為什麼中國不出台那種懲戒虐待普通動物的法律?
首先感謝各位知友的回答。
我在答案里的評論只留了一條,其餘的都刪了。一個普通的問題,真覺得有些人不必用某些強烈的辭彙或語句。有爭執是好事,但是請保有自身的良好品行。~~~~~~~~原問題:就是以前看到一個視頻說是用火烤活著的牛,然後很不敢點進去,今天又看到那個視頻,最近微博不是划到視頻就自己開始播嘛,我就看到了,好難受,以前看字就覺得難受了,這會兒更難受得不得行。我好想幫他們,真的好可憐的小動物。
然後我就想知道為什麼中國沒有對於虐待動物的行為的立法,然後懲戒他們。PS:我不否定吃肉食,但是我真的受不了這樣的。就是你們能不能理解這種感受嘛,不知道怎麼形容。剛剛看到有人說虐待難以定義,我覺得這個是問題。但是有些喪心病狂了比如上面這個真的就沒法在法律上阻止了嗎。~~~~~~~~~我得重申一下上面已經說過了的話。我不否定吃肉食,但是這個方式是不是太不人道了的。你如果要用我不是一個徹頭徹尾的素食主義者這個來斥責我,那我無話可說。
另外再補充一下,那個視頻下面就是一隻狗狗在沸水裡面掙扎的視頻。~~~~~~~~~另外,有人講家暴,校園暴力的,這些問題沒有可比性。都是亟待解決的問題,所以請不要再來質問我怎麼不去關心那些問題了。~~~~~~~~~
實際操作層面來講,不具有可操作性。怎麼樣的程度算虐殺?虐殺標準誰來制定?哪些動物被殺了算違法?常吃的雞鴨魚牛豬都是動物,一刀殺不違法?還是十刀殺就算違法?爭議最大的狗到底能不能吃都尚未有定論!哪個部門來管?公安?專門成立個動物警察支隊?怎麼管?怎麼發現案件?不是誰都會在光天化日之下虐殺動物?現在公民認為動物是個人財產,想如何對待是自己的事,就算警察管了,也不定得到社會輿論的支持。管了之後怎麼判?我國龐大的人口基數,監獄和看守所基本處於飽和狀況,虐殺動物的罪犯該往哪裡去服刑?最重要的,是出台這樣的法律沒有任何民意基礎。任何法律的制定都是社會發展的結果,目前我國公民權利意識也才剛剛開始覺醒,人權保障都沒有完全做到位,談保護動物權利還是為時尚早。
關鍵在於執法力度太難,目前的執法能力範圍不適合增添這類法律首先,政府得解決好「即使是自家的老婆孩子也不能隨便亂打虐待」這個法律問題群眾們得建立好「即使是兩口子、父子倆也不能隨便亂拉亂扯」的觀念然後再討論「即使是自己的動物也不能隨便虐殺」的問題連貴乎這類站在人民群眾巔峰鄙視眾生的群體,都存在著「聖母可恥,人權(我權)最高,莫管他人門前雪」的政治正確,又怎麼可能指望在全中國推廣這麼一個對GDP和社會穩定毫無幫助的法律呢。讓狗粉和狗販自己去內部鬥爭消耗仇恨值吧。趙家喜聞樂見。
權利永遠是自己爭取的。
首先,請其他動物自己主張權利。對於虐殺的定義,把蟲子踩個稀啪爛算虐殺不,一條蚯蚓截個五六節算虐殺不,用個粘鼠板把老鼠粘在上面活活餓死算不算,還有實驗室裡面的活體小白鼠,它們全部都生活在水深火熱中啊,誰去拯救它們 ,直接把醫學藥學實驗停了吧,太可啪了。都是動物啊,不是小貓小狗就不愛護了嗎,國家怎麼去管,各大高校估計要興起一個新專業了,動物法醫學,發現一個動物屍體讓一個法醫去鑒定一下這是咋死的,然後有動物的家庭一片配一個警察,每天監督動物的生活狀態,看看有木有人在虐待小動物。不過那些養狗場的,估計就算不是虐殺,殺狗的視頻傳到網上,估計也是罵聲一片吧。所以到頭來還是要分類,分出所謂的不可以虐帶的一類。國家真是閑的蛋疼了才會去管這些破事,畢竟,有些生命,對人來說,太微不足道,即使國家有了這種法律,我相信所帶來的意義,也只是多了一部空殼文字而已。畢竟前一陣子鬧的那麼大的各種校園霸凌事件不還是沒人管么。
再提這類問題之前,建議先問自己三個問題:
存在現實需要嗎?法律關係釐清了嗎?操作層面可行嗎?至少前兩個問題要得到(高強度的)肯定性答覆,立法才有可能。
現實不是執法難。判三年有期,難,不符合國情,但有拘役加罰金,司法系統是很樂意管這類案子的。
關鍵是,現實需要不夠強烈,法律關係在現有框架內也不夠清晰。
一方面,自行宰殺動物的行為大量存在,「虐殺」難以界定。不說殺豬宰羊屠狗烹雞,就是活煮大閘蟹什麼的,醉蝦什麼的,現殺活魚什麼的,一樣殘忍。要考慮動物生存質量,至少也要等到食品工業化達到一定程度,大多數人遠離屠宰行為之後。
另一方面,動物權益還沒有得到足夠的社會認同。有權益才有保護。動物在現有的法律框架內只是會呼吸的私有財產和無主物,沒有人格身份,所以除非殺的動物價值比較高涉嫌故意毀壞財物,在公開場合虐殺涉嫌違反治安管理處罰法以外,傳播虐殺視頻牟利涉嫌違法(我不確定,大概是傳播淫穢視頻?請谷歌crushfetish),對這類行為現有的調整手段極為有限——這也是為什麼屢屢出現激進的動物保護主義者人肉執法。
在重新定義人對動物的精神性權利前,如果要對虐待動物做出禁止性規定,就要先定義動物的「人格權」。無論怎樣都意味著現有立法觀念的突破。
至於最後在立法博弈階段哪些動物受保護,具體怎麼操作,如何規制和懲罰相關行為,都是第三個層面的問題。如果沒有法,就努力去推動社會認同。
所謂擔心動保動用私刑,那是因為在這個領域有意識的萌芽,但公權力的管轄是缺失的。要保護動物,或者保護萌物,其實並沒有什麼錯;反對他們也沒什麼錯。發善心也好,捍衛人權也好,都要遵守基本法。自己家養的動物屬於個人合法財產,如何處置個人合法財產是個人自由,他人不得干涉。如今網上傳出的事件問題在於,將虐待動物的視頻公開導致他人感到不適,這才是有違道德的。在不妨礙到他人的情況下(比如血腥氣味、叫聲、衛生狀況),怎麼對待個人合法財產,甚至是他人口中的「虐待」,都是合法且不違反道德的
法律的制定者在制定法律時是要考慮社會影響的。或者用以前魯迅先生的一句話,叫做「我向來是不憚以最壞的惡意來推測中國人的」。制定法律時,不僅要考慮法律所能帶來的益處,更要考慮法律可能帶來的問題。
舉個例子,以前一個搞法律的朋友曾經神秘兮兮的問我:知道我國為啥不能實施安樂死不?他說他的導師以前參加人大立法工作時,被從事醫療的代表帶到icu看那些渾身插滿管子的慘兮兮的病人,那位委員指著導師他們說,你們怎麼忍心讓人這樣受苦?
然後,導師他們開了個會回顧了在醫院看到的觸目驚心的場景,然後得出安樂死不能合法化的結論。
為什麼?因為「我向來是不憚以最壞的惡意來推測中國人的」。安樂死的合法化,對於某些壞人來說,等於為他提供了一個合法殺人的途徑。誰來決定一個人是否可以達到被執行安樂死的標準?可不可以通過藥物等等使某個人達到安樂死的條件?能被安樂死的病人的意志由誰來代表?安樂死會不會成為某些子女提前獲得遺產的手段?
題主的這個想法反對虐待動物的初衷是好的。但是這個「虐待」怎麼定性?怎麼量刑?怎麼處罰?前面很多答主都提出了我也不再贅述了。但是更關鍵的一點在於,也就是「我向來是不憚以最壞的惡意來推測中國人的」
這個法律的實施會不會為某些潑皮無賴提供一個碰瓷的合法手段?
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想到了些新的,再補充下。
定罪,量刑方面的困難很多答主已經說了,我就來談談執行方面的問題。
如果發現有虐待動物的行為,誰來執行處罰?
