如何在短期內提高雅思寫作?
首戰雅思寫作5.5受挫後,拚命練習寫作,找老師批改仍然沒有進步,邏輯和語法問題交替出現。真的很苦惱。還有半個月二戰,請問有沒有好的方法迅速提高寫作能力呢?
作為一個理性的雅思考試分析者來看,雅思的總分過6.5分,甚至7分並不難,而難點就在於, 在同一場考試中,四門同時過6分,更不用說同時過7分了。(各位是不是都吃過虧);
那麼如何在同一場考試中,保持穩定的同時的考過四個6分(或者四個7分呢?)seems to be a fairly demanding job ! 其中最關鍵的就是寫作和口語同時考過,本回答主要來討論一下寫作的提分問題。
(答主私人微信號:Liweilianlaoshi, 需要轉載請聯繫我稿費事宜,本人長期諮詢留學考試輔導和留學申請指導,長期在知乎解答問題)
這個問題要分為2個層次來回答:
一, 6分以內提高到6分:
要解決三大問題:
STEP ONE:語法問題:
這
里推薦100句常見語法和20組中國考生最常見的語法修改示範,其實一位同學犯的語法錯誤,總是那幾個,比如介詞沒搞懂,那麼介詞就是你永遠跨越不了的坎;如果動詞時態沒搞清楚,那麼寫書信,寫大作文的例子的時候就特別容易出錯;還有,雙謂語甚至無動詞;無主語句子;時態的亂用 ;動詞搭配問題,6複合句的亂用;副詞的使用;倒裝句的亂用;後置狀語和前置狀語;主謂不一致等等,常見的錯誤也就這麼多;多加提防;這裡列舉了前三組帶有解析的語法分析:
第一組:介詞短語後面不接動詞原形以及完整的句子
1, Talking too much but doing too few gives rise to make others a
terrible impression.
正確形式:Talking too much but doing too few
gives rise to a terrible impression.錯誤解析:因為give rise to 是介詞短語,後面是不能接動詞的,所以必須要修改為名詞形式,直接去掉make
others.2, This above phenomenon can be explained by we change our attitudes
towards the lifestyles and by we lose interests on local history of indigenouspeople.正確形式:This above phenomenon can be explained
by changing attitudes towards the lifestyles and by losing interests on localhistory of indigenous people.
錯誤解析:因為by 是介詞短語,後面是不能接動詞的,所以必須要修改為名詞形式或者動名詞形式,直接將change
和lose 改為changing 和losing.3, When it comes to ask the questions about the clear definitions of
education and career success. People always hold divergent viewpoints.正確形式:When it comes to the clear
definitions of education and career success, people always hold divergentviewpoints.錯誤解析:因為when it comes to是介詞短語,後面是不能接動詞的,所以必須要修改為名詞形式或者動名詞形式,直接去掉ask
the questions,是多餘的成分。另外when 引導的只是一個從句,後面需要真正的主句進行支撐,所以要把people小寫。4, I still fail to pass the IELTS despite I have already collected
pencils with 9 kinds of colors.正確形式:I still fail to pass the IELTS
despite pencils with 9 kinds of colors I have collected together.錯誤解析:因為despite是介詞短語,後面是不能接動詞或者句子的,可以將其修改為名詞形式或者動名詞形式,將句子:I
have already collected pencils with 9 kinds of colors. 調整為:pencils with 9 kinds of colors I have collected together.5, Many fans are crazy about love affairs of Hanhan, a well-known Chinese writer, despite
they know that he is a playboy.正確形式:Many fans are crazy about love
affairs of Hanhan,a well-known Chinese writer, despite that they know that he is
sometimes a playboy.錯誤解析:因為despite是介詞短語,後面是不能接動詞或者句子的,除了可以將句子修改為名詞形式或者動名詞形式,也可以將despite 修改為:despite that . 另外韓寒並不是總是playboy,所以加上sometimes.
6, Many
students refuse to give up unhealthy lifestyles despite they have understoodthe negatives of illhealth effects.正確形式: Many students refuse to give up unhealthy lifestyles despite the
negatives of illhealth effects.錯誤解析:介詞不是連詞,一般後面只接名詞或者具備名詞性質的短語或者帶連詞的賓語從句,因此不能加句子。常見錯誤有:」despite,in spite of , during, because of , due to」, 也不能後接動詞。
7, Many poor
citizens always depend on the rich give support.
正確形式: Many poor citizens always depend on supports of the rich.
錯誤解析:介詞不是連詞,一般後面只接名詞或者具備名詞性質的短語或者帶連詞的賓語從句。不能接動詞或者句子。
8, Life
disorder can lead to damage an individual』s health.正確形式:Life disorder can lead to health recession of an individual.錯誤解析:「to」在某些情況下,(如片語「giverise to , contribute to , pay attention to , conform to , lead
to」)都是介詞短語+名詞或者動名詞。9, Nobody
could deny the importance of environment protection , for the simple reason is
that it is of far-reaching significance in the future .正確形式: Nobody could deny the importance of environment protection, for
its far-reaching significance in the future.錯誤解析:特殊的介詞,如:」for, since, after, before」在大部分時候都是介詞,不接完整的句子。
10, Individuals
have different attitudes towards for the definition of happiness.正確形式:Individuals have different attitudes towards the definition of happiness.
錯誤解析:介詞後面不能再接介詞。注意一些比較特殊的介詞如:towards。
介詞短語加了句號錯誤表達: With the society develops. people begin to realize the
importance of biological balance.
正確形式:With
the development of society, people begin to realize the importance ofbiological balance.(介詞短語不是句子,不能加句號)第二組一句話不能有2個動詞,也不能沒有謂語動詞。
11,It is advertising makes customers buysomething impulsively.
正確形式:It is advertising that makes
customers buy something impulsively.錯誤解析:因為 is 和makes 都是動詞,所以該句話有2個動詞,需要去掉一個動詞,本句中可以把makes 前面增加that,這樣後面就是定於從句了。
從而該句就只有一個動詞。12,There is a research shows thatmany parents are depend on teachers
give support.正確形式:There is a research showing that many
parents are depending on teachers who give support.錯誤解析:本句的錯誤太多,主要是謂語動詞太多,要記住一個主句只能有一個位於動詞,而一個從句也只能有一個謂語動詞。而主句中的is和show就是多一個重複了,而從句中:are ,depend, give都是動詞,而只能有一個動詞。
13,ere was a famous Chinesebook describe a monkey , a pig , a sand monk
and a true monk go to west forpilgrimage.,確形式:There was a famous Chinese book describing a monkey , a pig , a sand
monk and a true monk go to west for pilgrimage.錯誤解析:要記住一個主句只能有一個謂語動詞,而一個從句也只能有一個謂語動詞。而主句中的was 和describe就是多一個重複了,需要將describe 修改為:describing 作為後置定語。
14,e number of the populationwas decreased in the 1990 to 1995, the figure
of population was increased inthe years of 1996 and 2000, the data was thencontinue increase in the last 5years.正確形式:The number of the population
decreased in the 1990 to 1995, the figure of population increased in the yearsof 1996 and 2000, and the data was then continuously increasing in the last5years.錯誤解析:要記住一個主句只能有一個謂語動詞,而該句中的謂語動詞太多,
所以需要去掉was並且將最後一個分句中的wasthen continue increase 中的continue改成副詞continuously, decrease 改成was decreasing.15,I earned the money is the least.
正確形式:I earned the least money.或者my income was the least.
16, was
a wolf come from Nanjing.正確形式:I was a wolf coming from Nanjing.
17,ow there are always many new things come out every day.
正確形式:Now there are
always many new things coming out every day.18,
謂語動詞:錯誤表達:There
have many people believe that mobile phones are useful.正確表達:There
are many people who believe that mobile phones are useful.錯誤解析:(不存在There have的形式,而且There be結構後不能再加謂語動詞。)
第三組:逗號不能夠連接2個完整的句子
19,There are plenty ofuniversities in China , most of that are not good
enough.正確形式:There are plenty of universities in
China , most of which are not good enough. There are plenty of universities inChina and most of that are not good enough. / There are plenty of universitiesin China; most of that are not good enough. /There are plenty of universitiesin China .Most of which are not good enough.錯誤解析: 逗號不能連接2個完整的句子。所以需要將其中一個句子變成從句,或者使用分號或者句號來代替逗號。
20,cry , you cry.
正確形式:I cry; you cry. / I cry and you cry.
/ I cry. You cry.21, We all tried our best,however, we lost the game.
正確形式:We all tried our best. However, we
lost the game./ We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.錯誤解析:即使是however,也不能連接前後都是完整的句子,因為however是副詞,只有and 和but 這2個連接詞才可以連接2個完整的句子。
22 China has achieved great prosperity ,however ,its culture
suffered a lot.正確形式:China has achieved great prosperity
.However ,its culture suffered a lot./China has achieved great prosperity;however,its culture suffered a lot.錯誤解析:注意這點和單獨的however, 將一個句子的主語和謂語動詞隔開的句子有本質的區別。比如:students,
however, always expect their high praise from parents and teachers. 該句中是一個句子,所以可以用however 將主語和謂語分開。23,They always feel boring about visiting some places where they are no fresh and no extremely attractive
talking points, therefore, local museums and historical sites cannot be drawninto much discussion as they are without cartoons, movie stars and sports.正確形式:They always feel boring about
visiting some places where they are no fresh and no extremely attractivetalking points.Therefore, local museums and historical sites cannot be drawninto much discussion as they are without cartoons, movie stars and sports.錯誤解析: 注意 therefore, on the other hand, on the contrary 這些類似的片語或者副詞都是副詞成分,並不能連接前後都是完整的句子。所以需要修改為:
將逗號改為句號或者分號。24, Student s are always tired of sitting in the classroom
for a whole morning, thus show their resentmentwith the current teaching method.正確形式:Student s are
always tired of sitting in the classroom for a whole morning, and thus showtheir resentment with the current teaching method.錯誤解析:thus 照樣是插入語,是副詞成分,不是連接詞,所以不能連接前後都是完整的句子。
2, STEP TWO:
當語法沒有問題的時候,(260字的大作文+小作文150字)總共語法錯誤不超過5個,這個要求不高吧?一般是要麼錯一大片,要麼就懂了,然後就好很多。
然後就是要解決另外一個很核心的問題,就是細化思維的問題;
通過細化思維來將題目進行有邏輯的流暢展開,並且的確是展開話題用的,是寫作得分的關鍵。
當考官看到類似,萬能開頭:With the development of...的時候,想必一定會皺眉頭。
「也許只有中國人會用吧。那為什麼像類似的開篇:with the developmentof society and economy, there are more and more//increasing number of //,the topic is a hotly-debated one, which arose our passiontowards the…, 然後再寫一波大的背景,然後開始寫作文切入的話題,這種思路嚴重破壞了雅思作文的評分標準(CC) 連貫性的問題。所以作文的開篇就必須要是直接切入話題(通過細化思維的描述,然後表明自己的觀點即可。) 中文追求高語境文化容易宏觀化一些概念,也就是很大很空的話,類似於「新聞聯播」的發言稿。高中的作文的時候,寫的越大,不接地氣,越雲里霧裡的文章,越能拿高分。這些華麗的軀殼並沒有嚴謹的邏輯。所以細化思維的訓練是非常重要的訓練,這個也可以從很多劍橋雅思後面的範文中可以看到。所
以英文寫作一定要細,要寫清楚。有多細呢?我舉個例子。比如一篇金錢和幸福的關係,優秀的英文邏輯就是:「有了錢我可以買車,有了車生活會更方便,生活方便了我的幸福指數就會提高。」無懈可擊的邏輯,perfect!然而中國人有可能會這樣寫:"Being rich couldboost one"s materialistic happiness. Moreover, it could..."語法單詞基本都沒問題,但是寫了等於沒寫。。。什麼是materialistic happiness?我們都知道中文是物質幸福,看似也很高大上。然而西方人的人腦迴路是無法直接get到的。。你必須要clarify it。這些所謂很好並且很複雜的想法並不足以說清楚這些觀點。所以大家要記得要將自己的理性和智商同步下降,這樣才能達到英國人的水平和高度。舉例說明如下:
細化思維的訓練中文擅長把一個抽象的問題變得更抽象,以大見更大;英文擅長把一個抽象的問題變得具體化
例子一: Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of
advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. Towhat extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and includeany relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.4.5分的思維: Nowdays (竟然有人少寫了個 a) ,with society develops,
advertisements plays a more and more important role in modern society.5.5分的思維: Nowadays, with the development of society and economy, advertisements
play a more and more important role in modern society. Some people said theyare helpful to give us much information while others do not think so. From myperspective, I think ….6.5分的思維: Nowadays, there are lots of advertisements on television or on the
streets. While someone doubt the usefulness and value of advertisements, Istill believe it is a positive trend with overt benefits.7.5分的思維: Nowadays, there are lots of advertisements on television or on the
