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如何做一個讓人眼前一亮的 presentation？

01-11

上了大學之後一直需要做pre,但是一直覺得不滿意，請大家就看pre的觀眾和老師的角度給出一些意見，有哪些tips和需要注意的點？

謝絕抖機靈 謝謝！

好的 Presentation 其實是有一些原則的，並不是寫個 PPT 上台喊幾句口號就能完事的，情緒、內容安排、時間把控都是決定性的因素。

1、情緒

Presentation 的第一個要素是控制，被控制的主體是你自己和觀眾的情緒，可以說，在所有優秀的 Presentation 裡面，演講者對台下情緒的控制和把握都相當精準。

比如在蘋果 WWDC 2012 介紹 MacBook Pro with Retina Display 的時候，演講者 Phill Schiller 將自己的手指放在了機身邊緣：

台下的尖叫已經說明了一切。

這是我認為很典型的對自我情緒和觀眾情緒控制的典範。當然，這需要一些內容上的技巧做鋪墊。

對於情緒：

首先，自己的情緒一定不可以過於激動，可以看見喬布斯在 2005 年斯坦福的演講中，本人的情緒幾乎沒有什麼太大的起伏，而台下的畢業生們倒是一會掌聲一會笑聲。

第二就是你必須對自己的內容做出預期，你要明白那些內容是可以引起掌聲或者鬨笑的，一次次的超越預期，就能夠贏得掌聲，但是要注意，建議把『驚喜』分配的比較均勻，畢竟鼓掌的人也需要休息，他們不可能長期處於亢奮的狀態，情緒的爆發只有一瞬間，再而衰，三而竭。在情緒積累的過程中，你可以趁機把比較無聊的內容快速過掉，也不要埋什麼包袱，因為你不會得到很好的回應。

至於幽默的東西，最好能夠接地氣，讓大家會心的一笑，或者講自己身邊的故事，甚至自嘲也可以。放在你認為比較平淡或者無聊的部分，給大家做一下情緒調節。

所以，合理的分配超越預期的爆點以及笑話，是演講情緒管控中最重要的因素，而聽眾的情緒將會決定他們對你這樣演講的看法。

二、內容安排

在大概10年前，新東方（教英語的那個，不是廚師）的老師們在備課的時候，會對自己的講課內容做大量的安排，力求做到邏輯情緒，風格幽默。

所以，演講內容有層次感，是非常有必要的

首先：演講的主題不宜過大（老羅兩個小時的演講也不過就是講講情懷和產品而已），題目最好有標題黨嫌疑（我高中的時候，有個非常爛的語文老師開了個講座：古文閱讀的八大解題定律），但是切記不要過於誇張，如果沒有特別的要求，最好就只有一個詞，這樣自由度會相對更大一點。我的個人習慣是先把我要寫的寫完，然後再定個題目。再根據題目修修補補。

內容的層次感來自於主題所引出的邏輯主線所涵蓋的各個方面。

比如喬布斯在 2007 年 MacWorld 上發布 iPhone 的時候，這個邏輯主線就非常鮮明：

a wide screen iPod with touch controls ,

a revolutionary mobile phone ,

a break through internet communication devices.

毫無疑問，這個演講邏輯對於演講主題的詮釋相當到位，同時也非常容易理解，所以，他通過介紹大屏觸控技術 Multi-touch 以及電話功能還有郵件和上網功能，讓人們記住了這個不能更 NB 的手機。但是請不要忘記，iPhone、Phone、 internet communication device僅僅是對於 iPhone 的詮釋。

另外的一個邏輯是通過全屏網頁、郵件、Multi-touch 等等炫酷的功能來說明另一句話：Today，Apple is going to reinvents the phone。

所以，這場演講無論在對用戶還是在對媒體上，都有了足夠清晰的邏輯，用戶記住的是『三合一』，媒體記住的是『革命性』。

所以，內容的層次感將會決定你的演講內容能否被觀眾接受並記住。

三、時間把控

Presentation 對於時間把控的要求也非常高，在 Apple 內部培訓的逐字稿中，非常清楚的標註了每一個議題所用的時間，最長的 15min，最短的只有 30s，同時，在國內發布會中坐的比較好的，是魅族。

由於工作的原因，我會對老闆的演講進行策劃和設計，如何安排時間就是一個非常大的考驗，因為時間過長，台下的觀眾有可能不耐煩，時間過短，該講的內容講不完。

以 PRO 5 發布會為例：

大概的預期是，20min 演講嘉賓開場，40min PRO 品牌 + PRO 5 手機，30-35 min Flyme 5，20 min 戰略+配件，5 min 總結，加起來一共 120min。而最後的發布會的時長是 119 min。

這種時間的把控，需要根據個人的演講風格、語速，有哪些爆點需要鼓掌，哪些地方的時間有可能縮短、講段子等等。如果你的岩漿裡面有視頻或者音樂，毫無疑問這些都要算在內。

一般的原則是，較長的演講（40min以上），5-7 min 要有一個小笑話或者小視頻，大學中分享性質的 Presentation （5-10min），最好在每個小標題的結尾能夠講個一句話的小段子放鬆一下，或者多舉一些例子就好。

最後：

決定一場 Presentation 成敗有相當多的因素，如果是 PPT/Keynote 的問題，可以參考我之前的答案，但是最重要的還是你是否足夠用心。相信我，如果你不知道說什麼或者覺得內容太少，一定是你沒有用心。畢竟決定成敗的，還是你自己。

祝成功！

Presentation skills and public speaking are a 「learnt」 skill – by working on these skills, the quiet and shy person can learn to present with confidence and evidentially 「Find their voice」.

其實，就像這裡所講，presentation技能都是可以練出來的！

今天滬江君會從：如何開場、演講主體、如何抓住觀眾注意力、如何解釋圖表、如何收尾、如何搞定QA環節、如何救場等多個方面聊一聊presentation攻克秘訣。

1. Overview 簡要概括

通常做presentation之前，作為主講人，你需要做些簡要梗概。Pre大致內容是什麼？時長怎樣？如何回答觀眾問題等等。

比如，一開始你可以說一些寒暄話，讓場面熱絡起來。

然後簡要概括一下背景知識，快速切入主題，讓聽眾知道來這場presentation能聽到什麼。比如這樣子：

Welcome / Hello everyone.

As you all know, this company is losing its market share. But we are being asked to increase sales by 20 – 25%. How can we possibly increase sales in a shrinking market?"

Today I am going to talk to you about how we can do this. My presentation will be in three parts.

Firstly I am going to look at the market and the background.

Then I am going to talk to you about our new products and how they fit in.

Finally, I"m going to examine some selling strategies that will help us increase our sales by 20%. The presentation will probably take around 20 minutes. There will be time for questions at the end of my talk.

實用英語口語表達（寒暄話、開場詞）

  • My presentation is in three parts.
  • My presentation is divided into three main sections. Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally…
  • I will talk about…
  • we will examine…
  • I"m gonna tell you something about the background…
  • I will give you some facts and figures…
  • I am gonna fill you in on the history of…
  • We will concentrate on........
  • I will limit myself to the question of…

當然啦，老道的發言人會客氣地給觀眾互動機會，比如可以這麼說：

  • Please feel free to interrupt me if you have questions.
  • There will be time for questions at the end of the presentation.
  • I"d be grateful if you could ask your questions after the presentation.