警察肯定要排除掉。虐待動物這種行為除了場面觸目驚心,破壞社會主義精神文明建設之外很難說他有什麼社會危害性。警察辦案也是有優先順序的,指望警察只能說比較難。
市容相關(cheng)部門(guan)這支戰力強勁的隊伍是非常適合的,可惜他們多半在城市街道出沒,如果虐待行為發生在室內或者郊外,很難發揮戰鬥力。
文化部門同上。
順帶說下大家討論比較熱烈的屠宰方面。
歐美有些國家對動物屠宰有相關的規定。例如澳大利亞只允許用電擊的手段殺死牲畜,嚴禁使用電擊以外(例如我國殺豬常用的割喉放血,殺雞常用的開水燙毛)等會讓動物遭受巨大痛苦的不文明行為。
但是,那是在歐美國家。
我國目前還是以經濟發展為首要目的,這種為了減輕商品痛苦,從而帶影響商品質量(知道為啥外國牛排會帶血了吧),增加商品成本的,與發展經濟的目的背道而馳的法律,是不太符合我國國情的。
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忘了回答題主「為什麼中國不出台那種懲戒虐待普通動物的法律?」了
你以為人大的代表們都跟你似的吃飽了撐的沒事幹么人被虐待的相關法律問題還沒解決,怎麼會解決動物呢?
虐待動物立法的話,首當其衝的會是寵物行業的人。在目前的中國,動物的權利相對於人的權利,是微不足道的。功利地講,在我們能夠較為完善地通過法律保障人的權利之前,動物的權利受到法律的忽視,是合乎邏輯的。另外,雖然沒有法律保護,但是道德輿論也在一定程度上保護了動物的權利。
知乎上就是有些人喜歡把自己的冷酷當作理智來炫耀,把其他人的善良當作玻璃心來嘲諷。看看這個問題下面的答案就知道了。
我還聽類似的說法,叫「人人平等」但從事實上說,人一生出就不平等。有人聰明、有人富、有人美。這是一個事實判斷。但為什麼還要說「人人平等」?人人平等的意思是「人與人之間應該要平等的」。這是一個價值判斷。我們道德、美德很多都不是事實判斷,而是價值判斷。所以我願意成認萬物平等這個價值觀。就像我明知人不可能平等,但我會去提倡。這才是社會的進步。黑人奴隸時代到今天就是進步!
那些說我聖母的,我可以很負責任的說,我不指望也不要求你們付出什麼,我也不會譴責你們什麼因為我沒有這個權力,但你們陰暗的內心要是被我刺痛了,那麼我深表歉意並衷心希望你的內心能因此多一些陽光。還有。請不要用自己的價值觀來衡量整個人類。人之所以稱為人,是因為有人性,雖然有些人人性比正常人少了那麼一些,但因此覺得世界上所有人都跟自己一樣就不好了,為了自己的心理平衡把人性比自己多的人稱為聖母就更是不對了。
總之,我呼籲一部能保護動物權益的法律儘早出台,也希望越來越多的人能意識到動物的生命和人的生命是平等的,這就是我寫寫篇回答的全部理由。感謝每一個為我點贊並支持和鼓勵我的人,希望我的表現沒有讓你們失望,如果這篇回答能讓您有所感悟那是我的榮幸。感謝提出有價值的談論開啟我的思路的人,沒有你們這個回答不會得到完善。ps評論區不會關,沒這個習慣,遇到有價值的談論我會參與,其他的就恕不奉陪了。我不知道虐待動物的人是不是會虐待人,然後我去找各種研究報告。國內的找不到就找國外的。找到一個想貼在知乎上。為了讓別人能看懂,每天翻譯一點。翻著翻著發現被舉報並刪除了。那麼多內容並沒有完整保留,有的是直接貼上的,有的是隨手生成一個小文件臨時翻譯再貼上來的。為了復原自己的心血,我又花了好幾個小時把以前翻譯的內容東拼西湊合在一個文件中。
舉報就點一下,但刪除的內容可是我一周來每天晚上好幾個小時的成果。我把這個故事講出來,有兩個目的:
1,舉報者要的不就是別人辛苦的成果瞬間消失欲哭無淚嗎?虐待動物恐怕也一樣。我覺這個目的達到了。舉報者可以在屏幕背後開心大笑的。
2,知乎不歡迎花費大量心血在知乎上認真答題的嗎,將這樣的人逼走是意欲何為?
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原文作者:NYSHA Board Member, Harold Hovel, Ph.D.
原文出處:Home Page | NYSHA ? ? New York State Humane Association原文鏈接:http://www.nyshumane.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Connection_Animal_And_Human_Abuse.pdf
感謝:知乎雪南飛在編輯、排版、校對上的大力協助。
授權:本文英文版權歸原作者所有,中文翻譯全權授權知乎雪南飛管理。關注雪南飛索取中英對照翻譯版。
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The Connection Between
Animal Abuse and Human Violence
動物虐待和人類暴力的相關性
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
執行總結
Animal cruelty is linked directly or indirectly with every type of violentcrime and even with most non-violent crime.
虐待動物和每一種暴力犯罪,甚至和大多數非暴力犯罪都有直接或間接的關係。
Human beings would benefit enormously if fighting animalcruelty (investigating, prosecuting) were taken seriously. Many human lives
would be saved and much human suffering would be prevented.
如果我們嚴正對待虐待動物行為(調查和起訴),人類將會從中廣泛受益。很多人的生命將得以拯救,很多人的苦難將得以阻止。
Violent individuals are 「made」 and not born. Children areborn with a love of animals, but the home environment plays a major role in
determining a child』s prosocial or antisocial personality and behavior. Child
abuse, neglect, abandonment, and witnessing domestic violence are major factors
in creating violent individuals.
暴力犯罪人並非天生的,而是「練成」的。孩子們天生熱愛動物,但是在決定孩子親社會或反社會的個性和行為上,家庭環境扮演了主要的角色。
Enuresis, arson, and animal cruelty in children are earlyidentifying factors related to future violence. Early intervention may be
effective in changing the pathological path a child is taking.
兒童的遺尿、縱火、虐待動物為未來暴力確定了最初的鋪墊。早期干預可能有效地避免孩子滑入這條變態之路。
The majority of juvenile crime offenders and schoolshooters were involved in animal cruelty. Most violent crimes are committed by
young people under the age of 30. A majority of prison inmates were involved in
animal cruelty at some time in their early lives.
大多數青少年犯罪和校園槍手都涉嫌動物虐待。 大多數暴力犯罪都是30以下的年輕人。大多數囚犯都有早年虐待動物的經歷。
Dog fighting involves crimes such as drugs, guns, illegalgambling, pet theft, murder, and gang violence. 30 – 35 fatal dog attacks take
place annually by dogs trained for fighting.
斗狗行為涉及毒品,槍支,非法賭博,寵物偷竊,謀殺,團伙暴力。每年有30-35起致命狗咬事件都是由訓練的斗狗引發。
Serial killers are closely linked to animal cruelty, somuch so that it is exceedingly rare to find one who did not begin his or her
career with animal abuse.
連環殺人案與動物虐待緊密相關,並且關聯度如此之高,以至於你很難找到一個殺手不是從虐待動物開始犯罪行為的。
Domestic violence (child abuse, spouse battering, and elder abuse) is closely
associated with animal cruelty. Perpetrators use animal cruelty to control
women and children in abusive situations. Battered women often remain in
abusive situations out of fear for their pet. Animal cruelty is 11x more likely
in domestic violence households than in non d.v. households.
家庭暴力(虐待孩子、配偶和老人)與虐待動物緊密相關。犯罪者往往通過虐待動物來控制受虐的婦女兒童。受虐的婦女出於對寵物的恐懼常常只能被迫忍受。家暴家庭的動物虐待超過非家暴家庭11倍以上。
Stopping domestic violence is a key to reducing ourviolent culture. Nearly all violent criminals and violent psychiatric patients
were abused as children, and nearly all started committing animal cruelty at an
early age.