billboards. Some people think that the advertising boosts the sales of goodsand it encourages people to buy things unnecessarily. These arguments may betrue. In my country, many advertising companies produce advertisements with famousand popular actors or singers. People, especially youngsters, buy goods thattheir favorite singer advertise, although they do not really need the products.8.5分的思維: Nowadays, no matter where you get around in a city or even in the
countryside, it is pretty easy for you to find one or two billboardsintroducing products in the streets. Some people think that advertising booststhe sales of goods and encourages people to buy things they do not necessarilyneed. This argument contains some truth. In my country, advertising companiesoften produce advertisements featuring popular actors or singers to inducepeople, especially youngsters, to acquire goods which their favorite actor orsinger seems to endorse, whether they need the products or not..細化訓練(例子二) In
some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year betweenfinishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantagesand disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.4.5---5 分的思維
It is a
well-acknowledged that studying is not easy. Along with many benefits alsocomes negative aspects. We should lookat both side before reaching a conclusion about wether working a year bringmore benefits or more problems.5.5—6分的思維
Nowadays,
the ways to educate the youth become increasingly significant in such acompetitive society. The opinion that teenagers could have a year free fromschool for traveling and work arouse a heated debate. Although there are bothpros and cons for the question, ,my view is that teenagers who are 10 somethingto 20 something could have their own choice to decide where to learn and how tolearn.6分的思維
It is hard for young
people to make the decision on whether they should work or travel beforestarting university studies. Some consider it is an excellent chance for themto practice themselves while others believe that it will produce adverseeffects on their life.6.5-7分的思維
Thanks
to the gap year, nowadays high school graduates can be highly praised by theirstrong abilities. While many young people are in favor of the attempt, oldergeneration tends to hold conservative attitudes. Personally, I believedifferent types of media have their respective merits.It is
quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break fromstudying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to richstudents who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorerstudents who choose to work and become economically independent for a period oftime.附上一篇關於考官範文的解析:
就是在沒有語法錯誤的前提下,通過細化思維和批判性思維進行寫作的典範;
第一篇: 抽象類話題分析:
題目:As
most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, jobsatisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing. What factorscontribute to job satisfaction?Howrealistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?題干分析:本題是相對抽象的社會生活類話題,對於中學生以及沒有上過班的大學生同學們有一定話題上的陌生感。但是即使是上班的「同志們」就一定覺得題目容易展開嗎?是的,中國人的答案在面對這個題目的時候是驚人的相似,可以預見,大家的答案往往是:money, power, promotion。這些對於工作滿意度的factors的回答本身是沒有問題的,但是難點在於不要忽視了去解釋和補充我們「為什麼把這些元素」看的比較重的原因。回答的內容本身並不重要,但重要的是如何解釋清楚。
Nowadays many adults (直接用adults 是細化思維的體現,不要只是寫people, 使句子更貼話題) have full-time jobs
and the proportion of their lives spent doing such jobs is very high. (首句不要寫太長的背景,要從第一句話就開始描述這個話題,而不是「with the development of society and economy ,there is a hotly-debated topic about whether or not …這樣的套話,是註定讓你丟分的,接下來將變成一個考官驗證5分或者5.5分的過程。那為什麼不能寫模板呢?這樣的句子本身的質量不是很好?威廉老師告訴你,是因為背景寫的太大,緊接著就跳入非常具體的話題,這樣嚴重破壞了作文的CC(連貫性)這一評分標準)。 So feelings aboutone』s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole, andbecause of this, jobsatisfaction is indeed very important for the wellbeing of that person. (順接的很自然)高手應該做到讓段落的內容的話題的範文不要太寬,要盡量剋制寫很多內容的衝動。你有沒有發現,當你從第一句就開始寫這個話題,從寫成年人的工作對於成年人很重要的前提下,自然就過渡到了「工作滿意度「的話題,因為話題窄,所以很容易構成有邏輯)。Employees get job
satisfaction in a number of ways.(羅列式中心句,就表明接下來會有幾個具體的方面需要具體展開)Firstly, a person needs to feel that they aredoing valued and valuable work, sopositive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect. A sense offulfillment is also(also 體現遞進,內在的邏輯)encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to thesociety or the economy as a whole. (先接結果後寫原因是高分作文特徵之一,這樣能有效避免觀點跳躍)Secondly, whensomeone feels they are improving or developing their skills through trainingopportunities,(很細節,並且符合邏輯的觀點,也許沒有工作經驗的同學不能夠想到) forexample, then there is a sense of progressionand purpose that rewards a worker. The sense of belonging to a team or aworking community also(遞進詞,體現內在的邏輯) contributes to job satisfactionbecause colleagues help each other to enjoy their working lives.(先寫結果,後寫原因是高分作文的特徵之一)Satisfaction is also increased by asense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team.該段落使用羅列式中心句,並且細化思維做的很好。在一個段落中就出現了:「valued
and valuable work,positivefeedback from superiors,Asense of fulfillment,contributesto the society or the economy,improvingor developing their skills,trainingopportunities,asense of progression and purpose,senseof belonging to a team or a working community,colleagueshelp each other,asense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team 這樣的10個對於factors 的具體回答,並且能夠有效的能將這些細節名詞進行有邏輯的串聯的確是高分的作文的體現)所以觀點本身並不是最關鍵的因素,比如中國人通常所認為的:A reasonable income is quitean important contributing factor because some basic survival necessities arehighly prices such as housing, cars and dressings and the social welfare systemis not fully accomplished. 只要解釋充分,話題的答案本身就不是最重要的了。)Of course not everyone enjoys
their work. (直接式的中心句,直接對於第二個問題給予回答) Hardeconomic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of jobthey can get. (進一步解釋)In some cases an employee is working ina job that suits neither their skills nor their personality. (分類解釋)Some jobs are repetitive and boring,andlabor relations may be poor and lead to resentment and insecurity rather thanto job satisfaction. (進一步的細化思維)優秀的英文段落結構就像「瀑布「一樣,往細化的方向不斷的展
開,可以採取分組,解釋等方法,先明確的給出」對於問題回答的中心句,即先寫中心句,然後進行進一步展開的倒過來的細化展開的方式,而具有諷刺的是,中國學生的答案往往在段落的中間就開始不斷的上升話題,從而產生很大的跳躍,習慣於用:which will contribute to…//Ving 上升主題,最終達到聯繫到了「推動經濟發展,維護社會和諧」的最終主題( drive the economicdevelopment and maintain social harmony),殊不知,這樣嚴重破壞了句子和句子之間的邏輯和連貫度。However, even
though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, Ithink it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job. (典型的批判性思維的讓步句型,有承上啟下的作用。是8分作文最重要的特徵之一,從而使句子銜接變得特別到位) Ifthe factors identified above are implemented, thenany job can be improved and more workers can feel greater degrees of jobsatisfaction. (批判性思維)。總體點評:這是篇題目本身非常抽象的題目,經過作者的細化思維的一步步展開,讓我們對於「工作滿意度」這一抽象問題有的較為具體的認識,但更重要的是作者將每一個要展開的分論點都進一步的解釋和分析是得到高分最重要的原因。另外最後一段(even though, it is not
unrealistic 這樣的批判性思維能極大的提高CC連貫度)。更新2017年最新的所有當期雅思寫作真題的高分範文以及範文視頻解析:純乾貨分享:
2017年0107 首場雅思寫作解析(用細化思維快速得7分) - 騰訊視頻https://v.qq.com/x/page/j0364gn3bv3.html
題目:(2017年首考---0107 雅思作文詳細解析)
Some people think paintings and drawings are as important as other subjects, and they should be compulsory in high school education. Do you agree or disagree?
2, 2017 年0114 期作文講解:
視頻講解鏈接:20170114 雅思作文8分詳細解析-- - 騰訊視頻https://v.qq.com/x/page/o0366govbew.html
3, 2017年 0121 最新雅思作文解析:
0121最新雅思寫作8分範文詳細解析 - 騰訊視頻https://v.qq.com/x/page/r03684w1keq.html自助留學(DIY)智能選校申請系統(CAAS),入口地址:(http://www.54os.com),智能留學申請第一品牌!精準定位,大數據預判申請結果,高效提交,48小時內完成申請; 微信:Liweilianlaoshi, 專業回答留學考試備考以及美國,英國,加拿大,澳洲,香港留學前100名校事宜;
點贊,評論後,留下郵箱,就送全套雅思學習資料(聽說讀寫全套),絕對純乾貨,直接到位!(分為從5分到6分,從6分到7分 針對性資料)(答主私人微信號:Liweilianlaoshi, 需要轉載請聯繫我稿費事宜,本人長期諮詢留學考試輔導和留學申請指導,長期在知乎解答問題)
一、英語書面寫作的結構是有很嚴格的標準的,即開頭,主題,結尾。在開頭段要提出自己的觀點(thesis statement),主體可以分為3到5段,用分論點來支持自己的觀點,最後是總結,重述自己的觀點,呼應開頭的觀點。如果是小作文(300-400字),比如說托福和雅思的大作文,一般主體段寫3段比較合適。寫多了,自己沒有那麼多理由,寫少了,顯得沒有說服力。因此,這種結構通常被稱為五段式(five-paragraph format), 是英語寫作最常用的結構。 中國人最常見的問題有幾種:
1.開頭冗長,繞來繞去,不知所云,擺一堆華麗而沒有實質內容的句子,然後突然跳到自己的觀點。
2.開頭和主體段的第一段混成一談。有同學會直接寫「我同意。。。觀點因為。。。。。」一句話給出觀點,然後就直接開始寫第一點原因。這樣的文章結構不清晰,在閱卷人眼中馬上被打上結構不清的標籤,如果再犯兩個語法錯誤,那就別想翻身了。
3.主體沒有分段,把所有的原因揉在一起,讓讀者去自己理清條理。英語和中文不一樣。英語是作者責任制(writer-responsible), 中文是讀者責任制(reader-responsible)。也就是說寫英文,作者需要保證讀者能明白自己寫的是什麼,如果讀者不明白,那就是你作者的責任。而在中文中則正好相反,我想怎麼寫怎麼寫,讀不懂是你讀者的問題。
4.主體段每段中沒有主題句(topic sentence),或者一個明顯的主題意思。經常看到有人說了一堆例子,卻不明白他要這些例子說明什麼。其實,只要在每個段落前加一個很簡短的句子,告訴別人你在說什麼,就會使文章變得很清楚。
5.主體段有主題句,但是沒有對主題句進行進一步解釋,而是直接擺例子,這樣會顯得文章非常的唐突。
二、語法問題
考試和實際交流要求還是不太一樣的。在交流的過程中,有語法錯誤是很正常的,聽者在不影響理解的情況下也不會太在意。但是考試就不一樣了,它需要相對的準確性。然而對於語法問題也不是全都非常嚴重的,在考官眼裡,那些影響意思表達的錯誤才最重要,所以,在寫作的時候要盡量避免這些錯誤。例如,時態的使用,一個過去的故事,如果你使用的都是一般現在時,那讀者就會非常迷惑,不知道時間之間的順序或關係。還有代詞的指代也很容易影響理解。讀同學寫的作文經常就是某個地方冒出來個it, that, they,之類的代詞,可是代詞前面有很多名詞,反覆讀也不明白這些代詞指的是什麼。其實這也是由文化差異造成的,中文中為了避免重複名詞,會大量使用代詞。具體這些代詞指代的是哪個,需要讀者自己去讀明白,這就是常說的reader-responsible,而英語就不同了。不光是中國學生,日本,韓國,越南,甚至是阿拉伯的學生都有這種問題。除了這些大的語法問題,關於冠詞啊,一些不影響意思的介詞,第三人稱單數是否加s了,很多讀者都不是很在意。很多教授都承認,有些結構在英語中非常的不規則,外國人用錯了很能讓人理解。
三、用詞問題
經常聽說,寫作和口語用詞要特別。其實這是沒錯的,但是很多同學卻誤解這句話的意思,認為用詞特別就是用一些長詞,少見的詞。於是,經常在學生的作文里看到一些可笑的英語中很古老的詞,或者是在很學術性的文章中才會用到的詞。有的同學直接從字典里找到一個單詞的同義詞,然後從那些同義詞里挑一個自己沒怎麼聽說過的,寫在作文中,還覺得自己特別牛。有一個同學,寫自己討厭英語用了abhor,雖然是近義詞,但是abhor卻只很驚恐,很討厭的意思。有一個中國同學,每次交作文第2稿的時候總是抱怨老師把他作文中的大詞全都改了。他用了很多大詞,難詞,但是沒有一個是用正確的。老師問他都認識這些詞嗎,他說不認識,都是從字典里挑的。用詞要恰到好處,有意識的讓自己用詞多樣化是很好的,但是要注意用的詞的具體用法,就是說查到這個單詞的時候要再查查這個單詞的例句,看看能不能在自己的作文中類似的情況下使用。有時候一查字典就可以看到,有些詞標識著formal,證明是很正式的詞,有些詞就說明了是outdated, rarelyused, 之類的。有個同學說英語的時候總是用一些GRE的辭彙,每次他和人說話,大家都覺得他說的非常可笑,一點也沒覺得他英語好。相反,有的同學用的詞都很普通,但是表達的意思比較準確,所以大家都覺得說的比較地道些。那麼,怎麼解決自己用詞重複,或者經常用簡單詞的問題呢?那需要你拿一點時間專門來總結些同義詞,學習一下這些詞的用法,這樣,了解了用法再去使用,就不會很怪異。比如說,想表達喜歡一件事情,你要總結出:be fond of, be interested in, be keen on, be fascinated by, sth appeals to me a lot等等,很多表達方式。在練習寫作的時候刻意的多換些詞使用,今後寫的時候就會自然想到這些詞。因此,一句話來說,用詞要特別,更要準確。
我針對你的問題來答題 不會排陳無關的內容 你要的是短期提高雅思寫作
我們可以理解為5.5分到6分 或者6分到6.5分這樣
你千萬不要相信什麼短期寫作從5分提高到7分的這種答案 你相信了你就是在騙自己
回到你的問題 眾所周知 雅思寫作里有很多的細分點 辭彙 單詞拼寫 片語 句子 句子結構 連詞 文章結構 不同的題型 不同的寫作主題 語法 連貫性 這裡每一個Unit都會左右你的雅思分數 對吧?