2. The main body of the presentation 演講主體部分

在演講過程中，演講人需要時不時提醒觀眾為什麼這個演講很重要，所講的觀點和主題有哪些相關性？

這時候，你可以試試看下面的這些口語表達方法。

  • As I said at the beginning…
  • As you remember, we are concerned with…
  • This ties in with my original statement…
  • This relates directly to the question I put to you before…

3. Keeping your audience with you 如何抓住觀眾注意力？

作為演講人的你要記住啦，你的演講內容對於觀眾是陌生的。也許你自己非常熟悉演講的結構，但還是要讓觀眾知道你要轉移到新的話題了。這個時候，你就需要一些轉折語句。

  • I"d now like to move on to…
  • I"d like to turn to…
  • That"s all I have to say about…
  • Now I"d like to look at…
  • This leads me to my next point…

當然，你可以用一些小詞，比如「right」 "well" "ok"等來表達你要轉向另一個主題啦。

4. Phrases for introducing visuals 如何解釋表圖？

做這種presentation，通常會穿插一些圖片，或者表格來做輔助說明的。所以，如何引導觀眾去看圖表呢？下面這些方式可以試試看哦！

如何引導觀眾去看圖表？

  • This graph shows you…
  • Take a look at this…
  • If you look at this, you will see…
  • I"d like you to look at this…
  • This chart illustrates the figures…
  • This graph gives you a break down of…

然後，作為演講人，你需要稍作暫停，給觀眾一些時間去消化圖表上內容，然後向他們解釋圖表的意義，比如像下面這樣：

  • As you can see…
  • This clearly shows …
  • From this, we can understand how / why…
  • This area of the chart is interesting…

一般來說，圖表就是一些charts，通常來說，分為line charts和pie charts

  1. Line charts （線狀圖）show a relationship between two variables over a period time.
  2. Pie charts（餅狀圖） are best for showing percentages and proportions. With pie charts, we show how important each part is, and how it adds up to the total.

那麼，一般做演講用到圖表，一定是要講各種變化，趨勢。來看看各種變化怎麼地道表達。

  • 一般程度的變化：slight, minor, steady
  • 劇烈程度的變化：dramatic, major, massive, disastrous, rapid, unparalleled
  • 從時間維度來看的變化：gradual, sharp

比如你跟公司領導彙報：

Our revenues took a dip in the third quarter.

Our revenues took a slight dip in the third quarter.

第二種方法是不是讓領導心裡更舒服些呢~

既然是變化，就有以下幾種情況：上升、下降、有升有降、平穩，那些具體怎麼表達呢?

1、上升的說法

  • 一般程度上升: climb, rise, increase, gain, strengthen
  • 劇烈程度上升: surge, rocket, soar, go through the roof, jump

2、下降的說法

  • 一般程度下降: decline, decrease, drop, fall, slide, weaken, dip
  • 劇烈程度下降: slump, crash, collapse, plummet, plunge

3、回升的說法

  • rally
  • recover
  • improve
  • bounce back

例如：Our revenues took a slight dip in the third quarter but rallied to its previous levels within the first month of the fourth quarter.

4、穩定的說法

  • 一般程度的穩定: hold steady, level off, stabilize
  • 長期的穩定: stale, immovable, stagnant

例如：

Despite some ups and downs, our growth is relatively stable. (Positive) After a year of ups and downs, their growth is stagnant. (Doubtful)

5. Summarising 如何收尾？

臨近結尾的時候，演講人需要做一些整體性的總結，比如可以這麼說：

  • That brings me to the end of my presentation. I"ve talked about…
  • Well, that"s about it for now. We"ve covered…
  • So, that was our marketing strategy. In brief, we…
  • To summarise, I…

6. Echo the opening statement 如何呼應主題？

演講和寫文章一樣，前後呼應非常重要，在結束的時候，可以來一段這樣的話，讓觀眾更加明白這場演講的意義是什麼！

如何呼應開頭？

  • So I hope that you"re a little clearer on how we can achieve sales growth of 20%.
  • To return to the original question, we can achieve…
  • So just to round the talk off, I want to go back to the beginning when I asked you…
  • I hope that my presentation today will help you with what I said at the beginning…

7. Handling questions QA如何搞定？

一般演講最後，都有QA環節，和觀眾做互動，那麼一般要怎麼說呢？

QA表達

  • Thank you for listening – and now if there are any questions, I would be pleased to answer them.
  • That brings me to the end of my presentation. Thank you for your attention. I"d be glad to answer any questions you might have.

回答完了，可以再次問下觀眾的想法，比如這樣說：

  • Does this answer your question?
  • Do you follow what I am saying?
  • I hope this explains the situation for you.
  • I hope this was what you wanted to hear!

但如果你不知道如何回答，可以這麼說，避免尷尬

  • That"s an interesting question. I don"t actually know off the top of my head, but I"ll try to get back to you later with an answer.
  • I"m afraid I"m unable to answer that at the moment. Perhaps I can get back to you later.
  • Good question. I really don"t know! What do you think?
  • That"s a very good question. However, we don"t have any figures on that, so I can"t give you an accurate answer.
  • Unfortunately, I"m not the best person to answer that.

8. How to make correction？ 如何自我糾錯？

演講就像潑出去的水，說錯了，當然難以收回了，但是還是有一些表達，可以讓你從尷尬境地中走出來，比如：

緩解尷尬的表達

  • Let me just say that in another way.
  • Perhaps I can rephrase that.
  • Put another way, this means…
  • What I mean to say is…

以上，歡迎補充哦~

在外企工作，靠PPT吃飯，這裡分享下如何做好一個英文的Presentation，如何做好一場英文的presentation不僅僅是技巧的問題，更多的在於你的經驗，而Presentation是我們的一個綜合能力的體現。（公眾號：外企er 微博：外企er英語，歡迎關注）

  1. 思路清晰

首先，一個Presentation的核心就是思路，所以思路清晰是做Presentation的最基本的要求。一個簡單明了的outline可以幫助你以及你的聽眾捋清思路，給聽眾一個清晰的脈絡，給人條理性強的印象。

2. 邏輯分明

上學時，從數學，到寫論文以至於到打辯論賽，邏輯無時無刻不存在我們的學習，生活以及工作中。寫論文時如果你的論據不構成因果關係等又或是不足以論證你的論點，那麼你假設的論點就無法被論證。同理，當我們在做一個presentation時，它就是一個關於你的論點的recommendation，那麼你的presentation就要做到邏輯分明，並且你的論據要能夠充分的論證你的論點，合理的數據支持當然必不可少。

3. 內容緊湊，時間把控

內容緊湊，重點突出。將重點內容穿插安排，引起聽眾共鳴，把控現場氛圍起伏的節奏。最後注意時間的安排，不要讓收場變的虎頭蛇尾。

4. 語言精簡，注意細節

關於細節，把Title 對齊，長度最好不超過一行的60%，字體以及大小統一，這些細節都會成為你是否能夠做好一個Presentation的必要條件。並且我一直認為一個PPT的細節能代表你的Presentation的氣質，從而代表你的工作態度。比如，我一直非常鍾愛一個品牌的襯衫，原因是領口和袖口翻過來有底紋，所以我一直認為細節是可以打動消費者的，當然也能打動你的客戶和領導。最後想說，語言要精簡，slide上的文字越少，那麼你可以靈活發揮的空間也就越大，從而讓你更容易掌控現場。接下來給大家分享一些常用句型。

Welcoming

  • I am pleased to welcome you to our company.

  • It』s an honour to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.

  • Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about…

  • Hello everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.

Introduce Presentation

  • The subject of my presentation is …

  • I shall be speaking about….

  • Today』s topic is…

  • Today we are going to give a presentation on….

  • Before we start our presentation, let』s have a look at the agenda…

  • In today』s presentation I』d like to … show you … . / explain to you how … .

  • In today』s presentation I』m hoping to … give you an update on… / give you an overview of … .

  • In today』s presentation I』m planning to … look at … . / explain … .

  • I shall be offering a brief analysis of …

  • The main area that I intent to cover in this presentation is…

  • Thank you for the opportunity to tell you about..

  • I』m going to present/explain …/brief you on…

  • The purpose of this talk is to update you on…/put you in the picture about…/give you the background to…

Introduce time spending of your presentation

  • During the next ten minutes, I shall…

  • I shall be speaking for about ten minutes…

  • My presentation will last for about ten minutes…

  • I don』t intend to speak for longer than minutes…

  • I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief.

