responsibility duty obligation和liability的區別是什麼？

01-07

這4個單詞都帶有「責任」的意思。具體每個都有區別嗎？區別是什麼？

嫌正文長的可以直接跳最後的黑字

先看看來自《牛津英英詞典》的解釋：

liability： the state of being legally responsible for something（things for which someone is responsibile, especially an amout of money owed)

意思是需要對什麼付法律責任，其中尤指還款賠償.複數形式liabilities意為負債，債務

例句：Tenants have legal liability for any damage they cause

承租人造成的任何損壞都要付法律責任

duty：1）a moral or legal obligation

2)a task or action that one is required to perform as part of ones"s job

第一個意思是道德或法律上的義務，責任，第二個意思是指你工作的職責義務

例句：Martin"s duties include cleaning the cars

馬丁的職責包括清洗汽車

obligation：the condition of being morally or legally bound to do something

意為道義或法律上的義務責任。具體區分法律或者道德角度的話還可以在前面加上形容詞

moral/lega;/social obligation 道德/法律/社會義務

responsibility這個比較微妙

第一個意思：a duty to be in charge of someone or something, so that you make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens，意思是你的責任，但這方面的責任和上面那位說的有出入，注意到something bad happens，該你負的責，如果出了什麼問題你是要背鍋的。

第二個意思是：blame for something bad that has happened（對不良事件）付的責任，意思是你得負責，因為事情搞砸了。

例句： the managemennt accepts no responsibility for cars left in the car park

管理部門對停車場停放的汽車不承擔任何責任。如果你的車掉了，這是壞事，管理部門不負責（諸如不賠償之類的）

總結一下：liability主要指是你欠了錢，要還錢的義務

duty主要指是你的工作應盡的義務責任
obligation主要指法律或道義要求你的義務
responsibility是出了問題你要背鍋的義務

liability 主要指債務，負債，欠別人要還的負債。比如對方借你一百萬，這一百萬就是你的liability.

obligation主要指欠別人的要完成的事情，比如簽一份合同，對方付你一百萬，你要為對方跳一年脫衣舞，那這一年的為這一百萬而跳的脫衣舞就是你的obligation.

duty主要指工作職責，任務，負責範圍，分內事。比如你是個脫衣舞女郎，你的duty就是跳脫衣舞。

responsiblity主要是責任。比如你這個脫衣舞女郎在工作duty跳舞之餘，還要照顧自己小孩，那這個就是作為母親的responsiblity。

不能贊同他人所講。Sorry but I"m not in sympathy with (some of) your elaboration despite your effort.

liability : LEGAL responsibility, related to the LAW. If you refuse it, you are likely to face prosecution. Often but not always connected to money.

obligation : what you have to do due to FEAR, either of authority or of morality.

duty : what you commit yourself to doing (possibly actively) according to your specific ROLE in a certain place (workplace, society, inner self, etc.) / position / situation.

responsibility : what makes you have INTERNAL INCENTIVES to complete, for example, a duty, others" expectations, etc., even in the absence of others" supervision.

However, any two out of these four words may well become INTERDEPENDENT within a certain context, so it is UNWISE to differentiate one from the others rigidly unless you hope to get as far as philosophical studies.

舉幾個例子liability 法律責任 e.g. Limited Liability company

corporate social responsibility 企業社會責任

duty free 免稅

Obligation 義務