但是你又希望短期內有一個提高,那我們來看看那個比較容易實現?
單詞拼寫屬於基本功 不太可能短期實現
寫作主題大概有二十幾種 還會有很多細分 短時間內不可能全部的練習到
文章連貫性與連詞使用有關 是一種寫作習慣 短期內不太可能提高
所以其實 我認為 短期內 要想把寫作提高0.5分 特別是4.5分到5分 5分到5.5分 5.5分到6分 這這樣的一個提高的話 :
片語+句子 文章結構 是你可以去做的 而且有立竿見影的效果
1.詞伙+句子
1)怎麼進行詞伙學習練習
在雅思寫作中,我們強調片語,而不僅僅只強調單詞,因為單詞是死的,片語是活的,你寫出來的很多句子,也是由片語組成的。所以,我們能背片語就不背單詞。舉例:不背nap,背take a nap.詞伙,其實就是寫作主題詞,不同的雅思寫作主題對應著不同的詞伙。
而且我同時建議大家片語與句子一起記 按照寫作的主題歸類記
(先別問我這是什麼書 還沒寫好 就不給大家廣而告之了 有興趣關注鴨圈公眾微信ieltsquan,裡面會不定期劇透)
懂了?按照雅思寫作的而是幾大類主題 把不同的真題範文里的辭彙進行歸納 然後進行背誦即可
別小看這個工作 希望你手動去做 (有人懶癌又犯了 老師什麼時候給我整理啊 你去死)
這就是寫作的單詞練習了 聽起來很簡單 但是如果你能堅持這樣積累個幾個星期 你試試看 保證寫出來的東西跟以前會不一樣了
就拿上面的犯罪類舉例吧 把犯罪類的詞伙 全都記住了(包括下面的真題例句及翻譯) 你再拿一篇犯罪類題目試一試 保證不一樣了
2)怎麼進行句子學習練習
我先給大家隨手出個題:
肉食主義者認為動物在食物鏈中是低於人類的。把動物作為食物是人類天性使然。
我們的目標應該是改進動物養殖的方式。
請將上面這兩句話用英文寫出來(翻譯出來)
你先寫:
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
(自己檢查單詞 語法 句子是否通順 不要求用大詞 但必須語法正確,句子通順)
好,我給答案:
Meat-eatersargue that animals are below humans in thefood chain.It is completely natural forus to kill them for food.
肉食主義者認為動物在食物鏈中是低於人類的。把動物作為食物是人類天性使然。
Our aim should be to improve farming methods.
我們的目標應該是改進動物養殖的方式。
注意看一下黑體字
Meat-eaters 肉食主義者
food chain 食物鏈
natural for us 天性使然
farming methods 養殖方式
這幾個英文單詞難不難?不難吧,都能看懂,但剛才讓你寫的時候你怎麼就寫不出來呢? 因為你沒用過啊,不熟練啊! 而句子翻譯練習就是讓你把 觀點 詞伙 進行一個熟練的過程
「」腦絲,我想問個問題,我們大家都去做這個練習了,考官會不會發現哇?」
問這個問題的人基本上雅思是徘徊在5.5分以下的。
道理很簡單,
第一,這裡你練習的是句子,是觀點,不是模版或套句(不是讓你做填詞遊戲),讓你讓你用你自己的語言把中文翻譯成英文。
第二,還是「肉食主義者認為動物在食物鏈中是低於人類的。把動物作為食物是人類天性使然。」這句話吧,大家在評論區,不看我的範例,自己用英文寫一下,100個人寫出來的,都不一定有2個是一樣的,不行大家在評論區試試。
-----------------------------------------------------------
以上這一部分關於詞伙與句子翻譯的練習,實際上是來自《跟雅思考官Simon學大作文》,如果你不想購買書的話,也有一個練習的方法,那就是把劍橋1-11里所有的9分範文自己翻譯成中文,一句英文對應一句中文,然後遮住英文,自己翻譯,再對比範文,這樣不斷的去練習,這也是詞伙+句子翻譯練習。
接下來我們說文章結構
2)雅思大作文文章結構
接下來讓Christopher Bell老師跟你講講文章結構
小白烤鴨和學霸烤鴨在寫作上的區別往往都是通過文章結構區分的,高分烤鴨都知道文章是有結構的,幾乎所有的大作文我都採用下面這個結構:
接下來我會告訴大家每一類題型對應的文章結構,這些結構都是考官高度認可的。它們會幫助你提升整篇文章的清晰度,流利度,進而幫助你提分。同時每一類題型我都給你配上了一篇範文,這樣你可以看看這個文章結構到底是怎麼運用的。
觀點類(Agree or Disagree)
題目:
Computers are being used more and more in education and so there will soon be no role for the teacher in education.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
開頭段
第一句,複述題目:
It is argued that ITisplayingan ever increasingrole inschools and universitiesandone dayteachers will be obsolete.
(原題:Computersarebeing usedmore and moreineducationand sothere will soon benorole for the teacher in education.To what extent do you agree or disagree?)
第二句,亮明觀點:
It is disagreed that technology will one day replace educators.
第三句,概述文章:
This essay will discuss,firstly the limitations of technology in education and secondly, the essential role teachers play in maintaining discipline in the classroom, followed by a reasoned conclusion.
主體段 1
第四句,中心句,說出第一個理由
Technology may be able to help students with some things but it has many limitations.
第五句,解釋中心論點
I.T. can not educate people as effectively as real human beings because computers can not detect things such as context, emotions and how an individual learns.
第六句,具體舉例
A prime example is language learning, in which teachers need to explain not only individualwords but how these words work in different situations.
第七句,讓步句
However, there may come a time in the very distant future when computers are able to carry outthese tasks.
主體段 2
第八句,中心句,說出第二個理由
Computers are also unable to ensure good classroom management.
第九句,解釋中心論點
A computer may be able to provide a student with lots of information, but it will not be able to motivate or discipline students when they display unacceptable behaviour.
第十句:具體舉例
For instance, unruly students could simply switch the device off and do nothing for the rest ofthe class.
第十一句,讓步句
Nevertheless,this may not be a problem for highly motivated adult students.
總結段
第十二句,總結
In conclusion,it is not likely that electronic devices will replace teachers in the future because ofcurrent limitations in technology and the requirement for teachers to maintain good behaviour in the the classroom.
第十三句,預測
It is predicted that computers will play an ever increasing role in the classroom but will neverfully replace humans.
最後來看一下完整的範文:
Computers are being used more and more in education and so there will soon be no role for the teacher in education.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is argued that IT is playing an ever increasing role in schools and universities and one day teachers will be obsolete. It is disagreed that technology will one day replace educators.This essay will discuss,firstly the limitations of technology in education and secondly, the essential role teachers play in maintaining discipline in the classroom, followed by a reasoned conclusion.
Technology may be able to help students with some things but it has many limitations.I.T. can not educate people as effectively as real human beings because computers can not detect things such as context, emotions and how an individual learns. A prime example is language learning, in which teachers need to explain not only individual words but how these words work in different situations.However, there may come a time in the very distant future when computers are able to carry out these tasks.
Computers are also unable to ensure good classroom management. A computer may be able to provide a student with lots of information, but it will not be able to motivate or discipline students when they display unacceptable behaviour. For instance, unruly students could simply switch the device off and do nothing for the rest of the class.Nevertheless,this may not be a problem for highly motivated adult students.
In conclusion,it is not likely that electronic devices will replace teachers in the future because of current limitations in technology and the requirement for teachers to maintain good behaviour in the the classroom. It is predicted that computers will play an ever increasing role in the classroom but will never fully replace humans.
(264 words,band 9)
利弊類(Advantage and disadvantages)
題目:
Computers are being used more and more in education.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion.
開頭段
第一句,複述題目
It is argued that technologyisplayingan every increasingrole inschools and universities.
原題:Computersarebeing usedmore and moreineducation.
第二句,概述文章
This essay will firstly, discuss student freedom as one of the main advantages of this and secondly, outline decreasing levels of face to face contact as one of the main disadvantages, followed by a reasoned conclusion.
主體段 1
第三句,說最大的優點
One of the principle advantages of an increase in the use electronic devices in education is theautonomy it provides students.
第四句,進一步解釋這個優點
Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or subject they want and study it in depth through the internet.
第五句,具體舉例
A prime example of this is the amount of online university courses available to students,covering a myriad of subjects, that up until recently were unavailable to most learners.
第六句,結果
This has resulted in more people studying third level degrees than ever before, at a pace andschedule that suits them.
主體段 2
第七句,說最大的缺點
The main disadvantage associated with increasing use of technology in education is thedecrease in face to face interaction between students.
第八句,進一步解釋這個缺點
Students spend more time looking at computer screens by themselves than interacting with each other.
第九句,具體舉例
For instance, the recent explosion in smart phone use has been at the expense of genuine human interaction.
第十句,結果
This results in soft skills, such as verbal communication and empathy, being effected.