  • I shall only take…minutes of your time.

  • This should only last …minutes.

Introduce the structure of your presentation

  • There are five main aspects to this topic (…the first,…the second,…a third,…another,…the final)

  • I am going to examine these topics in the following order (…the first,…next,…after that,…finally)

  • My presentation is divided into five parts.

  • I am going to start with a general overview and then focus on …(…in general,… more particularly).

  • There are a number of factors that may affect…

Starting the presentation

  • I』m going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.

  • I would like to start by briefly reviewing …

  • Let us start with the …

  • The first thing I would like to talk about is…

  • The first point I』d like to make is …

  • To begin/start with …

  • Let』s start/begin by looking at …

Beginning a new section of the presentation

  • Now let』s move on to … .

  • Next I』d like to take a look at … .

  • Moving on to the next part, I』d like to … .

Concluding and summarising the presentation

  • In a conclusion…

  • I hope I have made all of you understood…

  • I hope this give you some idea/clear idea/an outline of…

  • Let me end by …

  • I hope I have shown you a clear picture of…

  • Well, that brings us to the end of the final section. Now, I』d like to summarise by …

That』s an overview of … . Now, just to summarise, let』s quickly look at the main points again.

Explaining that there will be time for questions at the end

  • If there are any questions, I』d like to …/I』d be delighted to…

  • I』d be glad to answer any questions at the end of my presentation.

  • If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.

  • Please interrupt me if there is something which needs clarifying.

  • If there are any questions you』d like to ask, please leave them until the end, when I』ll do my best to answer them.

  • If anyone has any questions, please feel free to ask them and I』ll do my best to answer.

Dealing with (difficult) questions

  • I』ll come back to that question later if I may.

  • I』ll / We』ll come back to that question later in my presentation.

  • I』ll / We』ll look at that point in more detail later on.

  • Perhaps we can look at that point at the end / a little later.

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    微博：外企er英語

    持續更新，歡迎關注。

presentation成功的決定點在於觀眾與你的共鳴，這種success大部分取決於演講者的現場主控力，有關presentation的展示軟體，只是一種輔助，這種輔助在某種意義上講可以不存在。

所以你的注意力首先要放到你自己的身上，從基礎上看，你的語言是否流暢，你的動作是否優雅，你的衣著是否得體；再進一步，你的語言是否能夠吸引觀眾，是否有適時的幽默與值得推敲的內涵，你演講的內容是否真正有益，你的肢體動作是否配合你的演講。當然，這一切得取決於你願意為這個presentation花費多少時間與精力，假設這個presentation演講內容非常晦澀，你是否願意不斷花時間查各種資料然後各種理解再將這些所得以意賅的方式傳達給觀眾。假設presentation有時間限制，你是否願意提前幾天在一個地方自己掐著表不斷重複自己的演講直到對時間的把握胸有成竹。

其次是展示軟體，不同的場合選用不同的軟體，是學術展示還是課堂展示等等。經典的是PPT，我還是比較提倡PPT，PPT做好不簡單，PPT很多高階的功能很多人並不會，如果你有把握做好那真的非常棒。然後最近有了很多新興的展示軟體，比如丹麥的prezi，還有最近中國的斧子演示AxeSlide，和prezi類似，比較特色的功能比如縮放、跳躍感、3D縮放在powerpoint中可能很難獲得。教程，軟體等多關注一些公眾號，網上資料很多。還有這些新興軟體有很多的模板做的非常不錯。然後在一條主線下可以加一些視頻等等進行渲染。最後要記住所有的軟體要為你的展示服務，不要喧賓奪主，這樣別人會記住你的軟體，而忽略對你的興趣，換句話說，你要保證你的演講內容和內涵比你的展示軟體精彩。做這些展示軟體的時候要注意你的字體、顏色對比等等，比如一些細節像不要把大段文字放在整個屏幕上，不要照著ppt念等等就不說了。

還有一點注意！你演講的場所用的電腦安的office是03.07.10.13還是安的wps呢？你做的時候用的軟體會不會不兼容？一些效果是否能展示？視頻能放嗎？如何保證展示的時候不亂碼？這裡有一些技術細節百度。提前做好與presentation相關的工作，提前在你的U盤裡準備好某些軟體的安裝包等等。你的QQ密碼被盜引起朋友的損失很大程度上是因為你自己沒有保護好你的密碼，誰讓你不提前做好措施？同樣如果到時候因為展示軟體出問題而打破你的演講，這是你自己的責任，誰讓你沒有準備好？

我很反對那些索然無味的演講，如果你自己都對你演講的內容不算了解或者沒有興趣，那也不要期望台下的觀眾給你任何反應。

轉自各種地方

轉帖一

成功英語演講的秘訣：開場白、結束語

應對問題

-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation.

-Please can you save your questions till the end.

-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.

-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so please feel free to ask me anything then.

-Don"t hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.

-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.

-Please stop me if you have any questions.

-If you need clarification on any point, you"re welcome to ask questions at any time.

-Can I come back to that point later?

-I will be coming to that point in a minute.

-That"s a tricky question.

-We will go into details later. But just to give you an idea of...

-I am afraid there"s no easy answer to that one...

-Yes, that"s a very good point.

-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentation

-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perhaps you wouldn"t mind waiting until then.

-I think we have time for just one more question

歡迎聽眾(正式)

- Welcome to our company

- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...

- I"d like to thank you for coming.

- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming

歡迎聽眾(非正式 )

- I"m glad you could all get here...

- I"m glad to see so many people here.

- It"s GREat to be back here.

- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.

- Welcome to X Part II.

受邀請在會議上致詞

- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...

- I am grateful for the opportunity to present...

- I"d like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...

- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman

- It"s my pleasant duty today to...

- I"ve been asked to...

告知演講的話題

- the subject of my presentation is...

- I shall be speaking today about...

- My presentation concerns...

- Today"s topic is...

- Today we are here to give a presentation on...

- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I"d like you meet my team members...

- A brief look at today"s agenda...(告訴聽眾所講內容的先後順序)

- Before we start our presentation, let"s take a brief look at the agenda...

- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...

- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...

- Take a moment and think of...

- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...

告訴聽眾發言的長度

- During the next ten minutes, I shall...

- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...

- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...

- I won"t take up more than ten minutes of your time...

- I don"t intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...

- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief

- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I"d better make a start...

引起聽眾的興趣

- I"m going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.

- My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...

- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...

- I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...

- the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...

- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...

- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...

告訴聽眾內容要點

- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)

- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally)

- I"ve divided my talk into five parts...

- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...

- I"m going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).

- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it (...specifically, ... in a wider context).

- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...

- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.

- We all ought to be aware of the following points.

結束語

-In conclusion, I"d like to...

-I"d like to finish by...

-Finally...

-By way of conclusion...

-I hope I have made myself understood

-I hope you have found this useful

-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...

-Let me end by saying...

-That, then was all I had to say on...

-That concludes our presentation...

-I hope I"ve managed to give you a clearer picture of...

-If there are any questions, I"d be delighted to...

-Thank you for your attention...

-Let"s break for a coffee at this point

-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here

-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you

轉自http://www.cc2z.cn/abc/html/kouyujicui/20070821/4.html

轉帖二

做presentation，我們要注意對話題的準備以及態度和身體語言等等，除此之外，我們還應該掌握一些常用句型。

1. Right, let"s get started.

2. Let me introduce myself.

3. I"ve divided my presentation into three main parts.

4. Just to give you a brief overview.

5. I"ll be saying more about this in a minute.

6. I"m sure the implications of this are clear to all of us.

7. There"s an important point to be made here.

8. OK, let"s move on. (go on to make your next point)

9. As you can see, the figures speak for themselves.

10. To go back to what I was saying earlier.

11. Are there any questions you"d like to ask at this point?

12. I"d like to look at this in more detail.

13. Let"s put this into perspective. (to explain it this way)

14. Perhaps I should expand on that a little.

15. To digress for a moment? (to depart from your plan)

16. So, to sum up?

17. That brings me to the end of my talk.

18. Thank you. I"m sure you all have lots of questions.

轉帖三

1.Greeting, name, position

Ladies and gentlemen. It』s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.

Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. I started out in….

Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It』s a pleasure to be with you today.

2.Ttile/Subject

I』d like to talk(to you) about….

I』m going to present the recent…

explain our position on…

brief you on….

inform you about…

describe…

The subject/focus/topic of my presentation….

We are here today to decide…

agree…

learn about….

The purpose of this talk is to update you on

put you in the picture about…

give you the background to…

3.Length

I shall only take …minutes of your time.

I plan to be brief.

This should only last …minutes.

4.Outline/Main parts

I』ve divided my presentation into four parts/sections. They are….

The subject can be looked at under the following headings:….

We can break this area down into the following fields:

First/First of all…

Secondly/then/next…

Thirdly/and then we come to…

Finally/lastly/last of all….

5.Questions

I』d be glad to answer any questions at the end of the my talk.

If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.

Please interrupt me if there』s something which needs clarifying. Otherwise, there』ll be time for discussion at the end

轉帖四

I. Opening Remarks開場： Sample Opening Remarks

1) Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium.

2) Ladies and gentleman. It』s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.

3) Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.

4) Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction. President, Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Is my voice loud enough?

5) Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about…

6) Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a car?

Expressing thanks to the Chairperson 向主持人致謝

Mr. Chairman, thank you for your introduction.

First, I would like to thank Mr. Chairman for his gracious introduction.

Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction.

I would like to thank Dr. Huang （主持人或推薦你來發言的上司）for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.

Forms of Address and Greetings對聽眾的稱呼

Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!

Members of the conference!

Expressing Pleasure and Honor 向聽眾致意

I am very happy/glad/pleased to be here in Hong Kong.

I am honored/privileged to be here (with you this afternoon).

I am proud to be here on this special occasion.

It』s a very great pleasure for me to be able to attend this conference.

I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium/ at this conference..

It is a great pleasure to be given the honor of first speaker on this important topic.

Others 細節，如確認話筒音量

Can you hear me all right?

Is my voice too loud?

Reference to the Audience 與聽眾呼應

I can see many of you are from …department.

I know many of you are familiar with this topic.

You all look as though you』ve heard this before.

I understand that you』ve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little tired. Now I』d like you to see an interesting topic…

II. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入話題 Background Information

I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery.

Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.

To begin with, we have to consider the principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.

I should like to preface my remarks with a de script ion of the basic idea.

May I begin with a general outline of this project?

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture.

The first point I"d like to make is the historical background of the invention.

First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.

Topic

I would like to concentrate on theproblem Of antibiotic abuse in hospitals.

I shall devote my talk to the surgical treatment of coronary disease.

I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering.

Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine.

My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova.

In today"s talk, I" 11 restrict myself to the etiology of 15-epa~i;s.

In my presentation this morning, I" 11 limit myself to three major points only.

I take the liberty of restricting my discussion mainly to highway bridge construction.

Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem.

Among the many languages, I shall mention only BASIC.

What I am going to present today is the methodology and the data analysis.

I"m not going to say much about that except to discuss the literature on that topic.

Outlining

My talk today consists of two parts. One is... and the other is...

I"ve divided my presentation into four parts.

I shall first talk about ... and then touch on... and finally discuss ...

The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ... (Pointing to the PowerPoint display)

I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...

My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals with ... The second part relates to... The third part concerns ... And the last part discusses…

Purpose/Objective

The purpose of this presentation is to...

This talk is designed to…

Comprehensive Samples

Sample 1

Thank you, Mr. Chairperson, Mr. Director-General, distinguished members of the ILO"s Governing Body and friends. I welcome this opportunity to be here today, with an Organization which in many ways belongs to all of us workers. I can think of, in fact, no other international body that one can claim as one"s own so unambiguously.

I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO. Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars. It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important Symposium.

The canvas of the Symposium is very large. I will focus on two aspects of gender inequality that centrally effect millions of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they deserve. First, the gender gap in command over property and Productive assets and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social norms.

Sample 2

I learned last May that you have to be careful in speaking to a group of professional communicators. After I conducted a writer" s workshop at the Toronto Conference of the International Association of Business Communicators, Janine Lichaczwrote asked me to speak here tonight and used the communication techniques I had recommended. She even included a footnote citing my lecture. I am susceptible to good communication and to flattery so I am pleased to be with you to discuss your topic for the evening, the use of language in the art of speech writing.

I suppose we must begin by shaking our heads, woefully, over the sad state of language today, whether in formal speeches, casual conversation, or in writing. Most of us in this room no doubt agree with the generally negative tone of Time Magazine"s year-end assessment which claims 「our language has been besieged by vulgarities」. But to preserve our sanity as professionals in communication of us would probably join Time in optimistically expecting English somehow to survive and even to prosper.

Expressions on Other Occasions

Correcting the Title of the Presentation

First of all, I would like to mention that the title of my presentation should be ...

Please allow me to correct a mistake in the title of my speech which appeared in the program. Instead of... it should read...

Reading. Another Person"s Paper

Sometimes you are selected to read another person"s paper, as he or she is absent.

I shall read a paper by Dr. Li from Guangzhou, china, who regrets that he could not be here. The title of his paper is...

I"m going to read the paper by Dr. Wang. It"s a great pity that, because of a health problem, he could not be here.

I was asked by the author to read his paper. He apologizes for not being able to come here.

The next speaker, Prof. Zhang, regrets that she could not be here and has submitted her paper to me. I am not sure if I can present it as well as she expected.

I am not sure whether I" 11 be able to be very confident in answering specific questions. However, I am somewhat familiar with his work, so I" 11 try my best.

Checking the Microphone

First I want to check if all of you can hear me clearly.

Am I speaking clearly and loudly enough for those in the rear of the room?

I wonder if those in the rear of the room can hear me.

If those in the rear of the room can hear me, would someone please raise his hand?

Can you hear me clearly?

Can you hear me if I am away from the microphone?

Is the microphone working?

* Summary-How to Prepare a Good Introduction

Realize file great importance of the introduction of file presentation mad then do your best in delivering it.

Don" t make file introduction either too wordy, or too brief. Usually, it covers 10 to 15 percent of your entire speech.

Select tile ways to capture the audience attention.

Indicate tile topic.

Outline your Speech.

Announce your purpose.

Prepare several versions of tile introduction, compare them, and then select the best version. Finally, learn it by heart so as to be able to deliver it easily mid fluently.

Don"t start your speech with apologies.

Pay attention to your body language.

Chapter II Developing the Speech Text I. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text

To begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I』11 use in my presentation.

II. Shifting to the Next Main Point

Well, let"s move on to the next point.

We will now come to the second problem.

Turning to the next question, I" 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.

As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let" s turn our attention to the third topic.

So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.

Now, let"s move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.

That"s all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.

Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.

The next point I"d like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.

That brings me to my second point.

I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.

III. Resuming the Topic

Let" s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech.

Getting back to the subject of the problem of theoretical considerations we can find that...

I want to return to the first part of my presentation.

Now, to get back to the effect of temperature, you may be aware that the problems have been solved.

This brings me back to the question of security.

At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.

Referring again to the first question, I think...

Referring to the Coming Point

I"ll deal with it later.

I" 11 touch upon that point in a moment.

I shall tell you in detail shortly.

IV. Introducing the Supporting Materials

I think this part is the most difficult, so I"ll explain it in greater detail.

I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it.

Please allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.

Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides.

I" 11 expand this topic with drawings and figures.

Indicating the Points Briefly

Limited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.

I don"t think that I should describe the methods in detail, because they are included in the handout.

I will not go into detail on it.

This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.

Let"s go through the following points very rapidly.