制止家暴是減少暴力行為的關鍵因素。幾乎所有的暴力犯罪和暴力性精神病患者在兒童時代都有被虐待的經歷,而這些暴力行為又幾乎是早年從虐待動物開始的。
Reasons to Care About Animal Cruelty關注動物虐待的理由For people who care about animals, the question neverarises. Animals are living, breathing, sentient beings that cohabit the Earth,
that feel joy, love, and happiness, but also suffer and feel pain just as human
beings do. Cruelty is incompatible with a caring, moral society where empathy
is a venerable quality.對關注動物的人來說,他們根本不會提出這樣的問題。動物是鮮活的有呼吸有感情的生命,和我們在地球上一起生活,和我們人類一樣,能感受快樂,愛與幸福,也能感受或遭遇痛苦。在這個充滿關懷,崇尚道德的社會,同情是一個可貴的品質,殘忍是與這個社會不相容的。For those who don』t care about animals, there are still
many reasons to be concerned, reasons in their own self-interest. There is a
close connection between animal cruelty and most forms of violent and
nonviolent crime. Those who are committing or have committed animal abuse are
far more likely to be associated with assault, rape, murder and serial murder,
arson, domestic violence, and pedophilia, than are nonanimal abusers. Children
who begin their young years abusing other living beings are at higher risk of
future criminal behavior.對那些對動物莫不關心的人來說,出自各自的興趣,他們依然有一些理由關注這個問題。動物虐待和大多數形式的暴力非暴力犯罪緊密相聯。那些正在虐待虐待動物的人,或者虐待過動物的人,比那些未虐待動物的人,更有可能會牽扯進毆打、強姦、謀殺、連環謀殺、縱火、家庭暴力、戀童癖這些行為中。幼年時有過虐待其他生命的少年,未來犯罪的幾率更高。None of this is conjecture; it is borne out by countless
studies and statistics. So why should we care about cruelty?
Fighting animal cruelty would:
n save many human lives
n prevent much human suffering
n prevent much animal suffering
n help to protect children
n help to protect women, children, and elders from
domestic violence
n lead to far less human violence overall
Studies done by the Department of Justice, the FBI, the Association of
Chiefs of Police, and many commissioned university professors under contract to
these organizations show that animal cruelty is: - a predictor of future human
violence; - an identifier of likely suspects; - an
indicator of on-going child, spouse, or elder abuse; - and a felony for the
most egregious cruelty incidences in all 50 states.
這不是猜想,是由無數研究和統計證明的結論。那我們為什麼要關心動物虐待的問題呢?
- n
反對動物虐待,能拯救很多人的生命; - n
反對動物虐待,能阻止很多對人類的傷害; - n
反對動物虐待,能阻止很多對動物的傷害; - n
反對動物虐待,對兒童保護有益; - n
反對動物虐待,有益於保護家暴中的婦女,兒童和老人 - n
反對動物虐待,能減少暴力犯罪數量
司法部,聯邦調查局,警察局長協會以及與這些機構協作的很多大學的研究表明:
動物虐待,是未來針對人的暴力犯罪的預警器,是嫌疑犯的判別依據,是持續的虐待兒童婦女老人的指示器。在美國50州中,大多數嚴重的動物虐待都會被判重罪。Violent
Offenders Are Made, Not Born
暴力犯罪不是天生的,而是養成的
Some psychologists and geneticists
might contend that there are 「bad genes」 that predispose a newborn to a life of
violence. While genetics may certainly play some role, 「nature versus nurture」
is a far more powerful influence. A child』s parents are the biggest influences
and role models in his or her life. Children brought up with love and understanding,
respect, and pro-social values taught at home and elsewhere are on a path to
becoming valued and responsible adults that will repeat such a positive
upbringing with their own children.
一些心理學家和遺傳學家爭辯說,可能「壞基因」導致人的暴力。遺傳學當然可以發揮一些作用,但「先天與後天」是一個更為強大的影響力。孩子的父母對孩子生活的影響最大。在家庭和外面伴隨愛與理解、尊重、社會價值等成長起來的孩子,成長方向是一個重視價值、富有責任的成人,並且將這種積極向上的行為不斷傳遞給自己的孩子。
In contrast, a child brought up in an
abusive home, undergoing neglect, abandonment, sexual, or physical abuse, or
witnessing abuse of his or her mother, learns that violence is a normal way of life,
and will very likely repeat that cycle when (and if) they become an adult.
Along the way, the child may take out his or her anger and frustration on
others weaker than they are, likely starting with animals and often becoming a school
bully and a future child or spouse abuser. They may also become involved in
violent or non-violent crime.
與之相反,在虐待、持續漠視、目睹母親被虐待的家庭長大的孩子,會將暴力視為生活日常,並在長大成人後很有可能重複這種怪圈。順著這條怪圈,孩子也會將憤怒和沮喪發泄到比他們弱小的事物上,開始是欺負動物,然後成為校園惡霸,或者未來虐待孩子和配偶。他們也可能參與暴力和非暴力犯罪。
As statistics from federal and state
prisons and criminal psychiatric facilities show: Nearly all violent
individuals were abused as children, and over 70% of them began their violent
careers with animal cruelty.
聯邦和各州監獄,以及精神病犯罪研究機構統計數據顯示:幾乎所有暴力犯罪人在童年都受過虐待,其中70%以上都是從虐待動物開始他們的暴力行為。
If violent offenders are made and not born, why can』t we figure out what
makes them and break the cycle?
如果暴力犯罪不是天生而是後天養成的,我們為什麼不找到這些犯罪根源並根除它們?
Decades of study by learned
institutions, journals, national science associations, psychology and psychiatric
organizations, university professors, and other professional associations all
lead to one conclusion:
學術機構,新聞媒體,國家科技協會,心理學和精神病學組織,大學教授等專業協會經過幾十年的研究,得出一致結論:
Domestic violence is the single most
important factor that creates violent individuals and perpetuates the cycle of
violence.
家庭暴力是產生暴力犯罪暴力並製造暴力循環的唯一的最重要的因素。
Combatting domestic violence much more
aggressively than society has done in the past would be of enormous benefit to
society, and animal cruelty is the way most violent individuals begin.
與過去打擊社會犯罪相比,阻止家庭暴力有更加積極的意義,對社會更加有益。而動物虐待,則正是大多數暴力犯罪的始發地。
The degree of
violence each year is staggering. The Table below shows yearly averages for
several types of violent crimes in the US, averaged over about a 20-year
period. Fortunately, violent crime has decreased somewhat after the start of
the new century, but remains hugely costly in both human terms and societal terms,
representing lost lives, lost productivity, and an enormous drain on resources.
The estimated cost of child abuse alone is $124 billion per year [1] while the
cost of all violent crime exceeds $450 billion [2]. *
每年暴力案件數是驚人的。下表列出了幾種在美國暴力犯罪的年度平均值。這個是約20年時間平均值。幸運的是,暴力犯罪進入新世紀後已經開始有所下降。但無論從人的角度還是從社會角度,代價依舊非常高昂,包括死亡人數,生產力損失,以及巨大的資源消耗。單單虐待兒童一項的代價估計是每年1240億美元。所有暴力犯罪的共計損失超過4500億美元[2]。*
Definitions of
Animal Cruelty
Legally, animal cruelty is defined as
「Socially Unacceptable Behavior That Intentionally Causes Unnecessary Pain,
Suffering, or Distress To and / or Death of an Animal.」
Most Common Forms of Abuse: Excessive
punishment; Chaining; Abandonment; Failure to provide sustenance.
Pathological Cruelty To Animals:
Beating; Torturing; Burning; Scalding; Freezing, Skinning; Bone Breaking;
Whipping; Amputation; Electric Prodding; Mutilation; Freezing; Killing;
Crushing; Fighting.
Some crimes: misdemeanor in 50 states,
other crimes now a felony in all 50 states as of 2014.
從法律上講,虐待動物的定義是「不被社會認可,對動物施以不必要的痛苦,折磨或困擾和/或導致動物死亡的行為。」
最常見的虐待形式:過度懲罰,鎖鏈,遺棄,不提供食物。病態的虐待動物方式:毆打,折磨,火燒; 水燙; 寒凍,剝皮,打至斷骨,鞭笞,切去肢體,電擊,傷害至殘,殺戮; 踩踏; 讓動物互相搏鬥。
有些虐待形式美國50個州屬於輕罪,其他虐待犯罪截至目前2014年在美國50個州屬於重罪。FBI: There is a very high
correlation of violent children with 3 specific behaviors:
Enuresis
Fire-setting
Cruelty to animals
FBI: 3中特定的行為和暴力兒童有非常高的相關性:
遺尿
縱火
虐待動物
(譯者註:遺尿和縱火不是本報告重點,只給出了結論,沒太多數據。感興趣的自行谷歌。百度就別找了。肯定找不到的。)Violence in Schools
While school shootings grab the most
attention, school violence is more widespread and encompasses more types of
crimes. For instance, in 2012 there were over 749,000 non-fatal violent
victimizations among students ages 12-18. At the same time, 9% of teachers
reported being threatened by a student and 5% reported being physically
attacked. An average of 25 student deaths take place in schools every year, as
shown in the chart below. Teachers, principals, and other school staff are also
victims. Most school homicides are carried out with guns, others with knives
and clubs. In 2013, nearly 18% of high school students carried a weapon to
school.