總結段
第十一句,總結
In conclusion, the benefits technology brings to education, such as student autonomy, must beweighed against the drawbacks, such as negative effects on human interaction.
第十二句,觀點
Overall, the educational benefits outweigh the disadvantages because human beings will alwayswant human contact and most people will not solely use IT for education.
最後來看一下完整的範文:
Computers are being used more and more in education.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages and give your own opinion.
It is argued that technology is playing an every increasing role in schools and universities. This essay will firstly, discuss student freedom as one of the main advantages of this and secondly, outline decreasing levels of face to face contact as one of the main disadvantages, followed by a reasoned conclusion.
One of the principle advantages of an increase in the use electronic devices in education is the autonomy it provides students. Students have the freedom to focus on whatever topic or subject they want and study it in depth through the internet. A prime example of this is the amount of online university courses available to students, covering a myriad of subjects, that up until recently were unavailable to most learners.This has resulted in more people studying third level degrees than ever before, at a pace and schedule that suits them.
The main disadvantage associated with increasing use of technology in education is the decrease in face to face interaction between students. Students spend more time looking at computer screens by themselves than interacting with each other. For instance, the recent explosion in smart phone use has been at the expense of genuine human interaction. This results in soft skills, such as verbal communication and empathy, being effected.
In conclusion, the benefits technology brings to education, such as student autonomy, must be weighed against the drawbacks, such as negative effects on human interaction. Overall, the educational benefits outweigh the disadvantages because human beings will always want human contact and most people will not solely use IT for education.
(267 words,band 9)
雙邊討論類(Discussion both views)
題目:
Computers are being used more and more in education.Some people say that this is a positive trend,while others argue that it is leading to negative consequences.Discuss both sides of this argument and then give your own opinion.
開頭段
第一句,複述題目
There is an ever increasing use of technology,such as tablets and laptops,in the classroom.
原題:Computersare beingused more and morein education.
第二句,陳述兩邊觀點
It is often argued that this is a positive development, whilst others disagree and think it will leadto adverse ramifications.
第三句,亮明觀點
It is agreed that an increase in technology is beneficial to students and teachers.
第四句,概述文章
This essay will discuss both points of view before coming to a reasoned conclusion.
主體段 1
第五句,說一邊觀點
It is clear that the internet has provided students with access to more information than everbefore.
第六句,進一步說明一邊觀點
Moreover, learners have the ability to research and learn about any subject at the touch of abutton.
第七句,為什麼你同意這個觀點
It is therefore agreed that technology is a very worthwhile tool for education.
第八句,具體舉例
Wikipedia is a prime example, where students can simply type in any keyword and gain access to in-depth knowledge quickly and easily.
主體段 2
第九句,說另一邊觀點
However,many disagree and feel that technology deprives people of real human interaction.
第十句,進一步說明另一邊觀點
Human interaction teaches people valuable skills such as discourse, debate and empathy.
第十一句,為什麼你不同意另一邊觀點
Despite this,human interaction is still possible through the internet and this essay disagreestechnology should be dismissed for this reason.
第十二句,具體舉例
For instance, Skype and Facebook make it possible for people to interact in ways that were neverbefore possible.
總結段
第十三句,總結
While the benefits of technology, particularly the internet, allow students to tap in to limitless sources of information,some still feel that people should be wary of this new phenomena and not allow it to curb face to face interaction.
第十四句,給出你的判斷
However,as long as we are careful to keep in mind the importance of human interaction in education, the educational benefits are clearly positive.
最後來看一下完整的範文:
Computers are being used more and more in education.Some people say that this is a positive trend,while others argue that it is leading to negative consequences.Discuss both sides of this argument and then give your own opinion.
There is an ever increasing use of technology,such as tablets and laptops,in the classroom. It is often argued that this is a positive development, whilst others disagree and think it will lead to adverse ramifications.It is agreed that an increase in technology is beneficial to students and teachers.This essay will discuss both points of view before coming to a reasoned conclusion.
It is clear that the internet has provided students with access to more information than ever before. Moreover, learners have the ability to research and learn about any subject at the touch of a button.It is therefore agreed that technology is a very worthwhile tool for education.Wikipedia is a prime example, where students can simply type in any keyword and gain access to in-depth knowledge quickly and easily.
However,many disagree and feel that technology deprives people of real human interaction. Human interaction teaches people valuable skills such as discourse, debate and empathy. Despite this,human interaction is still possible through the internet and this essay disagrees technology should be dismissed for this reason.For instance, Skype and Facebook make it possible for people to interact in ways that were never before possible.
While the benefits of technology, particularly the internet, allow students to tap in to limitless sources of information,some still feel that people should be wary of this new phenomena and not allow it to curb face to face interaction. However,as long as we are careful to keep in mind the importance of human interaction in education, the educational benefits are clearly positive.
(270 words,band 9)
問題與對策類(Problem and Solution)
題目:
Students are becoming more and more reliant on computers.What are some of the problems associated with reliance on computers, and what are some of the possible solutions?
開頭段
第一句,複述題目
Learners are becoming ever moredependent ontechnology, such asthe internet and mobiledevices.
原題:Studentsare becoming more and morereliant oncomputers.
第二句,概述文章
This essay will discuss one of the main problems associated with dependence on computers and suggest a viable solution, before coming to a reasoned conclusion.
主體段 1
第三句,說出問題
The principal problem with over reliance on technology, such as tablets and computers, isplagiarism.
第四句,進一步解釋存在的問題
Students often use search engines to answer a question and simply copy the text from a website, rather than thinking about the question.
第五句,問題導致的後果
This practice is not only prohibited in schools and universities,but also stunts a student 』 s intellectual development.
第六句,具體舉例
For example, many teachers complain that students copy web pages straight from Wikipediaword for word rather than giving a reasoned answer to their questions.
主體段 2
第七句,說出解決措施
A solution to this worrying problem is asking students to email their answers to teachers and teachers using anti-plagiarism software to detect copying.
第八句,進一步說解決措施
Moreover,students would be made aware of this practice and this would inspire them to answerquestions using their own words, rather than someone else`s.
第九句,具體舉例
For instance,many universities already use this kind software to scan course work for plagiarismand it could be extended to include all homework, by learners in both secondary and tertiary education.
總結段
第十句,總結
In summary, one of the main problems with over-use of technology in education is plagiarism and this can be solved through the use of plagiarism detection software.
第十一句,預測
It is predicted that more and more students` will email their work to their teacher and this work will be scrutinised for plagiarism.
最後來看一下完整的範文:
Students are becoming more and more reliant on computers.What are some of the problems associated with reliance on computers, and what are some of the possible solutions?
Learners are becoming ever more dependent on technology, such as the internet and mobile devices.This essay will discuss one of the main problems associated with dependence on computers and suggest a viable solution, before coming to a reasoned conclusion.
The principal problem with over reliance on technology, such as tablets and computers, is plagiarism. Students often use search engines to answer a question and simply copy the text from a website, rather than thinking about the question.This practice is not only prohibited in schools and universities,but also stunts a student』s intellectual development.For example, many teachers complain that students copy web pages straight from Wikipedia word for word rather than giving a reasoned answer to their questions.
A solution to this worrying problem is asking students to email their answers to teachers and teachers using anti-plagiarism software to detect copying. Moreover,students would be made aware of this practice and this would inspire them to answer questions using their own words, rather than someone else`s. For instance,many universities already use this kind software to scan course work for plagiarism and it could be extended to include all homework, by learners in both secondary and tertiary education.
In summary, one of the main problems with over-use of technology in education is plagiarism and this can be solved through the use of plagiarism detection software. It is predicted that more and more students` will email their work to their teacher and this work will be scrutinised for plagiarism.
(289 words,band 9)
雙重問題類(Double Questions)
題目:
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.What factors contribute to job satisfaction?How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
開頭段
第一句,複述題目
As the majority of adultsspendmost oftheirtimeat work,being content with yourcareerisacrucial part of a person`shealth and happiness.
原題: As mostpeoplespenda major part oftheir adultlifeat work,jobsatisfaction isanimportant element of individualwellbeing.
第二句,概述文章(兩個問題都要談到)
This essay will first discuss which elements lead to job satisfaction and it will then address the question of how likely it is that everyone can be happy with their job.
主體段 1
第三句,直接回答第一個問題
The two most important things that lead to someone being satisfied at work are being treated with respect by managers and being compensated fairly.
第四句,解釋為什麼
If those more senior than you respect you as a person and the job you are doing then you feel like you are valued.
第五句,進一步解釋
A fair salary and benefits are also important considerations because if you feel you are being underpaid you will either resent your bosses or look for another job.
第六句,具體舉例
There two factors came top of a recent job satisfaction survey conducted by Monster.com, that found that 72% of people were pleased with their current role if their superiors regularly told them they were appreciated.
主體段 2
第七句,直接回答第二個問題
With regards to the question of happiness for all workers, I think this is and always will be highly unlikely.
第八句,解釋為什麼
The vast majority of people fail to reach their goals and end up working in a post they don』t really care about in return for a salary.
第九句,進一步解釋為什麼
This money is just enough to pay their living expenses which often means they are trapped in a cycle of disenchantment.
第十句,具體舉例
For example, The Times recently reported that 89% of office workers would leave their jobs if they did not need the money.
總結段
第十一句,總結
In conclusion, being satisfied with your trade or profession is an important part of one 』 s wellbeing and respect from one』s colleagues and fair pay can improve your level of happiness, however job satisfaction of all workers is an unrealistic prospect.
最後來看一下完整的範文:
As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.What factors contribute to job satisfaction?How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?
As the majority of adults spend most of their time at work,being content with your career is a crucial part of a person`s health and happiness. This essay will first discuss which elements lead to job satisfaction and it will then address the question of how likely it is that everyone can be happy with their job.
The two most important things that lead to someone being satisfied at work are being treated with respect by managers and being compensated fairly. If those more senior than you respect you as a person and the job you are doing then you feel like you are valued.A fair salary and benefits are also important considerations because if you feel you are being underpaid you will either resent your bosses or look for another job.There two factors came top of a recent job satisfaction survey conducted by Monster.com, that found that 72% of people were pleased with their current role if their superiors regularly told them they were appreciated.
With regards to the question of happiness for all workers, I think this is and always will be highly unlikely. The vast majority of people fail to reach their goals and end up working in a post they don 』 t really care about in return for a salary. This money is just enough to pay their living expenses which often means they are trapped in a cycle of disenchantment. For example, The Times recently reported that 89% of office workers would leave their jobs if they did not need the money.
In conclusion, being satisfied with your trade or profession is an important part of one 』 s wellbeing and respect from one』s colleagues and fair pay can improve your level of happiness, however job satisfaction of all workers is an unrealistic prospect.
(288 words,band 9)
好了,說到這裡我們再回頭看一下這個小圖:
這幾個題型,這些文章結構(或者說文章提綱),這些範文,都沒有脫離這個小圖,四段,13-14句話,每句話寫那些內容,你心裡要有數。你心裡有數了,寫出來的東西就會扣題,就會言之鑿鑿,考官看了就會思路清晰,明白。這就是我對文章結構這個練習希望你能打到的水平。
「腦絲,你這不是讓我們寫八股文嗎?」
Kids,雅思寫作就TMD的是八股文啊,如果你寫到今天還以為是讓你在寫散文,行雲流水,自由發揮啊!
最後,
我還是要把免責聲明再說一下,這位題主要是的寫作短期提分(0.5分左右),所以我給出了這樣一個句伙句子然後文章結構的學習方法,不代表之前強調的其他Units就是shit,這個問題一定要搞明白了,很多人只是胡亂的搜一些技巧,而不去看看它適用的基礎水平及其他附帶條件,反而會浪費很多備考時間和經歷。
文末給大家安利一下 劍12
戳: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1slfimst
瀉藥。針對你的問題,說下快速提升技巧。5.5分上不去,主要問題在於語法問題,全篇出現4-6個語法錯誤,6分一定沒希望。
首先說明,邏輯問題無法短期解決,如果你經常出現邏輯問題,那隻能通過長久的思考習慣和邏輯訓練來提升。
其次關於語法問題,我當時的做法是,找一張A4紙,把大作文分清楚每句話要寫什麼(比如首段第一句是背景化,第二句是改寫題目等),每句話列舉三個你熟知的且保證沒有語法錯誤的句子並背誦(可以是自己曾經總結出來的句子,可以是某些小眾寫作書或者其他文本中的句子,不要用十天突破和劍橋的原文!)