I just want to outline for you what I experienced in using this new drug.

I shall not go over all these explanations. My time is running short. So I"』11 be brief.

It is sufficient to say that these experiments were poorly designed and without controls.

V. Repairing a Slip of Tone

The first of such experiments began in 2000, rather than 1999.

May I have the lights, I mean the slides.

The temperature increased, I shall say decreased.

The population is 13 million, sorry, 31 million.

The exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8, I beg your pardon, 1.9.

As you can see from the first row, excuse me, the second row, that the output increased two fold.

VI. Expressions Concerning Audio-Visual Aids

Could we have the lights off? And the first slide, please.

Lights off, first slide, please.

Dim the lights, and first slide, please.

The slide is not so clear. Please darken the room a little more.

Could you please turn on the lights, please?

Now, we can have the lights on.

Please switch on the lights.

Lights on, please.

I apologize that this slide is not so clear, but I hope you can still make out the general idea.

Sorry for the small print.

I"m sorry we left a figure out here.

VI. Explaining the Contents on the Slides

This slide demonstrates ...

On this slide, you can see...

This curve in this slide shows...

This figure in this slide exhibits...

This table on this slide presents...

This diagram on this slide depicts...

This chart on this slide displaces ...

The picture on this slide shows ...

The photomicrograph on this slide shows ...

The flow-chart on this slide points out...

The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~

Indicating the Sources of the Content in a

This figure is taken from.., by Dr. Li.

This diagram is after that of Prof. Wang with some modification

VII. Demanding to Show the Next Slide

May I proceed to the next slide, please?

I think we can move on to the next slide.

Let me show you the next slide.

Now, we can go on to the next slide. "

Next slide, please.

Next, please.

Next !

不請自來。

大學以來做過的pre將近三十幾個，國內國外都做過，課堂展示/case study比賽形式都有。另外在康奈爾學過effective communication專門講了怎麼做pre，以下總結自己的經驗。

先列一個目錄，對於重要的部分後面再著重講。

1. 前期準備

1.1 對整個presentation有足夠的了解

· 我的主題是什麼？topic是什麼？point是什麼？（topic不同於point。topic可能是給定的，那麼point就是能動腦筋的地方。）

· 我的聽眾是誰？老師還是同學還是老闆還是評委？

· 我的目的是什麼？一次課堂展示？一場比賽？

· 我有多少時間？如果是團隊展示，那麼團隊多少時間，我多少時間？

· 我是第幾個出場的？（如果靠後且講的是同一主題，那麼評委/老師可能會累，內容上就要儘力有亮點）

1.2 展示工具的使用

· 能用PPT輔助嗎？有麥克風嗎？

· 如果使用PPT，那麼就有很多可以講究的地方。我在最後專門講一下ppt。

1.3 排練

非常重要的一點！

我最早的時候仰仗良好的口語，總是不寫稿子。後來發現對自己的要求不能僅限於此啊。所有優秀的presentation，（比如喬布斯啥的）都是千萬次排練出來的。

排練工具：錄音工具，鏡子，有經驗的同學們。

2. pre時注意事項

2.1 Verbal message

Verbal message指我們演講的內容，包括但不限於屏幕上顯示的PPT,老師手中的hard copy上的文字部分。內容部分的好壞這裡就不討論了，與提高presentation能力有些跑題，我認為題主指的應該就是在內容已經定了的情況下，該怎麼去講。（已經知道講啥了，該怎麼講得更好的問題）

注意：verbal message的重要性，視不同場合而定。我的經驗是，如果聽眾手中不能拿到紙質版的文件，那麼重要性就降低了。因為聽眾一般是很難你說的每個點他都掌握，怎麼去講，講的技巧就變得非常重要。

但是也不是說完全不能提高了。Verbal message非常重要的是要使你的Presentation有完整的邏輯和結構：

· Effective opening：講明白topic, point, structure，任何聽眾需要的background information

· Convincing body part：你的論證部分，或者說主體部分

· Conclusion：非常重要。而且進入這個部分前，最好動作誇張（舉例子）讓聽眾知道你要總結了。總結的東西要精闢，完整。如果聽眾中間打瞌睡錯過了主體部分，聽你的conclusion也能抓住重點。而且這可是給聽眾留下深刻印象的最後機會啊！！力求完美，能夠升華。

2.2 vocal message

這是除了演講內容以外的部分，非常非常重要，重要性常被低估。我曾經與某個同學對比，TA的演講內容如果寫成一篇report會比我有血有肉優秀的太多，但是講得好不好直接決定了你的聽眾願不願意聽，聽不聽得進去！所以努力的提高這部分，才是提高presentation能力的重中之重。

我大致分一下有這麼幾點：

· pronunciation：我假設了presentation都是英文，非常非常重要

· pace：比如重要內容前的停頓，決定了他能不能捕捉到你的Key message

· sound and volume：令聽眾聽得清，且舒服

· body language and facial expression: 比如你站哪，要不要走動，要不要激情澎湃的用大量動作，還是站定嚴肅一些，這些都取決於你在什麼場合

· fluency：非常重要，不然給人沒好好準備之感

3. 事後evaluation（重要！）

這點很容易被忽略。之前會被老師要求，每次Presentation都寫總結，自己哪裡做得好，哪裡做的不好。還會寫peer review. 看看別人給自己提的意見太重要了。不然永遠無法提高。

舉個例子

前文中的一些補充：

關於PPT部分：

美觀/模版重要，但沒有你想像中那麼重要，重要的是邏輯。我們有直接用了白底黑字，毫無模版，也不影響你的Presentation.

如果聽眾能拿到紙質版，那麼其實字體小一點也沒事，他們一般也不會抬頭看屏幕上的字。做完ppt以後，邀請一個別人來看，能不能看懂你的邏輯，重點是能不能快速捕捉topic, point, evidence, conclusion這些。

如果聽眾不能拿到紙質版，那麼字體要看得清，顏色要看得舒服，字少可以用黑底白字，字多盡量灰白底為主。（字多字少，取決於你講什麼玩意，有的主題你只要放圖就好，有的consulting類的話沒有字肯定是不行的，所以沒有規定）

關於如何evaluation的一個tip

我之前每次presentation都會錄音，回去之後自己聽自己的，哪邊講得好，哪邊講得不好。

如果能搞到錄像，那麼是最好了。。。

如果是團體Presentation:

出場順序很重要，最後一個要有控場能力，開頭的那個人高調霸氣以求炸場（joking）

團體的話，排練就更重要了，比如隊員默契這玩意就不是一天兩天弄得出來的…

好的…寫的有點累了，暫時先這樣吧。

一、脈絡清晰，主次分明，重點醒目。 一個Presentation，演講者的思路是核心。只有思路清晰，聽眾才能知道你進行的步驟及當前講到了哪，否則很容易讓聽眾糊塗。

下面是兩個「問題及建議」的對比PPT。

上圖問題和建議堆成一堆，放眼望去找不到重點，細讀問題和建議無針對性。

下圖將問題歸類，並且建議針對問題提出。採用了對應的形式，一目了然。

誰的脈絡更清晰，誰做了更深入的思考，大家心中都有數。

二、形式簡約，語言凝鍊。 能用圖表，不用文字。能用總結性文字，不用描述性文字。做減法。

下面為兩張介紹「學習經歷」的片子。自行對比。


看似簡單，但只要做到這兩點，就足以秒殺大多數人。

圖片文字都是為脈絡服務的。沒有明確的思路和大綱，炫目的圖片和華麗的詞藻只能打造出空洞的花瓶。

三、眼神篤定，表達自信。準備足夠充足，這點自然可以達到。參見柴靜的《穹頂之下》。

只做一點點補充

對於ppt：

1、標題清晰，整份ppt結構層次清晰；

2、可以ppt出來一個關鍵詞/句，說一小段話；再出來一個關鍵詞/句，再說一小段話。不要一次性把所有內容都打上去然後一點一點講下來。

3、圖片 優於 關鍵字 優於 大段文字

4、注意「重複、對齊、對比」的設計原則：如何設計一張高品位高水準海報？ - 平面設計

5、注意配色、字體與演講風格的關係：科技風？紅專風？實驗報告風？

6、動畫效果保持一致與單一（推薦「淡出」），除非有特殊突出某個信息的要求。動畫持續時間控制在0.5以及0.5以下。

7、明確ppt只是輔助用！presentation的主體在於主講人以及講稿。

對於演講：

1、說話一定不要像發子彈一樣——「流利，但無節奏和強重音」。 演講時，要做好停頓，強重音，語調升降，語速快慢緩急的處理。可以看幾個高水平的TED，或者領導者的演講或者。。易中天？做相關演講者的模仿。