雖然校園槍擊事件十分搶鏡,其實校園暴力比槍擊更加廣泛,犯罪形式更多。例如,在2012年在12-18歲學齡段發生749,000多件非致命性暴力侵害。同時, 9%的教師報告受到學生威脅,5%的教師報告受到身體攻擊。每年發生在學校的學生死亡案件平均25起。教師,校長和其他學校工作人員也成為受害者。大多數校園殺人案件使用手槍,其餘用刀和棍棒。 2013年,近18%的高中生攜帶武器上學。
43 - 50% of school shooters started
out by torturing animals.
- Brenda Spencer (shot 12, killed
2). Set cats on fire. - Kip Kinkle (shot 24, killed 2).
Tortured 3 animals per day. - Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold
(shot 36, killed 13). Boasted of mutilating animals for fun. - Evan Ramsey (shot 4, killed 2). Stoned dogs.
43-50%的校園槍手從虐待動物開始暴力行為。
- Brenda Spencer(向12人開槍,殺死2人)。將貓丟入火中。
- Kip Kinkle(向24人開槍,殺死2人)。每天虐待3隻動物。
- Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold (向36人射擊,打死13)。以虐待動物為樂,並作為吹噓的談資。
- Evan Ramsey(射擊4,殺死2)。用石頭砸狗。
Bullying and
Suicide
The tragedy of child suicide is very
much connected with bullying.
- 4400 suicides of young people take
place per year. For every suicide that takes place, there are at least 100
suicide attempts. - Over 14% of high school students have
considered suicide and nearly 7% have attempted it. - A European study found that at least
half of child suicides are related to bullying.
校園欺凌和自殺
孩子自殺的悲劇和校園欺凌緊密相聯。
- 每年發生4400起少年自殺事件。每一期成功自殺事件背後,隱藏著至少100起未遂自殺事件。
- 超過14%的高中生曾考慮自殺,近7%曾嘗試它。
- 歐洲的某個研究發現,兒童自殺至少有一半都與校園欺凌有關。
Beautiful People
lost to Suicide due to Bullying
因校園欺凌而死的美麗生命
Bullying and
Animal Cruelty
校園欺凌和動物虐待
Cruelty to animals is often an
indicator of either a bully or a victim displaying anger against the bullying.
Bullies are often associated with animal cruelty.
75% of school shooters were either
bullies (Kinkle, Johnson) or victims of bullies (Carneal, Woodham, Harris and Klebold).
Half the school shooters were torturing animals and bragged about it.
動物虐待往往要麼校園欺凌的風向標,要麼是反欺凌的受害者的風向標。校園惡霸往往與虐待動物有關。
75%的校園槍手要麼是惡霸(Kinkle, Johnson)或欺凌的受害者(Carneal, Woodham, Harris and Klebold)。有一半的校園槍手虐待動物並引以為豪。
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
Child Abuse;
Spouse Battering; Elder Abuse
家庭暴力 虐待兒童,虐待配偶,虐待老人
It is an astonishing fact that prior to1962, there was no officially recognized notion of child abuse (or spouse or
elder abuse either for that matter). The medical
establishment refused to believe that parents would harm their children.
Children entering clinics or hospitals with broken bones, black
eyes, bruises covering their bodies were simply accident-prone. One doctor, C.
Henry Kempe, refused to believe that all those
injuries could be accidents and sent a questionnaire to hospitals around the
country, summarizing the findings in the first-ever study of battered children.
His work literally sparked a revolution, a long overdue awakening that child abuse
was not only taking place but was widespread. Abuse took several forms:
physical, sexual, psychological, abandonment, neglect. (Sexual abuse wasn』t
「recognized」 until the 1980』s.)
令人吃驚的是,直到1962年,虐待兒童(配偶,老人)都沒有一個官方認可的概念。醫療機構拒絕相信父母會傷害孩子。因為打斷骨頭、打腫眼睛、全身瘀青創傷而就診的兒童都只不過當成意外事件。一個叫C. Henry Kempe的醫生拒絕承認這些傷害僅僅是意外,給全國的醫院寄來一份調查問卷,總結了他對受虐兒童首次研究的發現。從某種意義上說,他的工作引發了一場革命。促使人們遲來的覺醒:兒童虐待不僅發生,而且範圍甚廣。虐待形式包括:身體虐待,性虐待,精神虐待,遺棄,漠視。(性虐待直到上世紀80年代才得以認可)
Home: A CriminalTraining Ground. Exhaustive studies show the connection between child
abuse and criminal behavior. 「Parental conflict and harsh, erratic discipline
have been shown to contribute to juvenile crime. Abused children are at high
risk of becoming involved in crime. Households that
provide safety, emotional warmth, and guidance foster the development of
noncriminal young people even in neighborhoods at high
risk for crime」 [11].
《家:犯罪的練習場》。無數研究顯示兒童虐待和犯罪行為的相關性。「父母衝突和粗暴家規已被證明容易導致未成年人犯罪。虐待兒童引發犯罪的風險尤其高。一個安全、溫暖、教育有方的家庭環境容易培養年輕人不去犯罪。這樣的環境甚至對犯罪高發區的年輕人都有效果。」
There are over 2.7 million cases ofchild abuse per year with 160,000 serious injuries and 2000 deaths [12]. Many
of the children killed in their homes are under the age
of 3; 80% are under the age of 4. Every 5 hours a child is abused to death, and
the number is growing.
每年有超過270萬虐待兒童案件,其中16萬是連續虐待,2000死亡。很多死於3歲以下。80%在4歲以下。每5個小時就有一名兒童被虐待致死,且該數字還是不斷上升。
Families involved in child abuse aregenerally involved in other types of domestic violence including spouse abuse
and often in criminal activities including assaults
as well [12].
涉嫌兒童虐待的家庭一般來說也涉嫌其他家暴,包括虐待配偶,當然,還有暴力襲擊這樣的犯罪行為。
Child Abuse and
Animal Abuse. It doesn』t take much of a leap of imagination that
parents brutalizing children wouldn』t hesitate to do the same to the household
pets. In fact, abuse of the family pet is a major way that brutal parents
control the child (or the spouse) to enact silence (about the abuse), create
desired behavior, and create a household atmosphere of fear.
The connection
between child abuse and animal abuse is 70-80%.
《兒童虐待和動物虐待》。不難想像,虐待兒童的父母也會毫不猶豫地將虐待施予家裡的寵物。事實上,寵物虐待是殘暴的父母控制孩子(或配偶)讓他們(對虐待)保持沉默、製造家庭恐怖氣氛的一個主要方法。
兒童虐待和動物虐待的關聯度為70-80%.
In one study, 23 families were studiedwhere animal abuse was known to be going on. 83% also had children in the
household in danger of abuse or neglect [13]. In
another study, 53 families were investigated where child abuse was known to be
going on (physical, sexual, or neglect). Animal cruelty was also occurring in
60% of these families, and in 88% of the families where the child abuse was
specifically physical abuse. To make it worse, in 1/3 of these families, the
children were participating in the animal cruelty, following the example of the
parents [14].
在一個研究中,被選中正在虐待孩子的23個家庭,83%的家庭的孩子仍然處在虐待和漠視的危險中。在另一個研究中,53個被調查正在虐待孩子(身體虐待,性虐待或漠視)的家庭,其中60%的家庭仍在虐待動物。88%的家庭仍然對孩子身體虐待。更糟糕的是,1/3的虐待家庭,孩子學著父母,也參與了動物虐待。
The chart above demonstrates thenever-ending cycle of abuse. Abused boys and girls are 7 to 9 times more likely
to become animal abusers themselves and are statistically likely to abuse their
own children in the future.
上圖顯示了永不停歇的虐待循環。被虐待的孩子虐待動物的可能性高出7到9倍,並且數據顯示在未來更可能虐待自己的孩子。
The connection between child and animalabuse is so strong that the FBI officially considers animal cruelty by a child
as a likely indicator of ongoing domestic violence to the child and/or the
spouse. In 1987, cruelty to animals was outlined as a separate of category of Conduct
Disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders by the
American Psychiatric Association. It is a symptom of a disturbed family and a
child at risk of a future life of crime. Ironically, it is the family pet,
demonstrating loyalty and unconditional love, that could save the children from
that antisocial future.