原則就是,只用自己有把握的句子,不要做中譯英,不要去做口頭翻譯。答主雅思寫作8分,任職3年新X方雅思寫作教師,不藏私,和大家分享我的觀點:如何在短時間彎道超車、快速上分雅思寫作。有很多內容想說,但篇幅所限,先拋些乾貨上來,大概3000字左右,希望讀完這10分鐘後讓你開啟新的認知範圍。
實話講「如何在短期內提高雅思寫作」,這個問題問的有些大,這麼寬泛的問題,就差問「如何短時間提高英語水平了」,因為它涉及到了很多方面,比方說學生所掌握的各種語言點的情況,思維素質情況,學生學術背景的具體情況,甚至是考生目前所在具體的分數段(3分和7分的考生提分難度和方式肯定不同)。但因為在教學過程中,許多的考生也問過我同樣的問題,我在這裡系統回答。結尾有彩蛋哈~
首先我們說說「短時間」,雅思官方給出的明確建議(如圖,提高一個等級也就是0.5分,需要120小時)
而這120小時指的是全心投入的有效時間,試問泡一天圖書館的你,敢保證幾個小時的有效時間~),因此對於大部分寫作分數在5~6.5之間(大部分考試所徘徊的區域)的考生,我們首先可以把這個時間預計在30小時(寫作單科=120小時÷4科)。再短就很難了,因為劍橋出雅思題的那些人,也在使出渾身解數防止學生投機取巧,短期突擊提高雅思分數。因為只有這樣,雅思才可以更公正準確的考察出你的真正英語能力,而不是技巧能力。
上面有政策,我們要想對策,學生出國太不容易了,前前後後準備快一年,結果0.5分的成績卡死了太多學生的名校夢,所以總結了一些實測有效,快速上分技巧。這個速成技巧,和語法辭彙沒太大關係,因為這兩個是你日積月累的素質,拼的是苦功內力(有空我會在之後系統回答這部分),我想在這裡教給大家的是常常被學生忽視的,但非常重要,而且可以快速學會的——文章框架和邏輯連接。
一,在文章框架這一項中,主要有這幾個方面的要求:
1.文章答案的完整性。也就是說題目中問到了什麼,我們務必都應該回應到。
例1)Some people believe famous people"s support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 這道題目中不論你是支持名人是有積極影響,還是支持名人是在幫倒忙,你都需要在文中公正的將它們先各寫一段,再給出自己的觀點。
有時,這樣的完整性存在於細節之中,也就是所謂的關鍵詞中,更得注意:
例2) When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centers for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 這道題目大家可以先思考一下,關鍵詞是什麼?首先是more than,因為我們必須在文章都提到公園和商場的重要性,並進行比較,缺一不可。其次是free time,大家試想一下,我能否以『商場可以帶動經濟,提高就業』來支撐我的段落?答案是否定的,因為這和free time 沒有關係,屬於偏題。
2. 要有清晰的立場。在搞清這個問題之前,需要知道的是,什麼是不清晰的立場---也就是搖擺不定的立場,比方,開始表明自己是同意,段內先寫了支持的論證,但又湊了一段不支持的好處,結尾寫到同意或不同意也不一定,這就是典型的立場不清晰。反之,清晰的立場應該是同意,不同意,或分情況討論都可以,但只有一條,自己選擇一條路,咬碎牙都要走完。
此處,尤其需要注意的是,並不是每道題目都可以任意選擇立場,一定要符合邏輯,這樣最大的好處是方便自己想分論點。(更多的立場判斷方式我們有空再開一篇)
例1)In many countries, young people are granted certain privileges and responsibilities at the age of sixteen. Clearly parents have a responsibility to both care for and prepare their children as they approach this important milestone. To what degree should parents intervene in the lives of their 14-15year –old children? 這個題目立場選擇單方面說同意家長intervene 與否都很沒有說服力,因此這道題最好的清晰立場是分具體情況(比方不同的方面)而討論。
3. 分論點之後需要有條理的層層遞進。也就是說文章中容不得廢話。大家在寫每一個句子的時候都應該知道我們寫這句話目的,否則就有偏題的嫌疑。大家看一個主題段的反例(學生該不該學習強制科目):
例1)Nowadays, many college students study only for final exams. They usually skip classes or sleep in the classroom. These phenomena show that they are not interested in what the teacher says. Students learn what they like so that they will be interested in learning. If students are interested in the class, they will improve their class efficiency and learn a lot of knowledge.
這一小段的意思是:1. 學生為考試學習。2.經常翹課。3.這顯示出他們對所學的沒興趣。3.學生們學習喜歡的,因此他們將會愛學習。4.要是學生感興趣,就會提高學習效率,並且學很多。雖然這一段有60多個詞,並且都是在圍繞學生該不該被強制學習固定科目在寫,但基本是一盤散沙,句子和句子直接基本是沒有堅實的邏輯關係。
正確的段落打開方式應該是:
例2) Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.(C8T1節選)
這一段乍一看辭彙難度也很一般,但是論證邏輯卻很嚴密。我們先梳理一下,1.學生進入學校就進入更寬廣社會(主題句),2.在學校將會和不同背景的人們共同生活學習(原因論證),3. 這精力將會教會他們怎麼合作,怎麼對社會做貢獻。(結果論證)
因此,我們應該如何確定邏輯關係呢?文章每段基本為這樣的框架結構,Topic sentences---&>extend---&>support(順序切勿打亂), 在extend這一部分,我們可以考慮採取原因,結果等論證方式,而在support 這部分,我們可以添加舉例,對比等佐證方式。這樣整個段落也就只有3句話左右,但每句話都有自己的論證,自己的功能,邏輯會相當堅實。
二,文章的邏輯連接方式:
剛才我們說了段落內容的組成,但是怎麼把他們有機的結合呢?這就需要邏輯詞的出現了。
我們很多同學的誤區是,1. 認為邏輯連接詞太簡單,不是很重要,平時都不用去關注都能寫好文章。2. 連接詞很多,我隨手能換著用,比方and換also, but 換however,很是嫻熟。3. 還有的人說,我的邏輯連接詞我知道的都好LOW, 老師能不能補點高端的。事實是,邏輯連接詞其實非常重要,他們可以讓我們邏輯緊湊,語法高端,並避免流水賬。而且,連接詞都很樸實,太繁瑣複雜的既會難以駕馭,更會被考官判為過度使用(over-use). 因此,我們必須準確知道連接詞分類。否則是非常容易犯錯的,也就是說,but 是和however不能互換。
1. 連詞,包括並列連詞(並列句)和從屬連詞(從句),例如,and, but , that….此項較為基礎,但用好了後複雜句式也能提高飛快。但需注意,它們通常都和逗號同框出現,也就是說A句. And/But/So +B句。但,這是錯誤,或是不夠學術的寫法,應該為,A句,and/but/so +B句(有些文章的but 等詞確實出現在句首,但屬於語言的演變過程,我們嚴謹些沒壞處)。
2. 副詞性。其中包括單純副詞(Firstly, Additionally, However,Nonetheless等),也包括同等用法同等意思的的介詞加名詞(At first, In addition, On the other hand),他們通常出現在句首,也就是句號之後。需注意和連詞用法進行區分。
在這裡給大家出個問題:區分However, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison, instead 的區別。
3. 代詞,也就是說,一個句子完結後,並不用副詞進行連接,而是讓This, Those, The, Such…這些詞像鉤子一樣,緊緊勾住前句的邏輯,從而沒有連接詞的使用也不會有邏輯鬆散的感覺。這種用法在考官範文中更常見,在作文中也更容易得分。因為其他方式考官可能會認為(mechanically),也就是過度機械。
我們賞析一段考官的文筆,
例1) Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially. They make friends and learn how to get on with other children of a similar age. This is often not possible at home because they are the only child, or because their brothers or sisters are older or younger. C4GB
可以看出,句中沒有華麗的連接,但是每句話都相互緊密聯繫。
因此,也就是說,大家在每個句子或分句間(也就是逗號,和句號後)都要有連接詞,如果沒有,就需要用代詞進行指代連接,否則十有八九都會判錯。再重複一遍,句號配副詞或代詞,逗號配連詞。
最後,再次強調,我在這裡推薦框架和連接的最主要的原因是,這兩項和英語水平基本無關,又被大多數人忽略,因此我們在認識到這兩項重要性後更可能短期提分!祝圓夢你的理想大學。
最後給出彩蛋:1. 重大語法錯誤2個以上基本上寫作6分沒戲。 2.想要得較高分數(6分+),需要在文章中出現至少一次超過3行的長難句。
碼字不易,如果覺得不錯請點贊哈,那樣17姐後續更新也更有動力呀,關於出國留學文書可以查看 17姐其他高贊回答,希望幫助大家少踩坑:
撰寫留學申請的個人陳述 (PS, personal statement)時有哪些常見的誤區? (可點擊)
撰寫留學申請的個人陳述 (PS, personal statement)時有哪些常見的誤區?www.zhihu.com出國留學是否需要留學中介機構?理由是什麼? (可點擊)
出國留學是否需要留學中介機構?理由是什麼?www.zhihu.com怎樣才能寫好留學文書呢? (可點擊)
怎樣才能寫好留學文書呢?www.zhihu.com————————————————分割線——————————————————
17姐近期做了微信公眾號「17留學路」(微信公眾號:liuxuelu17)希望幫大家在留學道路上,少踩坑少踩坑!成為名校收割機。公號定期拆解文書秘笈,雅思提分心得,以及個人聯繫方式等;
如果還有問題或需求,可以私信我,或者通過公號「17留學路」找17姐,聯繫我哈
祝大家都能申請到滿意學校。
模仿。已經有5.5的基礎,就別再模仿考官範文了,模仿對象要水平更高一些,至少是quora牛人,最好是《衛報》專欄作家或《經濟學人》的文章。發揚「熟讀唐詩三百首」的精神吧。另外,寫作上6分的關鍵在於語法錯誤少。少寫長句、複雜句,沒有把握的句式不要用(在你模仿的文章里很少出現的句式),就可以了。最後還有一個可能是你請的老師水平有問題。
這個問題我覺得應該分不同的類型的學生。
如果是面向基礎中等的學生那麼可以採取如下方法
1. 關於小作文快速構思:
就常見的雅思小作文常見精典題型的文章框架、數據的詳略安排和比較有系統的梳理,做到拿到一道題就能快速構思框架,以下是推薦用來做此練習的小作文題目:
Table
C6T2; C7T1; C10T2
Line graph線圖
C7T2; C8T4; C9T4
Bar chart柱狀圖
C5T2; C6T4; C9T2; C10T3
Pie chart餅狀圖
C8T2; C9T3; C10T1
Process diagram流程圖
C6T3; C10T4
Map 地圖
C5T3; C9T1
Mixed混合圖
C4T4; C8T1
構思結束後如果有不確定的,可以參考範文(如果真題上又考官範文的話,當然請注意範文的框架不一定就是唯一最好的,有疑問的可以直接問老師)
2. 大作文容易離題、偏題的同學:
對題目的理解錯誤或者不到位會影響到審題出現偏差進而導致離題或偏題,建議大家可以挑選一本市面上的雅思範文素材(如《十天突破雅思寫作完整真題庫與6-9分範文全解》),先讀題,自己嘗試進行點的構思,再將自己的想到的點和範文中的進行對比;
構思分論點過程中可以套用以下句式來保證邏輯性:
我認為高中生應該參加社區義務勞動(支持的觀點),因為這能使他們有機會更深入地了解社會(分論點)。
如果這個句式不成立,那請三思你想的分論點是否有離題的嫌疑。
3. 對於大作文無法快速構思:
針對這點老師在課堂上會講解一些方法,如分類法、對想法、萬能法等,這些方法能在短期內較高效地幫助大家拓展思路和梳理分論點,但如果想要真正地坐到遊刃有餘,平常的積累是必須的。如果時間允許,希望考生平常能就常見的幾大話題進行分論點的梳理。
舉個例子,拿政府類話題講,考生手中最好有這類題型的常見真題,可以通過閱讀範文,或者關鍵詞搜索英文網頁(翻牆的同學首選Google,不能翻牆的湊活著用必應),閱讀相關材料的方法,推薦的網站有:https://www.quora.com(英文版的知乎), http://idebate.org(議論文素材搜集), http://www.ted.com (視聽材料:TED演講視頻,官網上有關於各個關鍵詞的小標籤),http://www.theguardian.com/uk 衛報等一些主流媒體的網站。
閱讀過程中可以做兩件事:
1.摘錄有用辭彙、表達、句型,請注意甄別詞句的風格是否夠正式、學術;
2.可以利用思維導圖等進行思路拓展。
3.有條件的話可以邀請一同備戰的考生一起進行頭腦風暴、挑選和組織分論點。
4. 對於辭彙表達匱乏、容易出錯和使用不準確地道的同學:
很多學辭彙量較大的學生常常閱讀能拿到令自己較滿意的成績,但是每每動筆就感覺辭彙量匱乏,因為很多詞只停留在認知的階段,還沒被「激活」。那怎樣才能有效激活辭彙呢?最方便的方法當然是每次都有老師直接給你把俗爛的表達替換成更準確地道的表達,但是這大概只有極少數在VIP學生能享有的服務,而且這種方法無法增強學生學習的獨立性,那麼自己在家該如何提升自己的Lexical resource呢?