2、如果非演講大神，請寫好演講稿。不介意精確到每個字。在演講稿上標註好停頓，強重音，語調升降，語速快慢緩急。

3、一定要熟練演講稿以及停頓，強重音，語調升降，語速快慢緩急。一定要熟練演講稿。一定要熟練演講稿。一定要熟練演講稿。

4、站在投影左或者右前方，適當的手勢：小幅度揮舞、伸手指向投影幕上的所講內容、小幅度擺手等

5、熟知演講稿的邏輯以及結構。

關於如何眼前一亮：

1、做到以上所說的已經可以完爆大部分人了。

2、開頭時以疑問句或者設問句開頭。設置好包袱懸念，告訴大家在之後的演講中後給大家解開疑惑。看看易中天叔叔。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------未完待續

這個回答旨在從細節角度提升presentation skill，我的觀點是：越好的準備，自己就能夠越自信；越多次的訓練，就越有可能做成一個比較好的水準的presentation。眼前一亮的感覺未必是驚喜，可能就是完善的細節。
不知道是否有一點跑題。

這個回答將從幾個方面談presentation： 如何整理和準備？ 在操作中如何做？ 收到feedback後如何反思並進一步提升？

回答中所有內容都是來自我長期訓練和反思的總結，都是具有很不錯的操作性。任何想法或者質疑都很歡迎在評論區討論。

關於如何準備： 1）了解這個presentation：
你為什麼需要做這個presentation？
是宣傳你的企業？是講一個理論？還是介紹你們的project成果？

同時明確時長要求，和視覺輔助工具的使用規則：
是否允許使用ppt或者keynote等其他軟體（這裡強烈不建議使用prezi）
使用PowerPoint時，對於頁數有明確要求嗎？
時長是怎麼樣的？如果沒有時長要求，盡量在20分鐘內完成，因為人們注意力有限。

2）第二步很重要：了解聽眾； 這一點很關鍵，也比較容易被忽略；很多緊張都是來自於聽眾的反應；

你的聽眾是你的同學，還是比你職級高的管理層，還是老師/教授；

他們的背景如何？能否理解你提出的專業術語，他們的專業程度有多高？
這些直接影響你應當如何準備你的語言和你PPT中的內容。

他們是被迫聽你的presentation嗎？
被迫的意思就是他們至少不會在你講的時候走，無論你講的多糟，他們都會給你鼓掌；非被迫情況往往是商業情況，你需要抓住他們的注意力在presentation比較早的階段。

3）關於製作Visual Aids （PowerPoint） 一般情況下，請使用淺色背景，深色字體。原因是現場的投影設備可能很好也可能很糟糕，深色背景淺色字體在糟糕的放映設備下會造成災難。

對於Slides多少沒有嚴格要求，提前需要確認好能否使用可以自由走動的設備（我不知道那玩意兒叫啥）如果不行的話，可以選擇靜態的方式，站在電腦附近演講。這種情況下可以考慮在ppt軟體中給出大綱和提示。

關於presentation提示：自己可以帶一些作好記錄紙來提醒自己講到哪裡，還要補充哪些。只要這些輔助的東西不影響你的傳達！

一定要以觀眾為中心，理解他們想聽的是什麼，presentation往往不是展現自己什麼的。

提前到現場看一下，設備如何？如否有麥克風，後面的人能看清前面的字體嗎？後面的人能聽到多響的人聲。

杜絕一切花哨的效果，杜絕一切奇怪聲音的效果，杜絕一切彈出插畫或者嬰兒笑臉什麼的，理由如上。

4）關於全詞稿（是這個名字嗎？）
如果這個presentation對你很重要，而且你沒太多信心能駕馭得好，那麼也許把你想說的每一句話寫成Transcript是個不錯的選擇。 需要注意的是，背誦transcript的缺點是，你在演講的時候可能會有一些猶豫，到底是在背書呢還是在整理句子和語言？這可能會增加緊張的風險。

一點高級技巧： PPT每一頁slide製作時候，可以分批次讓Text出現，新版本的ppt在做這些效果的時候容易了很多； 字體選擇最好不要小於20； 英文字體選擇很多，中文字體大多數都很醜，我個人偏好微軟雅黑。

關於演講時候的技巧： 1，剛開始的時候不用特別快直入主題，可以向大家問好一下，輕鬆下氛圍；同時確認一下自己發出來的聲音到底夠不夠大；

2，在演講時候，不要懷疑自己的presentation能力；這個東西發展了這麼多年，每個人有不同風格，很正常；不用拿自己的presentation和別人的對比，沒什麼意義。

3，注意眼神交流： 要看著觀眾，盡一切可能不要把自己的背對著觀眾；

眼神最好要均勻得分配給不同觀眾，這樣能讓他們感受到被融入到了這個裡面，也間接防止他們無聊，開始玩手機，最終導致你的緊張；

4，講得時候，一定要讓觀眾很清楚的知道我們到底在哪裡； 定時的recapping一下，就是回顧一下這一部分我在說的是什麼，這是個很反自然的狀態，一般沒人習慣講完一部分後小小得回顧，但是這個真的很有幫助！

5，音量中等偏大最好，這樣能讓別人覺得你自信； 聲音最好有一定起伏，這樣聽眾能通過聲音的起伏更好地抓住重點；

高階技巧（10場以上經驗後考慮練習）： 增加一些互動，然而這一點有風險：
如果你拋出問題，觀眾一臉懵逼看著你，然後你自己笑笑，全場瞬間會爆冷，然後自己也變得緊張很多；互動能夠讓氣氛好一些，代入感好很多，不建議講什麼笑話如果你的幽默感一般。

一些走動；我喜歡思考著走動並講著，這顯得我比較自信，也很自然。當然這一點完全看風格，靜態的presentation也很cool。

至於長久提升的細節，我日後講。

如果你覺得有幫助，你的贊同會鼓勵我，謝謝。

著作權歸作者所有

廣告分割下

===============================================

最近開了關於大學生職業規劃的Live，深度分享，可操作性：

知乎 Live - 全新的實時問答

大部分大學生做不好presentation的根本原因在於題目選的太大了。

大學生常見的presentation主題是什麼?xxxx概述，xxxx發展概況，xxx行業現狀分析，xxx的未來趨勢。如果你是諾貝爾獎獲得者，世界500強企業創始人，在人民大會堂國會大廈作報告，時間兩小時起步，那你這麼講是沒有問題的。

問題是在校學生做presentation的時間是有限制的，5-20分鐘不等。這麼宏大的主題一條條講下來，不超時是不可能的，講的粗略了又是些盡人皆知說爛的梗。

大學生是沒有足夠的功力駕馭這麼宏大的主題的，演講材料大多是百度拼湊而成，講的時候自己都不知道自己講的是啥，不是低頭念材料，就是把所有的文字材料密密麻麻打在ppt上看上去非常不美觀。

