這幾句確實是有照抄嫌疑,我認為他可能查了資料。一是開著百科寫的,二是看完以後把印象深刻的詞句寫了進去。你說這對待諾獎的態度是認真還是不認真?認真到查資料,不認真到部分照搬,反正只能說明人家根本不把獲獎感言當表現特色的舞台,本來也不能要求人家這樣做。

3.這裡他對不起的應該是那些寫書評的網友。他可能根本沒有侵權意識,平時大家在網上談感想的時候抄來抄去很經常的,這些小錯誤沒人在意;然鵝他是在一個世界性的舞台上發言,於是被罵了也該。

4.老頭我還是愛你的。

P.S.我認為中國文學不應該再那麼追求諾獎了。漢語和拉丁語系表情達意的方式根本不同,很多技巧和語言特色難以翻譯,頒獎基本上頒給了文章主旨。這個不夠的。


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