a. 詞的替換:
在word中進行寫作-選中需要進行替換的詞-右鍵-同義詞。當然很多電子字典或在線字典也有同義詞詞典的功能,如,mac版自帶的Oxford Thesaurus of English就有這一功能;
b. 詞的搭配:
很多同學在寫作的時候會發現對很多詞的搭配不確定,有時候沒辦法就湊活寫上去了,這時推薦兩個在線辭彙搭配網站:
普通版(user-friendly):
http://oxforddictionary.so8848.com
http://www.ozdic.com
辭彙量和詞法夠牛的同學: http://prowritingaid.com/free-online-collocations-dictionary.aspx
或者可以利用語料庫搜索:
對於翻牆翻得很溜的同學:
https://scholar.google.co.uk
操作方法:
英文雙引號中輸入需要搜索的搭配,如:「attach importance to」,再按enter鍵,看搜索結果有多少個,一般如果結果只有幾十個幾百個,就要懷疑自己用得是否地道了;如果搭配中有其它詞出現,可以用*號代替這個詞,如: 「take * into consideration」,再按enter鍵,看搜索結果有多少個。
無法翻牆的同學推薦兩個常見語料庫:
http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/
5. 對於語法錯誤較多的同學:
a. 如果自身語感很好或語法已經掌握得很好,卻常常因為不夠細心而出現小的語法錯誤的同學,建議平常掐時間練習,並養成檢查的好習慣;
b. 對照以下的語法小錯誤清單,提醒自己,逐條校對,盡量做到接近零錯誤:
1) 可數名詞單數是否赤裸裸?
2) 三單是否注意?
3) 詞性是否明確?(to do/doing?)
4) 時態是否明確?
5) 存在句型(there …)的簡單句中是否又出現了謂語動詞?
6) 主被動是否正確?
7) 標點是否正確?(which從句和分詞短語等作狀語時是否需要用逗號隔開)
8) 另外,一同備考的考生之間也可以進行peer correction,很多時候同伴總能看到自己看不到的錯誤,而且通常大家可以互相幫助找茬。
對於程度比較好的同學,則可以採用下面的訓練方法:
(想要目標6.5 -7寫作成績,基礎語法紮實的同學可以試試)
寫好一篇英文的議論文和說明文,第一步應該是語言的輸入,也就是你要閱讀,通過閱讀考官範文了解英語為母語的人是如何寫學術類的雅思文章,分析Ta們所使用的地道辭彙搭配,語法結構,論證方式。接下來一步,就是把這些運用到你的寫作,這一步往往是比較難的,因為很多人不知怎麼用,所以推薦下面的方式練習:
英語-中-英 翻譯練習
具體操作方式:把劍橋考官範文閱讀,查生詞,分析結構後,翻譯成中文,再根據所翻譯出來的中文翻譯成英文,翻譯成英文的時候盡量回憶考官所使用的辭彙和句式而不是用自己的不正式的或者不地道的表達方式,翻譯出來的英文文章再與考官範文進行對比,訂正辭彙搭配和語法方面的問題。
推薦文章:C5 T2, C8 T3, C9 T1, C9 T3 考官範文
為了達到較好的效果:每篇文章至少中英互譯2次以上
一篇練習時間:大概2個小時
這樣練習的具體目的是
1)為了提高高級語法,練習運用較複雜的句式。很多同學知道定語從句,名詞性從句,但是就是不知道怎麼運用出來,或者是寫著寫著就忘了加上主句或者出現其它語法錯誤。在進行這個練習的時候,就在練習使用複雜句式。
2)積累並且運用地道的辭彙搭配。對於雅思成績在6分的學生,辭彙有一定的積累了,但是經常聽人說:我知道這些辭彙這些表達,但我不知道要用或怎麼用。所以,在做翻譯的時候,你積累了考官所使用的地道表達,然後在翻譯成英文的時候,你又在「逼迫」自己把這些表達運用到寫作當中。當你對一篇範文中英翻譯三次的時候,你基本上已經能把這些表達運用到相關話題的寫作當中了。
當然還有就是寫好最好有老師可以改,有feedback很重要,像我自己的團隊就會組織一些寫作群,每天免費幫三個學生改作文,有需要的可以關注下公眾號genta520,詢問下怎麼入群
首先不要用模版,其次扔掉十天突破這類書,第三注重行文的流暢,也就是論證的環環相扣,最後檢查是否每一句話都淺顯易懂。是的,你沒有看錯,是淺顯易懂,不是晦澀高深。你考的是作文,考官看的是閱讀理解。你讓考官有看文言文的感覺,就離死不遠了。這也就是為什麼要行文流暢,你得讓考官嗨起來。
經常會聽到身邊的「烤鴨」小夥伴,一次5.5,兩次5.5,三次....算了,說多了都是淚,在我看來雅思寫作要達到6.5+,要做到有套路而不失邏輯!所以我建議在短暫的時間內提升兩塊主要內容:1.提升句子的完整性和邏輯性 2.完善一套自己的寫作結構(注意不是「模板」)。練好上面兩點,足矣!既然是回答你的問題,那我廢話不多說,舉例切身體會到以上兩塊內容的重要性(尤其是考過多次雅思始終沒有上6的烤鴨體會更加深刻)
1.提升句子的完整性和邏輯性
透過雅思寫作關於語法結構多樣性5,6,7 分的評分標準,理解上面這一點,看圖來說明:
首先我舉一個比較誇張的例子:
你是否在「刷題」的過程中運用了類似的語法結構:Nowadays,there are many traffic jams on the road(現在,交通阻塞非常嚴重). 為了體現你會使用複雜的語法結構,在on the road後面加上了 which are built by workers. 很明顯這是上面表格中5分評分標準的雷區(沒有語法錯誤,但是有經驗的讀者一看就知道是多餘的),而且寫完作文後,是否有體會除了用which定於從句,就是用that定於從句,有時候還不能準確把我限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的使用,更別談其他高大上的語法結構了!好了,那上面的例子:現在,交通阻塞非常嚴重。如何才能拓展成複雜結構呢? 我們試著從句子的完整性和邏輯性出發來分析!
如今nowadays,這個單詞使用的不夠準確,並不是說低級,而是過於籠統了。那我們來想一下,問:什麼時候才會出現交通阻塞?
答:高峰時期 in the rush hours(想一下可以再具體下嗎--工作日的上下班高峰期during the rush hours of workdays)問:哪些地方面臨交通阻塞問題?答:全世界大城市的通病(in the major cities around the world )
有木有發現,不知不覺我們使用了 「時間狀語+地點狀語」,就是這麼出其不意!
然而並沒有結束,因為就算加上了時間和地點狀語,依然無法構成複雜句型。接下來就是見證奇蹟的時刻,句子的邏輯性起到了關鍵作用。思考一下:為什麼會有交通阻塞這個現象?因為:路上的私家車增多了;絕大多數人都是在早晚高峰上下班!於是乎,原因狀語從句油然而生,有木有~~
because most people/ a number of people/ a large propotion of people commute to and from work.
因此上面一句簡單雅思寫作觀點:如今,道路上的交通阻塞很嚴重。從句子的完整性和邏輯性出發,就可以很easy的寫出7分的雅思寫作句型:There are many traffic jams on the road during the rush hour of the workdays in the major cities around the world becuase a number of people commute to and from work.
如果你看到這裡,我很榮幸,同時也給你點贊!
光說不練假把式,從句子的完整性和邏輯性出發,完善下面句子的語法結構多樣性:
Those who work for the same organization have better promotion prospect.Watching TV programmes is detrimental to children"s eyesight.Nowadays, air travel is becoming the first choice of many people.關注微信公眾號:Eric英語俱樂部,回復:「筆記」二字! get精美原創筆記。
來看下第二點,
2.完善一套自己的寫作結構(注意不是「模板」)
既然是考試類英語,必定需要有自己的寫作結構(再次強調:不是模板)。感覺有必要解釋下,模板你可能自己也整理過,看下圖,是否感覺好眼熟,是否在很多大咖書籍中見過,此處省略多個書名號:
在我看來,如果你的語言使用能力能夠達到7+以上的程度,在很久很久以前可能得到6分,可惜的是,考官已經識別前篇一律的套路了,所以說,要想達到6分,我還是忠誠的建議,踏踏實實。慢慢來,比較快!其實你畢竟還有一個月時間,沒有必要背誦模板!
那何為雅思寫作結構呢? 根據多年的教學經驗總結的邏輯框架思路,你是否能看出端倪?下圖中的所給出的單詞,千萬不要背誦,因為這不是模板,只是思路,思路,思路!重要的事情說三遍......
參照上述邏輯框架,練習一篇題目:
Do the problems brought by International travels outweigh the advantages?
具體如何運用,這裡就不一一回答了,可以關注二維碼,回復筆記,對照筆記仔細體會我說的上述兩點(想一下,還記得嗎?)
1)本文分為四個部分:分別是1月1日更新、12月29日更新、12月24日更新、往期內容。
2)1月1日更新:大作文系列——如何審題【文末有國外原版大作文書】
12月29日更新:教你如何寫雅思小作文,並在文末【免費贈送國外原版小作文書】
12月24日更新:戳出你寫作萬年5.5的真相,告訴你哪些寫作坑不能跳。
往期內容:教你如何找准捋順寫作思路、如何發展段落、並贈免費公開寫作課【教你如何批改自己的作文!】
--------------------------1月1日更新-------------------------------------------------------
「戳文末,可獲「精講精練、不啰嗦」的國外原版雅思寫作書哦」
1 、如何審題
你需要弄清以下三點:
Keywords Qualifying words Action words
以下方標題為例:
Technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world today. In the not too distant future, technology will completely replace the teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
請看解析:
Keywords:Keywords are the topics that focus the candidate』s writing. In other words, they are the subjects that can be included in the candidate』s written response.
在這個標題里,『technology』和『education』 就是keywords.
Qualifying words:Qualifying words are the words in the question which tell the candidate how the various ideas relate. They are often the words that describe degree and frame some overarching opinion.
這個標題中的qualifying words有:
『increasingly prevalent』 ——這說明 Technology is being used more and more in classroom education.
『completely replace』 ——這個片語代表Teachers are going to be eliminated by technological advancement.
『In the not too distant future』 ——表明That the prediction in the question is expected to occur somewhat soon.
常見的qualifying words有哪些呢?
有沒有什麼方式可以把它們分個類呢?