所以最要緊的是選一個自己能說透的點。

來與題主分享tips。像PPT或者Keynote自己做，練習次數越多越好這些就不費筆墨了，我來說說我用過且很好用的tips。

1. 把重點的前一張PPT設置為空白，這樣會使觀眾將注意力轉移到presenter身上。這個我也是從知乎上學來的，親測有效。就是使用時得做好心理準備，因為大家看到空白頁下一秒會把注意力以及目光轉移到presenter的身上，所以當時台下的人一齊把頭轉向我時，我真的是小懵了一下。效果很贊，時隔半年我的同學還記得我當時說了什麼。

2. 著裝得體。不知題主是男是女，男生請襯衫西褲+皮鞋（不要運動鞋，千萬不要！），不用擔心overdress，它們會讓你顯得意氣風發；女孩子一定要嘗試高跟鞋，不要直女癌地拒絕高跟鞋（full cover），或者怕崴腳怕摔倒，高跟鞋真的會讓女生更修長挺拔有氣質（5厘米最佳，7厘米也可，10厘米的你要去夜店么）。還有女孩子如果是長發，嚴格要求的話是要梳成馬尾的。

3. 不要拿手稿，可以把記不下的歸納一下重點放到PPT上。做presentation時不停地看手稿會讓人感覺你沒有充分準備好，也很不專業。如果我是觀眾，看到presenter對著手稿念，我會情不自禁的走神。

4. 多走動走動。 不要定在一個點不停地說說說，來回走動一下也會讓觀眾把目光集中在你身上，你自己也會更放鬆，這樣也有利於肢體語言的表達。

暫時先想到這幾點。

對有些人來說，我寫回答又不是為了覥著臉取悅你，不愛看滾蛋，真是莫名其妙。你我之間沒有利害關係，你若覺得有用學著就是；沒用就算，反正我又不是給你分的人。傻逼兮兮地要求別人不存在的義務真是挺可悲的。

關於在大學裡的課程相關presentation，從marker的角度談一下怎樣我會給分和扣分，以及怎樣給marker留下好印象。很顯然這是非常主觀的，但我會參照具體評分標準嚴格執行。這些點是有針對性的，如果你是在別的地方做presentation那麼它們不一定適用。活學活用吧，講多了就自然知道了。

  1. 脫稿。不脫稿一律扣分。我並不需要你來念transcript。
  2. 站定了再開始。有講台的話走到中間，靠近觀眾一點，站定了停上一兩秒再開始，效果拔群。不要一打開slides就開始，一開始著急了整個presentation都不能緩下來。
  3. 一句話自我介紹。沒有這個部分不一定會扣分，但是一句簡練的自我介紹既可以讓marker專註起來，又可以讓你進入演講狀態。Presentation里展示的不僅是你的成果，還有你的個人形象。另外，marker如果要聽很多presentation的話有時候並不很明白你是誰，這時候「我是誰」，「我要講什麼」就讓人非常愉悅了。
  4. 摘要。同樣是沒有這個部分不一定會扣分，但是在presentation開始的時候先介紹一下總體結構更專業一點。摘要部分要簡練，所有不含信息的廢話都刪掉。根據具體內容，可以講一下研究問題/意義/主要方法/主要發現/結論，兩三句結束。有趣的點可以在這裡先單獨強調一下然後在後面展開，這樣既讓人眼前一亮，又有呼應，又能吊著marker的興趣保持專註。語速慢一點，畢竟這裡的信息都是新的，而且marker在消化的同時會建立對這個presentation的期望。
  5. Know your target audience。這個點經常被忽略，其實會被扣分。就收購併購來說，你是在對acquirer的board講呢還是在給target firm提供建議呢？還是你只是在做一個case study，沒有明確的audience？這決定了你在提供background info時候的廣度和深度。收購方的股東/董事會很顯然希望你多談一談target firm industry，而不是大談特談本公司的背景。同樣的，後續的內容也要根據audience來修改。
  6. Information content in each slide。分情況，這可以是扣分點也可能是加分點。如果你的slides是拿去給人看的，可能每頁里都滿滿信息是可以接受的。但是在有限時間的presentation里，不要學習有些行業報告之類的slides每頁都寫滿字。不然在你演講過程中marker不知道應該認真聽你講還是看你的slide。為難marker就是為難自己。除非你的presentation能力非常強悍，能靠個人魅力吸引marker注意你並且帶領marker選擇性地瀏覽一些信息。畢竟，在presentation里slides是輔助！太多信息會扣分。
  7. 雜項。
    1. 該提供數字的時候一定要提供數字。不要slide上就一句話，你演講里提到一長串各樣數字。除非這些數字完全不重要，只是說著玩。
    2. slides的樣式要一致。字體啊大小啊配色啊……真難以置信商學院都快畢業了這都做不好。說實在，一個超級精美的slide加分有限。但是統一的style和配色應該是基本要求吧。
    3. 眼神交流。老生常談了，但是大部分人緊張做不到可以理解。但盯著marker看一會要一開一下啊，不然也讓marker不舒服。
    4. 不要有太多小動作。抓衣服啊，撓鼻子，扣耳朵，顯然不要做。更不要踱步繞場一周……難以置信竟然會有這樣的人。而且也不要有太多手勢，太多了就分不清什麼是在強調，於是就變成無意義地亂舞了。
    5. 語速不要趕。尤其是很多中國同胞，不是把英語講得很快就是好。慢一點慢一點慢一點。如果因為時間限制的關係說不完全部的內容，那顯然是你rehearsal的時候有問題。如果真的說不完，那問自己你真的去掉全部廢話了么？什麼才是真正重要的信息？什麼是audience想知道的？什麼是你真正想告訴audience的？沒有了這句不行了的那種。
    6. 要是group presentation的話，誰講話誰站出來，不要窩在一起。銜接的時候介紹一下下面是誰要講什麼。回答問題的時候不要一個人大包干。讓一個人專門負責introduction挺蠢的。

暫時就想到這些，分分鐘加十分。

PPT是什麼？powerpoint.

恰好就是一個好的PPT以及一個好pre的關鍵：有power，有point。

慢慢來，多講幾次。問問聽眾的反饋

很多答案從PPT內容安排等方面說得非常詳細啦，我就從語言控制和身體姿態方面來具體講講。

前幾天靠情懷和口才賣手機的羅永浩又開發布會推新機，老羅靠著在新東方練就的一張鐵嘴足足撐滿了三個小時，據說其間某某總監串講的時候，大家幾乎睡著，老羅一回來就滿血復活。人跟人，差距咋就那麼大呢（攤手）

老羅的發布會presentation，就像是一場超級大課，老羅神態自然放鬆，高音調配合胸腔共鳴，語速極快，沒有任何卡殼，只偶爾用上課慣用的重複句尾詞和「是吧」來給自己的思維爭取點緩衝時間。

我們再來看看微信大神小龍哥的發布會表現（現場視頻請戳張小龍：小程序正式發布，開啟移動應用新時代 | 騰訊大學 ）

小龍哥萬眾矚目地站在微信小程序發布會現場，不用開口，只要站在台上，就有無數粉絲瘋狂，但presentation顯然沒有經過很多準備和演練。身體姿態，雙肩前扣，身體晃動；語言上呢，音量不夠，聲音含在嗓子里，語速偏慢，出現很多嗯嗯啊啊等filler words(填充詞)，估計是沒時間好好準備，連開場的套路寒暄都頻頻卡殼。

最後我們來看看雷布斯的歷屆發布會presentation的表現，誰說程序員做不好presentation，雷布斯的presentation一年比一年做的好，滿滿都是正能量。

雷軍曾經說在創業做小米之前，自己的職業生涯很背，每次都錯過大的機會，最勤奮卻總是沒有選到風口，結果豬都飛起來了，自己還沒上去。

可presentation這件事情，只要勤奮，只要練習，就一定會進步。

2011，小米手機第一次發布， 也是雷軍第一次公開亮相做發布會。由於是第一次，沒有經驗，身體左右晃動非常厲害，兩手相握下垂，攤開的手勢非常多，走動很多。語調比較勻速，給人背書的感覺，音調也非常高。