兒童和動物虐待的關係如此緊密,以致FBI正式考慮將兒童的動物虐待作為對家庭兒童虐待和配偶虐待的重要參考。在1987年,虐待動物被美國精神病學協會在精神障礙的診斷和統計手冊中列入行為障礙的一個單獨科目。它作為未來有犯罪風險的家庭和孩子的癥狀。諷刺的是,正是這些表現忠誠和無條件給予愛的受虐寵物,可能拯救這些未來反社會的孩子。
Domestic Violence – Abuse of
Women
家庭暴力-虐待婦女
Just as child abuse wasn』t recognized until the
1960s, the abuse of women wasn』t recognized until the 1970s [16]. Until then:
? Spousal abuse was not investigated
? The medical profession treating injured women
would not report the incident to law enforcement
? Police would not arrest women batterers (「a man』s
home is his castle」)
? Prosecutors and judges would not take woman
battering seriously (which continues to this day to some degree)
如同上世紀60年代人們才認同兒童虐待,70年代才認同婦女虐待。在此之前:
l 配偶虐待不會接受調查
l 治療受虐婦女的醫生不會將事件申報給執法機構
l 警察不會逮捕打女人的男人(「家是男人的城堡」)
l 檢察官和法官也不會認真理會被虐婦女(某種意義上說直至今天已是如此)
In 1975, Dr. Lenore Walker began publishing the
1st of 13 books on battered women, and eventually became known as the Mother of
the Battered Woman Syndrome. By focusing attention on the issue, she was able
to spark a revolution much like Kempe』s over child abuse.
1975年,Lenore Walker博士開始出版了她關於虐待婦女問題的13本著作中的第一部,最終成為受虐婦女綜合症的泰斗。因對這一問題的關注,她象關注兒童虐待的Kempe一樣,得以開啟一場關於虐待的革命。
According to the National Family Violence Survey
for 1990, there were 11.6 million victims of violent acts by a partner and 3.4 million
cases of severe violence. 31% of female homicides in 1993 were attributed to
intimate partners. Only 6.7% of assaults by an intimate partner are reported
[18]. Also, as many as 710,000 women are stalked every year by a present or
former intimate partner, a crime which terrorizes the victim [19].
根據1990年全國家庭暴力調查的數據,配偶暴力行為的受害者有1160萬。嚴重暴力案件有340萬。1993年31%的女性自殺案件源於最親密的伴侶。只有6.7%得以報道[18]。此外,每年多達71萬婦女被現任或前任伴侶恐嚇,讓受害人陷入恐怖纏繞之中。[19]
The link between domestic violence and animal
abuse is as strong as it is with child abuse. For women seeking shelter in safe
houses, 71% reported that their partner had threatened, abused, or killed their
pet [20-21]. Nationally, 70 to 83% of battered women reported that their
partner had abused or killed the family pet [20].
家庭暴力和動物虐待與兒童虐待和動物虐待的一樣具有很強的相關性。那些為尋求家中安身之所的求助婦女有71%都提到她們的配偶威脅,虐待或者殺死他們的寵物。在全國範圍內,70-83%的受虐婦女報告說她們的配偶虐待或殺死家庭寵物。
More than 50% of battered women stay in abusive
situations out of fear for their pets. Batterers nearly always threaten, harm,
or kill pets as a fear-based control of the woman.
50%以上的受虐婦女因為擔心寵物而被迫待在受虐的環境中。施虐者幾乎全部是通過威脅、傷害或殺死寵物作為控制驚恐配偶的手段
Animal cruelty is 11x more likely in domestic violence households than non-DV households. Therefore, animal cruelty is a strong indicator of ongoing domestic violence, both women and children.
家暴家庭的動物虐待超過非家暴家庭11倍以上。所以,動物虐待是家庭暴力(包括虐待婦女兒童)重要參考指標。
Child abuse, spouse abuse, and animal abuse are interlinked.
兒童虐待,配偶虐待和動物虐待密切相關。
Existence of any one of them can be a strong indicator of the others.
任何一種虐待都是可能存在其他虐待的重要參考指標。
Batterers are overwhelmingly likely to have been abused themselves as children. The cycle repeats endlessly unless there is intervention.
施暴者很大可能在童年受過虐待。如果沒有干預中斷,這種循環會不斷傳遞
A majority of violent individuals generally share
a common history of brutal parental treatment and cruelty to animals. 44% of
women in shelters reported being forced to participate in illegal acts upon
threats to their pets. Threatening the pet is an act of psychological terror to
the woman. Only in recent years have DV professionals recognized that by not
allowing the woman』s pets along with them into safety, they were turning away
many potential victims seeking shelter [22-23].
大多數暴力行為人都有被父母嚴酷對待並且虐待動物的經歷。尋求庇護的婦女中有44%報告說被迫參與虐待家庭寵物的非法行為。威脅寵物能讓婦女產生心理恐懼。只是近些年反虐待人員才認識到,由於沒有將受虐婦女的寵物和她們一起拯救,他們實際上錯過了很多尋求庇護的受害者。
Domestic Violence - Elder
Abuse
家庭暴力-虐待老人
There is much less information available about
elder abuse than the other forms of domestic violence, but what there is
continues the trend seen with child and woman abuse. About 1 in 20 elders is abused
in some way, amounting to between 1 and 2 million annually. Like child sexual
abuse, elder abuse wasn』t recognized as a significant problem until the 1980s
[16].
虐待老人的資料相對其他家庭虐待要少。不過它的趨勢和兒童及婦女虐待一樣。大約20分之一的老人受到某種程度的虐待,這個數字大約在每年1到2百萬之間。和兒童性虐待一樣,虐待老人這一問題直到上世紀80年代才得以為人們認識。
Studies of Violent Behavior Patterns in Adults
成人暴力行為模式研究
A wealth of information about violent individuals
and their early lives is available from the perpetrators or their victims
themselves. Sources of information include:
- State Prisons. Federal Prisons.
- Psychiatric Hospitals and Psychiatric Clinics.
- Battered Women』s Shelters. Abused Child Clinics.
- Social Services; Domestic Violence Organizations.
- Interviews with Murderers, especially Serial
Killers. - Studies of Satanic Groups and Cults.
(See Lockwood and Ascione [7])
關於暴力犯罪人和他們早期生活的大量信息,來自於實施人自己和受害人。這些信息包括:
- 州監獄。聯邦監獄。
- 精神病醫院和心理診所。
- 受虐婦女庇護所。受虐兒童診所。
- 社會服務;家庭暴力救助機構。
- 殺人犯採訪,尤其是連環殺手。
- 撒旦組和邪教的研究。
(見洛克伍德和阿希奧尼[7])
It』s clear that a large portion of violentcriminals began their careers with animal cruelty. In fact, one study showed
that 75% of prison inmates charged with violent crimes had an early record of
animal cruelty, arson, and enuresis [7, pg 80]. It』s also clear that a large majority
suffered domestic violence in their youth: physical abuse, sexual abuse,
neglect, or combinations of these. What is crucial is the treatment, good or
bad, that very young children undergo before the age of three [8]. Domestic
violence is the breeding ground for future violent and non-violent crimes.
很明顯,很大一部分暴力罪犯是從虐待動物開始的。事實上,一項研究表明,被控暴力犯罪的監獄囚犯75%有虐待動物,縱火,遺尿的早期記錄。同樣明顯的是,大部分囚犯幼年遭遇家庭暴力:身體虐待,性虐待,忽視,或以上綜合。解決問題的關鍵,無論好壞,應該在3歲前的幼兒時期開始。家庭暴力是未來暴力和非暴力犯罪的溫床。
The same correlation of violent
individuals and animal cruelty is seen around the world, literally in every
country. A few examples:
Canada - 70% began with animal cruelty
South Africa - 63% began with animal
cruelty
Australia - 95% for combined murder,
rape, assault, theft, and drugs.
South Pacific - 62% for assaults, 90%
for violence, property, and drug crimes, 100% for sexual homicides.
United States - 63% for violent crimes
overall, 70% for combined violence, theft, drugs, and
disorderly conduct.
Statistics on the link between animal
abuse and the crimes of 1st and 2nd degree homicide and manslaughter
are much harder to find than statistics on serial killers, but since the
overall correlation with all violence is close to 70%, it seems likely that a
close link
would be found for these crimes as
well.