Action words:Action words are the words that elicit response from the candidate and ultimately channel the candidate』s writing towards an argument or discussion essay structure.
所以, 『do you agree or disagree with this statement』, 是此標題中的action words.
2 、只會審題,那可不夠
你得確保自己真正明白「這個題目在問什麼」
所以,你需要在心裡paraphrase。
比如本文中的這個題目,可以paraphrase為:Do you agree or disagree that technology will supersede the role of teachers in the near future?
現在,是不是真正理解這個題目啦?
3 、本期習題
1)
Of all public transportation options, a metro is the most convenient way toget around a large city. Do you agree or disagree?
Keywords:
Qualifying words:
Action words:
Reworded question:
2)
More than one university degree is required to get ahead in many professions today. In the future, it is likely that people will attain a number of degrees before even starting work. Respond to this argument.
Keywords:
Qualifying words:
Action words:
Reworded question:
4 、本期習題答案
1)
Keywords: public transportation, metro, large city
Qualifying words: most convenient
Action words: Do you agree or disagree?
Reworded question: Is a subway system the easiest way to get around a large city?
2)
Keywords: university degree, professions
Qualifying words: more than one, get ahead, a number of, before even starting
Action words: Respond to this argument.
Reworded question: Do you agree that people will need to get a number of degrees to be competitive in the workplace of the future?
當然,你可能還有許多問題
1)完全不知道如何寫論點,怎麼辦?
2)開頭段該怎麼寫?
3)Cohesion和coherence怎麼破?
4)
Advantage and disadvantage questions
Cause and effect / problem and solution questions
Double action questions
如何從容應對這些花式題型?
5)有沒有精選的滿分作文?
福利時間
本書作者介紹:
本雅思寫作系列共3本。即A類小作文、G類小作文、AG通用大作文。「團隊老師當時用57美元購買」
現在,我們將其上傳到了qq群「雅思寫作精選資源」,群號為:687815742
群文件如下:
包括A類小作文、G類小作文:
AG通用大作文:
群內定期更新「經濟學人」,方便烤鴨積累小作文用詞。
如何利用「經濟學人」積累小作文用詞,請戳往期推送:現在重考雅思的人,都是因為不知道這個方法
同時,我們也會在群內推送精選的優質寫作資源,讓你不需要在凌亂的資源中掙扎……
群內持久更新優質寫作資源,讓烤鴨從此遠離模板作文!
QQ群「雅思寫作精選資源」,群號為:687815742
-----------------------12月29日更新-------------------------------------------------------
【非廣告】
「文末贈送雅思電子書免費下載鏈接」
原文鏈接:現在重考雅思的人,都是因為不知道這個方法!
如何用英文來描述數據?
如何積累雅思小作文的用詞?
首先你要學會快速定位,利用「Ctrl+F」查找「%」或者「percent」,快速定位到中英文中的數據表達部分。
然後利用合適的網站和書籍…開始查找表達!
- 利用FT中文網的雙語閱讀版塊
如圖所示:
「再次升至4%上方」!「rise beyond 4 percent again」你學會了嗎?!
「下降4.4%...降速將快於今年…3.6%的降幅」
「…shrink 4.4 percent… is more rapid than the 3.6 percent drop」
有了這些表達,你還怕自己小作文用詞模板化嗎?!
2. 利用《經濟學人》
進入下方版塊:
你會看到:
放大以後…是不是發現寶了…
「…still 40% below its peak in 2011…
「…24% less than in the same period of 2015—the first fall in three years.」
「…is down by 11% year on year」
「…accumulating $1.8 billion, 11% of the total, so far this year.」
「…fell by 14% in the year to July.」
「…has risen to 25%, from less than 5% in the 1950s.」
為什麼《經濟學人》上可以找到這麼多小作文表達?
因為它有這麼幾個版塊:
「Business」
「Finance and economics」「Economic and financial indicators」
所以你會看到許多圖表:
3. 利用國外原版雅思小作文書
如下圖:
哪怕是流程圖,也不怕不怕了…
哪怕遇到地圖題?!
總之,神器在手,高分我有!
4. 免費下載鏈接
我們把上文中價值19美元的雅思小作文書已經免費上傳到QQ群「筆墨英語寫作社」:640438456
免費入群,免費下載哦!快快入群吧!
-------------------------12月24日更新--------------------------------------------------
雅思寫作要想上7分,請先別犯以下錯誤...!
- 單複數錯誤
不多說了。看下文,哪個地方單複數錯誤?
There are people maintaining that as technology develops, people』s life become more complex…
如果這麼明顯的錯誤都找不出來,那你就只能跪在5.5旁再考一次了。
2. 搭配不當
搭配不當是很多考生的痛點。
從活動開始到現在,我們批改了80多篇作文,卻沒能找到——片語搭配不出錯的作文……
基礎好點的同學,錯一兩個搭配。
弱一點的同學,他們的作文每隔一行就要被批註「搭配不當」……
連老師看著都心中很痛……
…which can apply more chances for young people to be educated and keep a foothold in this drastic competition…
你找出錯誤了嗎?!
這位同學的這一段落,經過我們大修後,大概是這樣的…
如下圖…
3. 介詞使用錯誤
幾乎所有考生,都走在用錯介詞的不歸路上…
Advertisements tend to associate commodities with a high status in the purpose of earn more money…
請找錯。
找對了說明你還有救。
答案是:
4. 冠詞使用錯誤
也許有同學能做到全文中只錯一兩個搭配,但他永遠做不到只錯一個冠詞。
要麼忘記加,要麼亂加。
Electronic products and Internet have the significant impact on their study.
請找出句子中兩處冠詞使用錯誤。
答案是:
1) the Internet
2) have a significant impact on
5. 亂用分詞
比如這位同學:……
Large amount of money pouring into healthy services means that…
請挑錯。
答案是:
…money poured into…
(這個句子中還有搭配錯誤,看看哪位同學能找出來哦)
6. 銜接不當
許多同學都愛曬承接詞。
但他們從未查過承接詞的英英釋義。
不僅如此,這些糊塗考生還熱衷於同義替換。
於是他們非常自然的——削弱了自己文章的銜接與連貫性……
嚴重點的,還會離題。
比如:
有位同學的作文是這樣的:
第一段:Some people think it is beneficial for kids to study a second language when in primary school. I do support the idea, although there are some disadvantages.
第二段:….第三段:On the contrary, I can not deny there are also some disadvantages. 第四段:Above all, although there are some disadvantages of learning a foreign language at elementary school, the advantages are outweigh then in the long term.
那麼究竟是哪個承接詞導致此文離題?!
很明顯,這位同學被同義替換誤導,從未真正查過on the contrary的英英釋義。
正因如此,他從第三段開始就直接離題…
7. 思路混亂
批改了80多篇作文,都沒能找到邏輯分明的那一篇。
我們為個別同學做了一份xmind文件,戳出其寫作思路上的不足。
如圖所示:
好了,請大家看能否找出這段話中邏輯有誤的地方:
文章標題:
Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to school. What are the reasons? How can we solve this problem?
正文節選:
Electronic products and Internet have the significant impact on their study. Mobile phones and laptops are so popular in the campus that many students are glued to them even when they are in class.
你,找出邏輯詭異的地方了嗎?!
答案是:
文章標題提到的是children。
而作者提到了campus…
8. 離題萬里
最可怕的不是離題萬里,而是離題萬里你不自知,還抱著作文沾沾自喜。
「用了這麼高難的辭彙我真是好棒棒!」
比如文章標題是:
Children』s education is expensive. In some countries, the government pays some or all of the costs. Do the advantages overweight its disadvantages?
你寫的是:
To conclude, part of financial income should cover the cost on education for children. However, Education spending of family should be shared by governments and families, which is helpful to ease the burdens of both sides.
考官看後應該很尷尬…
以上錯誤,大家都發現了嗎?!
關注「筆墨英語」微信公眾號,進入鏈接學了六年英語,才發現前5年的堅持全錯了「還在錯過作文福利?」可獲取往期寫作公開課錄播課視頻!
--------------------------------------往期內容----------------------------------------------
本周六(12月2日晚)我們還有一次免費的寫作公開課,手把手幫你診斷你寫作中的問題!加Q群筆墨英語寫作社,群號碼:640438456,可免費獲取往期錄播課視頻+本期直播鏈接+國外原版寫作資源。
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上不了7分主要有以下幾點原因:
原文鏈接:怎樣用三步繞開英文寫作誤區
1.邏輯問題!
比如寫作思路很牽強,又或者寫作思路排列混亂!
所以,對烤鴨來說,最重要的是找准思路,然後再來捋順思路!
1)如何找准思路:
對於基本寫作思路都想不出來的同學,建議看看simon那本「Ideas for IELTS topics」。
如果你生性放蕩不羈,不想自己觀點與眾多烤鴨重合,那麼請看慎小嶷「十天突破寫作完整真題庫與6-9分範文全解」的每章「思路指導」部分。
至於裡面的作文分析,建議還是別花太多時間了。畢竟,紙上談兵三百回,也不如真槍實戰打一場。何況,雅思不適合打持久戰,備考時分秒都珍貴。
2)如何捋順思路:
舉個栗子。
在一篇談論你是否同意:「...the image (photograph of film) is becoming a more powerful way of communicating than the written word.」的文章中,有位同學列出了三大原因以表「同意」,他的三個觀點排列順序如下:images are beautiful and attractive——image show things clearly——images are easier to remember。
可是,這樣的結構反而有些頭重腳輕。
我們把這排列順序重新調整了一番:image show things clearly——images are easier to remember——images are beautiful and attractive。
為什麼呢?
思路的排列順序,應該「from the upper to the lower, from the right to the left, from near to the far, from the small to the big, from the outside to the inside, from the tangible to the invisible, from the concrete to the abstract. 」
同樣地,此處我們可以運用:從「最重要的因素」說起,慢慢過渡到「不太重要的因素」這條規則。所以「images are beautiful and attractive」理應調至最後。
2.批改作文的問題!
作文批改,請找那些讓你多參與其中的老師
找人批改了那麼多次作文,可還是屢屢犯錯。
不是因為你批改次數不夠多,而是老師告知你太多,你卻參與太少。
一篇作文的修改,理應是這樣的:
「以下是某位老師的部分修改批註」
烤鴨收到老師的簡明批註,感到被戳中要害,於是自己查錯因。此時,老師再來教授其查證方法。
只有經過這樣的魔鬼訓練,考生才能在實踐中明白自己的寫作誤區,在每一次寫作後,都能成批改正錯誤,從而補全學習短板,實現舉一反三、不再反覆出錯。
而且經過這樣的訓練,考生從此能學會怎樣修改自己作文,再也不用反覆花錢找人批改!
但大部分烤鴨更喜歡下面這種——幾乎不用自己後續查詢的粗暴答案:
「以下截取自淘寶」
於是,收到詳細批註的烤鴨總在單個改正錯誤,學習效率遠遠不如前者。 最後自己還是不知道怎麼修改作文。
畢竟,只見樹木不見林,就只能走在反覆出錯的不歸路上。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
最後附贈幾張按照段落髮展方式分好類的承接詞大圖!
發展段落的方式有多種,如:比較與對比、從概述到細節、因果關係、時間順序、空間順序等。
聽來和兒時所學的文章結構分析沒兩樣,但切換成英文後,就幾乎沒人有這樣發展段落的意識。而少數有這意識的考生,早已按照這些段落髮展方式,把承接詞語分了個類。當他們遇到不會寫的段落,馬上啟動腦內機制,琢磨琢磨「這個段,我是寫成比較方式、還是先概述再細節,又或者先說結果再說原因呢?…」思考完段落寫法後,他們馬上反應出對應連接詞,實戰時也不卡殼。
那麼,這些詞語到底怎麼分類?請見下表:
看到了嗎!如果你動筆前就決定好段落髮展方式,瞬間調動相應承接詞,媽媽就再也不用擔心你犯「連接詞糾結症」?! 此時,你離寫好傳統的「雙方討論/同不同意/比較利弊型」考試文章,也就不遠了。
以上這些承接詞,就好比一篇文章中的 「顯性路標」。其實每篇文章還暗含了許多「隱性路標」,而這,就涉及到主述位理論和其他內容了。這點下次再更~
============貼一波分界線===============================
我們這次免費公開課都上了什麼內容?