2012，第二代小米發布會，身體輕微晃動，形成了固定的手勢，兩手握翻頁筆放在胸前，手勢上已經避免了太多過大的動作。語言上，音調很高，語速稍快，但是仍然比較勻速，像在背書，而且重音會破音，缺乏胸腔共鳴。

2013，小米3小米電視發布會基本沒有太大變化。

2015， 紅米note3發布會，已經開始語調變的沉穩，開始講故事。

2017.2 最近一次小米手機5c發布會，身體沒有晃動，目光照顧到各處的觀眾，肩膀打開，雙手握在胸前。雖然仍缺乏胸腔共鳴，語調也比較少變化，但語速適中，有突出重音和適當停頓。

從三位大神的presentation中我們可以總結出好演講的技術指標：

1. 語言表現：表達清楚，重點清晰

? 語調多變(vocal variety)：

＝音量(volume)大小，音調(pitch)高低，語速(pace)快慢結合；

? 沒有過多重複（會話分析中叫做repair），不卡殼

? 極少填充詞(filler words)例如嗯嗯啊啊

2. 身體動作：自帶氣場，鎮定自然

? 站姿挺拔，不駝背聳肩

? 身體穩定，沒有過多晃動

? 眼神與聽眾有互動

? 沒有過多太大的手勢

3. 內容：吸引眼球

? 好故事

? 多細節

? 短總結

具體怎麼講故事可以看蘇三之前的文章：聽說，會講故事的人比較容易成功

presentation最重要的任務，就是吸引聽眾。而不盡如人意的presentation，演講者自己都能感覺到講著講著，"糟糕，沒人想聽了"。這些問題主要由兩個語言上的原因導致：

  1. 語調單一 ，(英文叫做Monotonic)，沒有變化，讓人昏昏欲睡。就像和尚念經，讀所有文字只有一個語調的模式。
  2. 太多filler words，也就是我們常用的嗯嗯啊啊，這些填充詞讓你的每句話支離破碎，聽眾需要很努力的把被打碎的信息組合起來。

怎麼克服這些問題，做個精彩的presentation？

  1. 改變呼吸方式，用腹式呼吸，多用口腔胸腔共鳴。
  2. 重音放在重點詞上，像用熒光黃的記號筆在重點詞上」打高亮「。
    具體操作：在重點詞上，提高音調，加大音量，放慢語速。
    例如： 「我想買一隻紅色的鉛筆」
    「我想買一隻紅色的鉛筆」
    「我想買一只紅色的鉛筆」
    「我想買一隻紅色的鉛筆」
    「我想買一隻紅色的鉛筆」
  3. 有意識地停頓，保持觀眾的注意力。
    要剋制自己稍微接不上詞就用嗯嗯啊啊隨便一填的習慣，適當的停頓，可以把觀眾拉回來。
  4. 像講故事一樣做presentation，在其中穿插各種小故事。
    老羅句句都是段子，雷軍也講了他當年隻身去北京的闖蕩的初心。TED talk更是這樣，所有talk開場必是故事。
  5. 跟聽眾保持對話的狀態：就像跟老朋友講話，不要只想到傳達信息，更要注重哪些是他們應該最感興趣的。
  6. 最重要的，錄音練習，反覆練習，甚至過度練習。
    做好提綱和ppt之後，反覆演練，並且錄音，重複聽自己的錄音，注意有沒有語調單一和填充詞的問題，有意識地修正。
  • 更多內容請關注我們的公眾號：語言就是力量
  • 我們一起：好好說話 · 天天向上

建議改一改追求的目標，把東西說清楚最重要。

能用通俗易懂的語言，簡明扼要地表述信息，重點突出，層次清晰，已經足夠讓我眼前一亮了。

PPT如果能簡潔美觀，再加一分。

To be a good presenter you need...

a. a well-structured talk

b. thorough subject knowledge

c. a smart and and professional apperance

d. a good sense of humor

e. good eye contact

f. an enthusiastic attitude

g. a strong voice

h. a creative use of visuals

i. expressive body language

j. careful preparation

以上是上口語課的時候提到過的，當時外教是讓我們排序其重要性。依我之見第一名必須是careful preparation 雖然我這兩年做的presentation展示對象只是老師和同學 但因為我是個強迫症 每次我都很屁顛屁顛地去做 …（不然我也不會在手機上刷到問題又麻溜地找課上拍的照片又怕格式不好看開電腦(?_?)） 這點很重要啊哈哈哈…

1. 要是需要用到ppt 那ppt的質量很重要！短短几分鐘的學問很大！

2. 高清控（你懂的）圖片啊什麼的必須高清 觀眾看著也好受

3. ppt上字盡量少 最好就只有一兩字單詞！！（逼格滿滿→_→ ）前提是你必須熟悉你的材料 totally!!!

4. 前面有人說到口音很重要 必須的！（如果是中文的presentation 聲音起碼也必須鎮定自若 不慌不張）具備以上所有很加分啊，分分鐘抓住觀眾眼球啊...

先醬吧～

個人認為有幾點關鍵的：

1 說你想說的，想表達的

2 娓娓道來

3 一個引人入勝的開場，可以依據現場的實際情況再定，要不幽默，要不引入思考

4 不要背稿子，只記重點（準備稿子時，也不要逐字逐句，記下關鍵詞或適當的表達方式）

5 上場之前，不要重複練習，以激發自己的情緒為主。

6 不要嘗試設計動作，自信、落落大方即可

參加過一些演講比賽，見過了很多中國式的演講，各個西裝筆挺，練習腹語發聲方式，慷慨激昂，ladies and gentlemen。。。其實沒必要那麼複雜。

演講其實就是，如何用你的表達影響他人，主要靠思想。

謝邀

其他中規中矩的東西我就不說了，重點是怎麼眼前一亮。

在做展示的時候，最不重要的就是你的嘴。

那麼讓人眼前一亮的要素，是你的眼睛和肢體語言。

這是我的眼睛，別回頭看PPT，要看觀眾。

肢體語言需要自己來摸索，我提供一個範式：表示強調的時候，我會用舉起拇指和食指到眼睛前面掐著虛空，審視指間。表示我在提出一個重要的點。自己摸索的這些肢體語言會更自然地流露出來，如果你的手勢和口述不同步就很彆扭。

眼睛，和你的肢體語言，讓你的展示眼前一亮。

ppt要好看但不喧賓奪主。最好用pdf和ppt兩種方式存儲，以免現場尷尬。雲端和本地各要存一份。文字不多，如果是講課式的或者是學術報告的話，文字還是很重要的，但是每張ppt還是不要放太多字。條理要清楚，項目編號要放上去。動畫不要太多，可以用重複某張ppt，改動一小部分來實現動畫效果。

先要介紹presentation的outline即梗概，讓觀眾對你的pre了解一個大綱。在各部分之間最好有清晰的分隔。

最重要的還是要能把問題講清楚，從觀者的思路去思考問題。比如他們想知道什麼，他們是什麼水平。以至少三分之二在聽的人聽懂為宜。

至於把問題講清楚其實也是個學問，比如說對於項目式的答辯，你要能把項目的背景意義這些言簡意賅地介紹了，重點說自己具體做了一些什麼，實現了什麼功能，遇到的問題和解決方法之類的。觀眾大多喜歡聽具體的東西而不是抽象概念。

準備presentation的時候最好打下草稿，演練幾遍，計時。尤其是用非母語做pre時，要注意不要犯低級語法錯誤，咬字清楚，語速慢一些，語調正常。要把提問的時間留出來。

用一個大家聽起來不會乏味的方式來講，但是也要分場合。如果三分之二以上的人都在聽，那這部分就成功了。

講的時候最好配一些手勢，讓你的pre不至於太單調，眼神不要飄忽，均勻地注視觀眾，在某些關鍵點說完後可以停下來觀察他們的表情或者眼神反饋。

利益相關：大學期間基本每個月都要做幾次presentation的人

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