暴力犯罪和虐待動物,同樣的相關性全世界可見。不誇張地說,幾乎每一個國家都是如此。下面是幾個例子:
加拿大:70%的罪犯是從虐待動物開始的
南非:63%的罪犯是從虐待動物開始的
澳大利亞:95%謀殺,強姦,毆打,偷竊和吸毒罪犯有過虐待動物行為
南太平洋:62%的毆打,90%的暴力,毀壞財物和毒品綜合犯罪,100%的性犯罪犯人都有虐待動物行為
美國:63%的暴力犯罪,70%的暴力、偷竊、毒品及錯亂行為綜合犯罪人都有虐待動物行為
一級謀殺和二級謀殺犯的罪行和動物虐待的關係比連環殺手的數據難以取得。不過既然總的相關性接近70%,那麼這種緊密聯繫也應該不難找到。
Gangs and Animal
Cruelty
黑幫犯罪與動物虐待
According to the FBI, there are at least 33,000
violent street gangs, motorcycle gangs, and prison gangs with 1.4 million
members. Animal abuse is a strong indicator of elder abuse in homes with elder
citizens. The reverse is also true: elder abuse is a strong predictor of animal
abuse. Elders often remain silent in spite of personal abuse for fear of retaliation
against their pet, often their only friend and companion. Gangs are responsible
for a majority of violent crimes in many jurisdictions.
根據FBI的數據,美國至少有3.3萬街頭暴力團伙,摩托飈車族和監獄幫派團伙,人數達到140萬。動物虐待是有老人的家庭是否存在老人虐待的風向標。反過來同樣如此:虐待老人是虐待動物的重要參考。寵物是老人唯一的朋友和夥伴。由於擔心對他們的寵物實施報復,老人經常對人身虐待保持沉默。暴力團伙則是大多數司法管轄區的多數暴力犯罪的始作俑者。
Cruelty: attending and sponsoring animal fighting
has become closely associated with gangs. Such fights, like all dog fighting, can
be associated with drugs, gambling, weapons, and murder. Fights are also a
desensitization training ground for children, teaching them violence and
cruelty and a lack of compassion at a very impressionable age. In Chicago, 20%
of 2nd to 8th grade children reported attending a dog fight [24].
殘酷:參與和贊助動物打鬥活動和犯罪團伙千絲萬縷。象斗狗這樣的活動,伴隨著販毒,賭博,武器和謀殺等犯罪活動。這些打頭也是兒童脫敏訓練場,教會他們變得暴力和殘忍,在一個非常敏感的年齡就失掉了同情心。在芝加哥,據報告20%的2至8年級的孩子參加過斗狗活動 [24]。
The Worst of the
Worst:Serial Killers
沒有最糟,只有更糟:連環殺手
Serial killers are the monsters in our
midst. While 20,000+ homicides are committed every year, most have motives and
clues which leads to their investigation and
possible solution.
Serial killers have no motive other
than the pleasure of the terror and torture they inflict and the pleasure of
the eventual kill. They almost never know the victim beforehand and may kill
over months or decades. Estimates are that 1 in 5 homicides may be due to serial killers, and the FBI
estimates there are at least 30-50 and possibly up to 500 operating at any one
time [25].
連環殺手是隱藏在我們身邊的魔鬼。雖然每年有20000人被殺,大多數殺人案還是存在動機和線索可供調查追尋。如果不算他們從受害人的恐懼和痛苦中獲取快樂以及最終殺戮的快感,他們是沒有作案動機的。在下手前,他們對被害人幾乎毫無了解。犯罪時間跨度幾個月甚至幾十年。估計1/5的殺人案系連環殺手所為。FBI估計,任何時候,至少有30-50甚至高達500起謀殺正在預謀中。
Indicators / Predictors of Serial
Killers
? Brutal Treatment or Neglect by Parents
or Caregiver
? Head Injuries, especially when young
? Violent to Peers, Siblings
? Arson
? Early Cruelty to Animals
連環殺手的蛛絲馬跡
?被父母或監護人粗暴對待或忽視
?頭部受過損傷,尤其是年輕的?對周圍人和兄弟姐妹施暴力對待?縱火?早期虐待動物While not all serial killers startedout with animal abuse, a large majority did, just as a large majority were
abused or neglected as young children. In fact, it』s unusual to find a serial
killer who didn』t start out life with these patterns, though the early life of many
of them hasn』t been explored in such detail. Animal cruelty as a trait is often
ignored by official law enforcement, even though some form of animal abuse is
now a felony in all 50 states and animal cruelty has been elevated to a major
category in the FBI』s Uniform Crime Report [27].
雖然不是所有,但絕大多數連環殺手都是從虐待動物開始犯罪的。同樣,大多數也是在孩提時代被虐待和忽視。事實上,這個模式之外的連環殺手並不常見,即使他們的孩提時代經歷無法詳細揭秘。雖然一些動物虐待在全美50州構成犯罪,並被列入FBI統一犯罪報告的主要目錄中,犯罪人虐待動物這一特徵仍然往往為官方執法機構所忽略。
The United States, with 5% of theworld』s population, produces 75% of the world』s serial killers [25]. As already
mentioned, the FBI estimates there may be 500 serial killers at large. Law
enforcement (society) spends hundreds of millions of dollars trying to
apprehend them and almost nothing on prevention.
美國人口只有世界的5%,連環殺手卻有世界的75%。如前所述,FBI估計還有多達500個連環殺手尚逍遙法外。執法機構(社會)花費數百萬美元的巨大成本試圖逮住他們,但在他們犯事之前幾乎一無所獲。
Childhood abuse and
animal cruelty are major identifying factors of serial killers.
兒童虐待和動物虐待是確認連環殺手的主要參考。
If police, prosecutors, judges,
social services, teachers, child welfare, and guidance counselors paid
attention to the predictive factors, many lives could be saved and many killers
/ rapists stopped before they start.
如果警察,檢察官,法官,社會服務機構,教師,兒童福利機構和輔導員注意這些潛在因素,許多人的生命會得以拯救,很多殺人/強姦在案發前就能預先終止。
Summarizing the Evidence: There』s a strong correlation
between animal cruelty and:
Juvenile Violence Violence in Schools
Child Abusers Domestic Violence
Rapists Pedophiles
Aggravated Assault Bullies
Gang Violence Elder Abuse
Sexual Murderers Serial
Killers
Violent Psychiatric Patients
證據總結:虐待動物和下列行為就有很強的相關性:
青少年暴力 校園暴力
虐待兒童 家庭暴力
強姦 戀童癖
嚴重襲擊 欺凌
黑幫暴力 虐待老人
強姦殺人 連環殺手暴力精神病Nearly all violent
individuals were abused as children.
幾乎所有暴力行為人都有兒童時被虐待經歷
Multiple studies have shown that the biggest
factors in continuing the never-ending cycle of violence in society are: domestic
violence including child abuse, poverty, and absent fathers. Of these, the one
with the greatest impact is child abuse, and animal cruelty accompanies it
every step of the way.
多項研究表明,導致暴力持續不斷並不斷循環的最大社會因素是:家庭暴力(包括虐待兒童),貧窮,喪父。其中,影響最大的一個因素是兒童虐待和動物虐待。它們幾乎貫穿在這個循環中的每一步。
「Child abuse,
spouse abuse, and animal abuse are three fields which are linked; existence of
one can be a strong indicator of the others…. Many violent criminals share a
common history of brutal parental treatment and cruelty to animals」 [20]. We
saw earlier the statistic that 88% of families in one study in which physical
abuse was going on had animal abuse as well [14]; other studies put the number
as at least 60-75%. Children who witness domestic violence and /or animal abuse
are at risk of becoming violent and abusers themselves. 「Cruelty to animals
allows children to become desensitized to heartless violence or to learn to
enjoy the administration of pain and suffering」 [28].
「虐待兒童,虐待配偶及虐待動物是三個互相關聯的領域。存在一項是存在其他幾項的重要標誌。……許多施暴者都有被父母嚴酷對待並且虐待動物的經歷。「[20] 根據前面的統計,一項研究顯示,88%的家庭如果存在人身虐待,那麼也同時存在動物虐待。其他研究認為這個數字至少在60-75%之間。目睹家庭暴力和動物虐待的兒童很可能成為施虐者。 「虐待動物讓孩子變得麻木無情,或者學會從施虐中獲得控制感。「 [28]。
It would be impossible to overemphasize this
point: child abuse is the single biggest reason that violence continues year
after year, decade after decade, and animal abuse goes hand in hand with it.