「New transport system will occupy...」
「When I was young, I always admire those who are free to play in the yard at the moment..,」
「…pour a plenty of money into new railway lines…」
這些都是真實的寫作例子,你能從中發現幾個錯誤?
抱著自己的習作沾沾自喜,想著自己這麼勤奮,雅思寫作至少6.5沒問題,最後成績出來,發現又是5分?
學了這麼久英語,還是無法發現自己學習過程中的錯誤,還不是因為你又錯過一堂免費公開課!
昨晚7點半,揪出你寫作時的壞毛病!
讓我們看看昨晚和我們一起嗨的同學們都說了什麼!
關鍵是,這只是第二次課,下周六還有一次免費公開課哦!這樣的活動以後不會再有啦!
對於錯過本次公開課的同學,我們為你獻上了錄播課福利!
乾貨大禮包,請查收
25日晚講解的內容主要為「如何查證表達」,Zoe老師講了一個多小時,終於把這五大塊講完,並告訴我這還只是查證表達的第一部分…【小編:懵逼臉】
讓勤懇搬磚的小編來為大家挑出昨晚的花絮吧!
查證表達時應該注意什麼問題?
如果你找不出下圖中的錯誤,那說明你在5.5分的寫作道路上越走越遠…
大家當時的反應都是這樣的:
實際上,正確的答案是這樣的…
如果你還在一臉懵逼,不明白修改原因…請火速滑到文末獲取錄播課鏈接…
查不到可以替換的相關近義詞,寫作時只好把同一個詞說上10遍,怎麼破?
「我都在大作文里寫了好幾個public transport了,有沒有辦法可以替換它?」
「當,然,有!」
「可我還是不知道你怎麼查出來的…」
「那快快去看錄播課吧!」
電腦端詞典那麼多?配備哪幾本詞典就足夠?
下面這些詞典,你總不可能全都要吧?
「寫作時該配備哪些種類的電腦端詞典呢?」
「手機端詞典那麼貴,那麼多,不可能全部配備,該怎麼辦?」
「我只會用COCA語料庫的list功能,別的全都不懂,根本不知道怎樣核實自己的表達,怎麼辦?
「Grammar等寫作工具,好像起不了太大作用?!怎麼辦呢?」
天機不可泄露,小編只能讓你去問Zoe老師。
回到開頭,
「New transport system will occupy...」
「When I was young, I always admire those who are free to play in the yard at the moment..,」
「…pour a plenty of money into new railway lines…」
如果你還沒找出這三個例子的錯誤…說明你前五年的堅持,真的全錯了…
快快加群筆墨英語寫作社,群號碼:640438456,獲取錄播課視頻+國外原版寫作資源吧!下周六我們還有一次免費寫作課喲!
就小作文而言其實有很多學生學過了兩遍都還寫不出一個符合要求的小作文,因為大部分學員都忽略了圖表作文的真正目的,只是一味的羅列數據或者羅列變化趨勢,你要意識到圖表本身要比你文字羅列清晰準確的多。其實小作文真正要大家做的是總結概括這要特徵,並且作對比。所以在面對一片小作文的時候不管他是靜態圖還是動態圖不要拿過來就寫,要先思考你有多少個對比點可以列。
以今年 被多次考到的表格(動態)為舉例學生們會錯誤的以為,我只需要通過數據支持分別把六個國家在廢物排放量上的變化趨勢羅列一下就可以了,其實這也是為什麼你作文分數不高的原因之一。所以在寫之前應該自習的想好對比點都有哪些:分析:對比點changing pattern: 5個國家是呈上升趨勢,只有korea呈下降趨勢
changing level:ireland 呈最急劇變化,(8倍變化)儘管1980年有最小的數值。相比於portugal呈現最緩慢變化,但是到2000 它跟ireland一樣具有最小的數值三年最大:US總值:上升儘管korea下降
雅思寫作最忌諱的就是路子不對,堆難詞,拐彎抹角的寫句子,還有思路上的大搞玄學,瞬間擊潰洋大人。我帶學生寫作從來不練習翻譯,不背單詞,不記模板。中學生的辭彙照樣上寫作6.5+,關鍵是寫對,貼一張最新的vip學員的成績
小作文忌機械的羅列數據,不要記流水賬;大作文一定要切題,要論證嚴謹,單純的用所謂的高端辭彙和複雜句型基本上沒有用
多研究高分範文,短期內想要提升只能模仿範文多寫多練,不過5.5分基本上不要指望能提高到7分,能到6.5就已經很不錯了8.12是我第一次考雅思,查到分數以後,最滿意的就是作文成績了。
很多大神,作文分數有很高的,我在此談方法技巧實在是班門弄斧。因此,只想回顧一下我怎麼考到6的。
跟很多考雅思短期內想出國的小夥伴一樣,在有限的時間裡面,我的總分目標是6.5,當然考到7最好。那麼最可行的辦法就是聽力閱讀考6.5分,作文和口語壓最低標準6分。時間是有限的,材料是很多的,我很難短期內提升自己的硬實力,那麼怎麼發揮得更好才是重點。
在2017年上半年我報名參加了某某道的1對10人6.5分班的雅思課程,上萬元的課程效果只能說是差強人意。就作文來說,我不是很喜歡聽老師們說作文就是靠積累,於是把課程重點放在運用高難度單詞上。在有限的時間裡你應該教我的是我怎麼在現有水平上更好的拿分。我相信老師水平都不錯,但是我更想學到的是我怎麼寫作文而不是怎麼翻譯句子。我最大的不滿意就是我並沒有從老師的授課中弄明白兩個問題:1.小作文怎麼分析數據2.大作文怎麼行文。
先說大作文。我在跟班課的時候只知道怎麼按部就班地改寫第一段。一到主體段落就不知道怎麼去展開,於是只好生硬地套用各種作文話題。結果就是,寫出來的作文感覺是散開的和單薄的,沒有重點沒有核心,跟範文的著力點也有很大的差異。一直到上完班課,我都沒有能脫離老師的中文提示寫出來文章。小作文的情況就更差,十幾天上課留在我腦子裡的就只有同義轉換改寫第一段。老師沒有講怎樣進行數據分析,那些圖表,尤其是柱圖、折線圖和一大堆餅圖就是要我寫中文我也不知道怎麼寫呀。
如果你和我也有過一樣的焦慮,那說明我們都沒有做好「審題」的工作,而審題正確就是6分的保證,可以說,成功一大半了。
大作文在開始準備的時候要根據寫法來分類:觀點型、討論型、解釋和混合。最重要的是利弊、同不同意和討論雙邊觀點三個。我在上網課的時候做了比較詳細的筆記,跟著課程進度進行仿寫和比較,基本上了解了每一種類型的作文的行文套路(比如說,利弊型作文選擇持方的原則是弊端可不可以被消除或轉化,所以重點是點名弊端可以被消除或是不能消除)。這是第一步,審這個作文是哪一大類的,我大概要寫什麼。先把架子搭起來,在慢慢填東西進去。第二步,也就是最重要的,就是審這道題的關鍵詞,弄明白題目要我們比較的對象是什麼,思考這兩者可不可以比較,要不要分類的一系列問題。差不多花個7或8分鐘,就有點寫的衝動了。小作文也是一樣的,抓住首末狀態,根據不同趨勢來寫就能很清晰,不會把自己繞進去了。
在寫文章的時候還要注意一些小細節,比如格式問題和縮寫問題,千萬別讓考官覺得「本事不大,毛病不少」哈哈。
我覺得這種學習方式最有價值的地方就是「用戶友好」,不管是處在什麼樣的英語水平都能有所獲益。我剛上手的時候,英語水平有點捉急。我完全沒有寫作辭彙,有害就是do harm,不好就是bad,可以說是非常的low了。到我考試也只記住了一些高頻單詞,都沒有什麼時間去按話題準備辭彙和句子。就是這樣語言貧乏,憑藉好的審題思維和積累的素材也可以拿到合格的分數,從動不了筆到寫作入門可以說小有進步了。現在回過頭再聽當時報名的網課和複習班課的筆記,感覺在審題清晰了以後語言和邏輯也變得豐富了許多。這一個系列的課程搭好了寫作的骨架,現在我要做的就是讓自己更加熟練、積累的素材更多,讓作文的血肉更豐滿。如果時間不充裕,至少也能得到好看的分數。無論是什麼樣的能力層面,都能有所增長,這是最棒的。
6分,真的只是說雅思寫作的「潛」規則了解一點點了,能把文章寫的自圓其說。在此要感謝 @八塊腹肌 的幫助,領我進門哈哈哈
反正這是最快的了,轉變認知就能更好地發揮。想要更好的分數就要在此基礎上多多積累了。
//二戰到7,開心分手。
唯一遺憾就是閱讀滑鐵盧,anyway,開心。本人只有寫作6分,但是我從寫作5.5到6分只用了兩天時間(真的是兩天,因為實在是懶得寫,後來都要放棄了),第一天背小作文模板,第二天背大作文模板,小作文模板和大作文模板全是從腹肌哥那來的,我覺得如果真的是懶得準備或者對寫作毫無頭緒,考場上不背模板很難寫出來的,但是背模板不要背太大眾的,所以那時候用了不多人知道的 @八塊腹肌 的模板 ,而且我加了他的群,那時候記得大概十幾個8.19考試的,在考前臨時抱佛腳感覺很有趣(大概當時自我放棄了吧哈哈哈)
只是個人經驗眾大神輕噴
謝邀。
作為一個在機構內的出國留學培訓老師,很多的學生出現過類似的問題,而且長久下來沒有辦法解決。首先,中國學生要想在雅思寫作方面拿到5.5分,其實非常簡單。大學四六級的成績就足夠了,能寫出來比較靠譜的句子,整體思路不出現太大偏差,基本上沒什麼問題,但是想要突破5.5達到6分,那就是另外一回事了,評分標準會卡的很嚴格,也不會姑息candidates在寫作中出現的邏輯問題和表達問題。話題回到5年前,那時候的考生會從網上搜到很多模板性質的素材,整句整段的套用,不用動腦子,同義詞替換成高大上的,key words填進固定的句型中,不僅網路上充斥著類似的東西,很多機構的培訓老師們也是這樣做的,給模板,成了很多人最初學雅思寫作的第一步。只想說,考官不瞎,他一眼就能看出來,模板之類的作文,不可能超過5.5.再來說評分標準。雅思考試當中的四項評分標準,任務完成度, 是看你寫的內容是否符合題目的主題。邏輯連貫度,是看你的論述和舉例與主題是否相關聯。接下來,辭彙和語法。並不是看你的語法有多複雜辭彙多高級,而是,地道!所謂地道,和上面的評分標準結合起來,就是體現在這樣兩個方面——整體思路,還有表達方式。像西方人一樣思考問題,像西方的學術寫作那樣去表達觀點,保證自己寫出來的東西和老外寫出來的東西有很多共鳴,你就贏了。
很多人,在國內是沒辦法做到這一點的,出了國,每天浸淫在西方文化中,久而久之就形成了西方的思路和表達。
但是Po主既然時間這麼緊張,那麼準備思路可能就要變化一下了,網上有很多的預測課程。比如我的好友,牛津大學畢業的鄭慶利老師,每個月會在網上開一期作文的技巧課程,短時間內灌輸真正的西方思路,並附贈一部分預測課程,詳細說話題,說題目,說思路,說表達,到目前來看,預測準確率是100%的,大概說起來就能讓自己的文章不至於在考場上出現很大問題。
希望Po主早日屠鴨!語法問題屬於英語基礎問題,多閱讀別人的文章,重點關注別人文章涉及到語法的句子。學些他人的寫作方法,對你會有些幫助。至於邏輯問題,如果你離考試很近了,推薦你看看國外高分範文,從範文里學習思路和結構,他們的觀點相對更有邏輯性,可參考性更強。你可以看看這篇專欄文章:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21889265?refer=51xiaochu
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