美國南北戰爭時期歐洲各國為什麼沒有進行干涉？

01-04

19世紀美國從俄國墨西哥及各殖民地手中獲得大量領土，各方面實力都在飛速增長，這點歐洲各國也都應該是有目共睹的。面對美國內戰爆發這麼好的一個機會，並且北方實力明顯高於南方實力的情況下，為什麼沒有所行動抑制美國？錯過這千載難逢的機會？
對於當時的日不落帝國來說真的僅僅是因為民意（英國工人階級同情工業化的北方）這一點而做出以如今來看完全不算明智的決策的么？其他歐洲國家呢？

其實是有部分干涉的，但是並沒有達到軍事援助和干涉的地步。

英國當時在進行第二次議會改革和愛爾蘭獨立運動，考慮到加拿大殖民地的穩定和美國南方棉花種植產地的安全，政策要求為暗中扶持南方。

法國當時剛佔領墨西哥，雖與英國處於蜜月期，但與北方聯邦達成默契，不干涉內戰以維持對墨西哥統治的穩定，政策要求為暗中扶持南方（墨西哥領土安全）。

俄國於1862 年 10 月拒絕了英法聯合干涉美國內戰的提議，表達對北方聯邦和林肯的支持。

最後由於北方是歐洲重要的小麥出口基地，加上英國之後遭遇糧食短缺，不得不進行政策轉換，停止對南方的支持。

Though the Confederacy hoped that Britain and France would join them against the Union, this was never likely, and so they instead tried to bring Britain and France in as mediators. The Union, under Lincoln and Secretary of State William H. Seward worked to block this, and threatened war if any country officially recognized the existence of the Confederate States of America. In 1861, Southerners voluntarily embargoed cotton shipments, hoping to start an economic depression in Europe that would force Britain to enter the war to get cotton, but this did not work. Worse, Europe developed other cotton suppliers, which they found superior, hindering the South"s recovery after the war
Cotton diplomacy proved a failure as Europe had a surplus of cotton, while the 1860–62 crop failures in Europe made the North"s grain exports of critical importance. It also helped to turn European opinion further away from the Confederacy. It was said that "King Corn was more powerful than King Cotton", as U.S. grain went from a quarter of the British import trade to almost half. When Britain did face a cotton shortage, it was temporary, being replaced by increased cultivation in Egypt and India. Meanwhile, the war created employment for arms makers, ironworkers, and British ships to transport weapons
Lincoln"s foreign policy was deficient in 1861 in terms of appealing to European public opinion. Diplomats had to explain that United States was not committed to the ending of slavery, but instead they repeated legalistic arguments about the unconstitutionality of secession. Confederate spokesman, on the other hand, were much more successful by ignoring slavery and instead focusing on their struggle for liberty, their commitment to free trade, and the essential role of cotton in the European economy. In addition, the European aristocracy (the dominant factor in every major country) was "absolutely gleeful in pronouncing the American debacle as proof that the entire experiment in popular government had failed. European government leaders welcomed the fragmentation of the ascendant American Republic.」
U.S. minister to Britain Charles Francis Adams proved particularly adept and convinced Britain not to boldly challenge the blockade. The Confederacy purchased several warships from commercial shipbuilders in Britain (ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Alabama">CSS Alabama, ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Shenandoah">CSS Shenandoah, ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Tennessee_(1863)">CSS Tennessee, ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Tallahassee">CSS Tallahassee, ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Florida">CSS Florida, and some others). The most famous, the ref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSS_Alabama">CSS Alabama, did considerable damage and led to serious postwar disputes. However, public opinion against slavery created a political liability for politicians in Britain, where the antislavery movement was powerful.

War loomed in late 1861 between the U.S. and Britain over the Trent affair, involving the U.S. Navy"s boarding of the British ship Trent and seizure of two Confederate diplomats. However, London and Washington were able to smooth over the problem after Lincoln released the two. In 1862, the British considered mediation between North and South– though even such an offer would have risked war with the U.S. British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston reportedly read Uncle Tom"s Cabin three times when deciding on this
The Union victory in the Battle of Antietam caused them to delay this decision. The Emancipation Proclamation over time would reinforce the political liability of supporting the Confederacy. Despite sympathy for the Confederacy, France"s own seizure of Mexico ultimately deterred them from war with the Union. Confederate offers late in the war to end slavery in return for diplomatic recognition were not seriously considered by London or Paris. After 1863, the Polish revolt against Russia further distracted the European powers, and ensured that they would remain neutral

跑個題。。

南北戰爭是1861-1865年

克里米亞戰爭是1853-1855年

印度民族大起義是1857-1859年

普法戰爭是1870年才打起來

二鴉是1860年就結束了

普丹戰爭倒是19864年開打，不過普魯士並沒有干涉海外事物的能力，而且1864年的時候形式明顯偏袒北方。

哦對了，法越戰爭是1862年結束的

大概是能夠進行海外干涉的列強要麼主要重心都放在歐洲大陸上，要麼是剛打完議會還暫時不批准軍事行動，要麼是還在打著別的戰爭。

不過正如上面答案說的，暗地支持還是有的

加拿大在南北戰爭時期實際上是傾向於幫助南方的，當然那時候還是大英帝國。

英國想干涉，然而南軍一直沒有像樣的勝利，無法真正大規模支持。

記得當年看過一個內戰時期世界軍力排名，USA第一，CSA第二

南北戰爭和國共內戰有這樣幾個相似之處：第一都是南邊先發動的;第二都是南邊希望外國干涉或者援助;第三都是南邊的敗了！