Every 5 hours a child is killed by abuse or neglect, and 80% of them are under the
age of 4 [8]. In Ghosts From The Nursery, the authors point out that during
gestation and the first 3 years of life, the brain is undergoing dramatic
growth and transformation. Abuse of babies and toddlers alters their brain
chemistry, and it can create irreparable emotional damage. 「Prenatal
development and the first 2-3 years of life are the times when the genetic,
organic, and neurochemical foundations for impulse control are being created.
It is also the time when the capacities for rational thinking and sensitivity
to other people are being rooted–or not–in the child』s personality」 [8, pg 66].
Portions of the brain such as the prefrontal cortex connected to empathy and compassion
are stunted in development by early child abuse.
And all this before they learn to talk.
有一點無論怎麼強調都不為過:兒童虐待是暴力年年不斷代代相傳的的最大單一原因。而動物虐待也通過它代代相傳。每5個小時就有一名兒童因虐待或漠視而死,其中80%的兒童不到4歲。在Ghosts From The Nursery一書中,作者指出,在母體和最初的3年,人的大腦會迅速成長和蛻變。虐待嬰幼兒會改變他們的大腦化學結構,並造成無法挽回的情感創傷。」產前和最初2-3年是控制衝動的基因,器官以及神經化學基礎的建立時期,同時也是理性思維和對待他人的感性情感在兒童個性中根植或無法根植的時期。大腦的某些部分,如連接到同情和憐憫的前額葉皮層,因早期虐待兒童導致發育不良。
而這一切,都是在他們學會說話之前發生的。
「What happens to turn children into vicious
killers? How can a child grow into an adult who enjoys torture and killing? It
is the brain that mediates this metamorphosis from baby to killer, and it is
the environment that shapes the entire process」 [8, pg 165]. By the age of 5,
the game is all over – the seeds of future violence have already been planted.
It is society』s good fortune that not all abused children become violent
criminals, but many of them do. The fraction of nonabused children who become
violent adults is far smaller.
「到底發生什麼把孩子培養成惡性殺手?一個孩子怎麼長成喜歡虐待和殺人的成人?正是大腦將這種變態從嬰兒傳導到殺手,而整個過程又在環境中塑造完成。「[8,第165]的環境。到5歲的時候,遊戲結束了
- 未來暴力的種子已經種下。幸運的是,,並非所有受虐兒童都成為暴力罪犯,但其中許多卻無法倖免。未受虐待的孩子誰成為暴力成年人的比例要小得多。
Programs which intervene at an early stage, which
teach good parenting practices, which give help to overwhelmed new parents with
advice and support, which ensure good care and nurturing to babies and
toddlers, have a good chance of preventing this paradigm, but as the Ghosts..
authors point out, programs aimed at prevention are chronically underfunded and
don』t last long. Like it or not, society would rather incarcerate offending
individuals and in effect perpetuate the violence phenomenon than prevent it
from happening in the first place. 「Garnering the committed political support necessary
to turn the tide for even one generation of our children continues to elude us」
[8, pg 285].
不管你喜歡與否,社會寧可得罪關押的個人和有效延續比防止它擺在首位發生暴力現象。 「一舉拿下必要的堅定政治支持,以力挽狂瀾,即使一代我們的孩子,我們仍然」[8,第285]。早期干預的項目是教導家長如何為人父母。這些項目給那些不堪重負的新父母以建議和支持,確保嬰幼兒得到良好的照顧和養育,避免進入這種暴力循環模式。但是,就想the Ghosts作者指出的那樣,這種旨在預防的項目長期資金不足無法持續。不管喜歡與否,社會寧願關押犯罪人,讓暴力循環不斷持續,也不願意防患未然。「獲取堅定的政治支持,挽救哪怕一代兒童,就會讓暴力長久地遠離我們」
SUMMARY
總結
PREVENTION.
Taking animal cruelty seriously can prevent
future assaults, rapes, murders, and spouse, child, and elder abuse.
預防
嚴肅對待處理動物虐待可預防未來的襲擊,強姦,謀殺以及對配偶,兒童和老人的虐待。
INTERVENTION.
Juveniles, adolescents, and adults who are
abusing animals are on a path toward human violence. Identifying them early can
save many human lives and much suffering.
干預
虐待動物的兒童,青少年和成人正走在對人類暴力的道路上。越早鎖定他們,越能拯救更多人的生命,減少更多的痛苦。
INTERDICTION.
Animal cruelty is an identifier of those who may
have committed violent crimes. On average, as much as 70% of those guilty of
violence have been involved in animal abuse.
禁止
虐待動物是暴力犯罪傾向的風向標。平均而言,高達70%暴力行為人曾涉及虐待動物。
-------以上內容翻譯自-------
用濃酸浸泡寄生蟲、細菌算不算虐待。
我指的是胃。「小動物好吃以及活該被吃反正就是好吃誰不吃我嘲笑誰」這種觀點已經成了知乎政治正確了是嗎。
都說了是虐待和虐殺動物。直接殺掉吃肉不在討論範圍內。為什麼還有人拿吃肉這種事情來找存在感並且嘲笑素食主義者。還有存在即合理論調。其實這個說法很可笑的,拐賣人口也存在那就是合理的咯?
還有說人都顧不過來了誰還管動物。這種偷換概念的說法表達的就是你看有的人也被人虐待所以虐殺幾個沒有任何罪孽的小動物算什麼。
勿以惡小而為之都讀到菊花里去了嗎。
請分清楚真正的憐憫之心和毫無意義的矯情。心疼題主,答案好多不過腦子的。題主說的是虐待好嗎?和素食有什麼關係...要殺一刀下去不好嗎?
因為沒錢。你知道的,現在這社會做什麼都要錢。防範拐賣兒童要錢,如果社會多花些錢,普及防走失手環,加強刑偵能力,打拐的破案率也不只有17%;普及兒童教育要錢,如果社會多花些錢,修建山村小學,提高農村教師工資,也不會有那麼多兒童坐在危房教室,或者早早輟學;提高醫療水平要錢,這個範圍就大了,現在醫生們都覺得工資水平低呢,病患們都覺得醫療水平差呢,大眾們都覺得疫苗監管不力呢,改善這個狀況不只需要錢,但是肯定需要錢。而如果出台懲戒動物的法律,肯定需要監管有力吧?監管有力肯定不能只靠題主這一類志願者們隔三差五的去暗訪錄像吧?那麼,安置攝像頭?配備專門監管崗位?這些都需要錢。而且可以預計,如果要確實保障這條法律有力實施,要的錢不一定比打拐或者普及教育少多少。題主,您覺得病床上的病人,被拐走的兒童,危房裡讀書的少年,和你可憐的動物相比,哪一個更重要點?
哪個人代代表敢提這個 丫就不配當人大代表
反虐殺動物法,會被狗粉 強行演變成《反殺狗法》,怎麼樣殺狗在狗粉眼裡都是虐殺,何況還要剝皮。
以狗粉的主觀能動性,分分鐘把自己角色扮演成執法者。。。要是《"反殺狗法"》立法了,《清真食品法》還遠嗎。這個問題建立在一個前提下:司法力量是無限的
但是現實是:司法力量並不是無限的,再說深點,司法力量是嚴重不足的立法工作以及執法工作必然消耗大量的司法力量資源,在人的權利尚未得到完全保障的情況下,將本來可以促進人的合法權利發展的資源用於保護動物?題主你真的不是抖M么?是的話你去黑作坊之類無法保證人權的地方說一說你的觀點你的願望就可以實現了虐獸者身份一點也不特殊,就是變態而已。沒有社會危害性的變態。
沒有社會危害性
沒有社會危害性沒有社會危害性一個社會對 他人,異己,少數群體, 和變態的接納程度,反映了這個社會的文明程度。
我很理解有人討厭變態的心理,同樣理解有人討厭吃狗肉這一行為,有人討厭鄰居,或者穆斯林,都很正常。 本人也十分討厭說話居高臨下的人,說髒話的人,搞地域歧視的人,搞種族歧視的人,搞職業歧視的人。 人有七情六慾,都很正常。
但說出下面的話就不正常了:- 變態為什麼不都滾去死?
- 猶太人為什麼不都滾去死?
- 吃狗肉的為什麼不都滾去死?
- 買日本車的為什麼不都滾去死?
更有甚者,希望訴諸於公權力,通過立法的方式, 把這些讓自己不爽的人消失:
- 有什麼法律能懲罰變態嗎?
- 有什麼法律能把穆斯林都抓起來嗎?
- 什麼時候能立法禁止狗肉?
人家沒妨礙你,沒有社會危害性,你還看人家不順眼,處心積慮讓人家消失。。。。
恁心裡黑暗呢?有病得治啊。你可以不愛變態,你別傷害啊。
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既然 中二病,熱愛動漫,熱愛武俠,熱愛生活 的答案這麼自信,
下文將逐句嘲諷 之。提前預告一下。
留坑。-----------------------------------------------------------我替人類說話, 我替所有人說話,我替變態說話,我替智障說話,我替死刑犯說話。沒錯我是人類聖母。諸位看到某些人愛動物到極致就稱之為聖母。 不對啊, 他們以愛動物是為由去剝奪人權, 他們本質不是愛動物人士, 而是不愛人人士啊。你把不愛人人士叫聖母, 侮辱了聖母一詞,他們還一臉不爽。你這樣讓真聖母很心痛啊。
---------------------------------------人類有一個思維慣性的弱點:- 我感情上不喜歡不適應的東西, 一定是錯的。
- 司空見慣,從小被灌輸的觀點,一定是對的。
- 發達國家有,我們沒有的東西,一定是對的。
諸多三觀不正的答案,大多源自於此。
抽一個三觀不正的答案來批判。 不服來撕。
知乎上就是有些人喜歡把自己的冷酷當作理智來炫耀,
這是看不懂別人理智在哪裡。所謂理智就是不感情用事,不因自身好惡來定奪什麼應該什麼不該。
因為沒有感情用事,所以不理智的人就會想「天哪,你沒有感情嗎?」當然有感情,只是沒有任由感情主宰自己的思維而已。把其他人的善良當作玻璃心來嘲諷。
這是不懂別人諷刺你什麼。 我從來不嘲諷善良。我只嘲諷愚蠢的好心辦壞事。 比如妄圖剝奪人家合法權益的行為。
每當嘲諷你幹壞事的時候,你就拿「善良」「有同情心」 來當擋箭牌。首先,保護人和保護動物的法律會產生衝突嗎?
衝突。 需要解釋?
其次,屠宰和虐殺是不同的,就像注射死亡和凌遲哪個更殘忍就不用我說了。你們這麼偷換概念你們語文老師會哭的。
總結一下。 這話的意思是: 屠殺是非常殘忍的; 虐殺是更殘忍的。
對於非常殘忍的東西,我們非常喜歡,絲毫覺得沒什麼不對。對於更殘忍了一點的東西,我們十分厭惡,它必須得消失。邏輯這麼差,你的語文老師會哭的。。。還有還有。題目問的是「虐待」,不是「虐殺」。 偷換概念你們語文老師會哭的X2。
殘忍程度:虐而不殺&<屠殺&<虐殺你支持屠殺,但反對一個不如屠殺殘忍的虐而不殺行為。。。。你們語文老師會哭的X3.但好像很多東西外國有的我們也沒有吧,那為什麼外國沒有我們就不可以有呢?
說得真棒。 外國不一定對,只有認定它對,外國沒有中國也可以有,中國也可以領先世界嘛; 很多東西,即使外國有我們也可以沒有嘛,外國也有惡法,也有民意裹挾產生的法令,外國有中國也可以沒有。
我竟無言以對。。。。。也就是說,下文你費勁巴拉找了一堆 自認為啪啪打臉的所謂各國動物保護法律 資料 毫無意義啊, 被你自己的邏輯給幹掉了。。。虐待動物,是人類為了發泄自己內心的陰暗而對沒有還手之力的動物進行非人道的虐待的卑劣的行為
說得真好。 還有這個原因,是我沒曾想到過的。
本來呢,本聖母對虐獸是採取「 不喜歡,不干涉」的態度, 看了這句話,我都忍不住要支持虐獸了呢。你想啊,一個人內心有陰暗面,多可怕,指不定哪天就爆發到他人身上。現在好了,嘿嘿,通過虐獸行為,他可以把內心的抑鬱和憤懣發泄出來,從而不會造成對他人的危害了呢。也許愛獸如命的希元首可以通過虐待一萬隻小貓咪,從而發泄了對猶太人的不滿,從而避免對猶太人的屠殺,從而避免二戰引領世界和平的新秩序。。。。。連我一個法盲都能提出的議案,那些立法者會提不出?只是他們不覺得有必要罷了。
對法盲的自我定位及其準確。
經常,因法盲民意裹挾,某些立法者會提出類似法令,然後由非法盲人士駁回。 不是「不覺得有必要」 而是「必須沒有」。中國沒有法律禁止動物虐殺行為的真正原因是很多人認為動物是沒有任何權益的,人類可以對動物的生命隨意處置,所以虐殺動物根本不違法
這是現狀,而且是對的。
當文明進步,人們會意識到動物作為生命也是有同樣受到保護的權益的,只有這個時候,動物保護才會被提上日程,相關法律才會被制定。
這是口號,雞湯,而且是扯淡。
有生命的可海了去了,生命本來就不是擁有權益的充分條件。人格是人權的充要條件。發達國家,動物不是人類的附庸
張口就敢說這種話的人,都沒想過動物人權代表什麼。
- 不得買賣狗豬羊口, 狗萌萌噠我喜歡不是借口。
- 不得殺害狗豬羊口, 我餓了想吃肉不是借口。
- 不得狗身傷害,包括未經當事狗同意的絕育手術。
- 不得囚禁狗豬羊, 我是他的好朋友不是借口。
- 不得虐待狗豬羊。 不過對比人權的相關內容就明白,虐待狗比 狗口買賣, 殺害狗口,狗身傷害,非法拘禁狗口的罪名小得多。
你能接受的話我敬你是條漢子。
難接受的話,就打折扣吧, 但看看主流的 動物權益觀 是怎麼 「打折扣」 的:- 我有養狗的需求,不能買賣劃掉,不得囚禁狗劃掉。
- 有一天狗太老了,我可不想讓狗干吃我家飯,不能殺狗劃掉。
- 我有吃肉的需求,不能吃肉劃掉,不能殺豬劃掉。
對狗來說,一堆重要的權益(生命權,狗身自由)你不給,不怎麼需要的東西你給一堆,你那麼偽善呢?
- 有一種人叫狗肉愛好者,他們有吃狗肉的需求。 但關我屁事?我沒有吃狗肉的需求,狗肉不讓吃不讓吃不讓吃!吃狗肉死光光!
- 有一種人叫變態,他們有虐狗的需求。 但關我屁事?我沒有虐狗的需求,狗不讓虐不讓虐不讓虐!虐狗死光光!
- 我沒有信仰宗教的自由,信仰宗教的死光光。
- 我又不是同性戀,沒有搞基的需求,搞基的死光光。
- 。。。。。。。。
你自己不需要,就連帶別人也不讓干,你內心那麼陰暗呢?
本聖母長期吃素,住熱帶無需皮草,身體健康無需醫療。長期不飼養寵物,從而無需狗口買賣,囚禁,等等。 要是我不需要就不讓你干,你等著受罪吧。
事實證明, 禁止虐獸還是行不通的,因為動物權益支持者也是人,也有衣食住行的需求:- 我要治病,不能拿我的萬金之體做實驗。 我特准你們醫生可以以動物實驗的名義虐獸(註: 某NGO倡導廢止動物實驗,以人類實驗取代,我敬他們是條漢子!)
- 我要穿皮草,鵝毛必須活拔才質量高。 我特准皮革製造者擁有虐獸的權利。
- 我要吃肉,據說必須放血滿滿死,肉質才高。 我特准你們畜牧養殖者可以在宰殺時擁有虐獸的權利。(註: 某NGO倡導完全素食,我敬他們是條漢子!)
- 天知道我還有什麼別的需求,還需要給誰開放虐獸許可。
你這是劃分人類特權階層啊。說好的人人生而平等呢?
遙遠的東方有一句古話:汝給予了州長縱火的權利,卻剝奪了普通公民使用燈具照明的權利。
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有空再分析國外各種動物保護條令的合理之處和侵犯人權之處。動物是財產(聖母退散),肆意處理有所有權的裝滿淫穢色情影片的手機、被欲女使用過千遍的跳蛋按摩棒以及裝滿乳白色液(yì)體的膠袋子是不會被抓的。所以肆意屠殺虐待自己的動物怎麼可能受到法律非難?什麼愛護,不過是部分聖母居高臨下的憐憫,以滿足自己蓮花聖母心罷了。
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