英語聽力聽三遍才能聽懂 如何練習才能一次聽懂?
謝邀！
題主你聽了3次才聽懂，那你聽第4次的時候，肯定是一遍就懂了。
經歷足夠量的第4次才1遍懂，你才可以慢慢達到第3遍就懂，第2遍就懂，第1遍就懂。
至於這個量，我個人認為，怎麼都不嫌多！
為何英語聽力不能一遍聽懂？其實這個問題沒有前提很難回答。因為材料的難易程度不同，有的材料你能一遍聽懂，有的材料聽100遍你也聽不懂。影響聽力難度的因素有主觀原因，比如你當時的睡眠狀況，你的注意力集中度，以及你有多麼迫切想聽懂的心情。還有客觀原因就是你目前的聽力水平，其中包括辭彙認知能力、句子結構複雜程度、慣用搭配掌握程度、除了聽力水平外，對背景的了解程度也會影響你的是否能一遍聽懂。
首先分析的時候排除材料難易程度的因素，如果要我聽慢速VOA，我一遍就聽懂了，但也未必是逐字聽懂。其實很多人覺得自己聽懂了，如果問確切的正確率，他會說80%以上，你讓他複述出來或者聽寫出來，最終發現正確率可能是50%，每個人都有美化自己的傾向，這毫不奇怪，因為即使沒有把每個辭彙都弄懂，每個句子都完全分析明白，也不妨礙對意思的理解，這也算是「聽懂」了。
再次排除主觀因素，排除這個因素的原因是作為他人無法幫你分析或者解決，這純粹是你個人的事情，所以早睡早起，每天養成良好的學習習慣是很重要的。
然後我拿一個例子來分析下，導致不能一遍聽懂的原因（備註：以下分析文本選自2016年3月21日BBC新聞聽力原文）。然後再分析下，為何有些內容，看起來也比較複雜，而一遍也能聽懂的原因。雖然這些原因都非常有個人特點，但是未必不能起到一個啟示的作用。
辭彙及搭配問題
The United
States has responded with a call to Pyongyang torefrain from raising
tensions in the region. Steve Evans reports from Seoul. 「The past two months
has seen escalating actions and reactions following North Korea"s testing of a
nuclear device on January 6. The United Nations imposed tougher sanctions on
the defiant regime in Pyongyang. It in turn has launched missiles
culminating in the latest launch. It"s hard to see whether series
of tit for tat acts ends. North Korea has threatened another nuclear test.」
發現出現最多的就是這類因素，這說明辭彙積累是一個長期的任務，而這個任務的完成通過背誦是無法實現的。最好的辦法就是大量閱讀，再輔以有意識的記憶。這種有意識的記憶不是背誦，因為refrain, defiant, culminating我都背誦過，給我時間我也能勉強想起意思，但是無法在短暫的聽力過程中快速提取，如果要想達到快速提取，大量的閱讀是必不可少的，有種說法是，一個詞語，至少遇到6次以上才能比較熟悉，而在腦子裡「脫口而出」，我覺得6遍可能還不夠。
名詞性從句做主語，句子過於複雜，意義區間過長
「Turkey"s
offer to end uncontrolled migration by accepting refugees who were sent back
from the Greek islands is of course a good
opportunity to put the people traffickers out of business. However, this must
of course be done on a very clear legal basis. We have agreed to assure that
every migrant living on the islands will have an individual hearing.」
Turkey』s這個句子的結構，其實非常簡單，就是主系表結構，如果大家略有語法基礎，肯定不難分析這個句子（主幹：劃線部分is a
opportunity）。然而，句子結構簡單不代表這個句子就容易理解，因為劃分下句子結構你就知道其主語過長，主語裡面的內容又有若干分支，實在不容易馬上理解其意思。而主幹部分之前之後又嵌套過多，進一步產生理解障礙。
慣用搭配及辭彙
Police in Brazil have fired teargas and stun grenades to keep
protesters away from the headquarters of President Dilma Rousseff. Thousands of
people demanding her regeneration rallied in the capital
Brasília. They』ve accused President Rousseff and her Worker"s Party of
corruption. Julia Carneiro was at the demonstration. 「For the second
night in a row, around 5000 people are gathered here outside the
parliament building. There are very noisy crowd. They"re jumping up and down, chanting,
honking horns. They brought firecrackers and a massive
inflatable doll that depicts former president Lula as a
prisoner. Earlier here in the lower house, the first step to decide on the
impeachment proceedings President Dilma Rousseff is facing was taken. This is
another major development in what feels like a big political intrigue
here in Brazil.」
Stun這個詞看起來是小詞，可是英語中這種小詞千千萬萬，相信大家都背誦過，然而遇到了還是不知道到底為何意。Stun grenades就是投擲手榴彈的意思，如果經常聽這種文章，當然就比較熟悉，而沒聽過的情況下，只能望洋興嘆了，所以加大輸入是唯一的解決方式。For the second
in a row我也知道in a row 是表示連續，可是那是在時間充分的情況下，如果短暫的一遍聽，可能就跳過去了而渾然不知其意，這也明顯是因為不夠熟悉的緣故。Chant，honk horns等動詞以及動詞搭配，看似簡單，其實最難解決，因為這部分是活的，實際情況是變化的，所以需要加大輸入。充氣娃娃用英語怎麼說？就是inflatable
doll,這個我因為沒聽過，所以不知道，顯然輸入不到位。Depicts表示描繪的意思是背誦過的，可是並不是我的積極辭彙，所以在句子中的意思仍然無法瞬間反應過來。Intrigue是一個大詞，這種辭彙要遇到6遍以上，才有可能成為積極辭彙，隨時能從大腦中調用出來。
辭彙問題
Mr. Musharraf
faces trial on serval charges including treason for imposing
emergency rule in 2007. He stepped down a year later following riots by the
opposition to his rule. World news from the BBC.
treason是叛國罪，這種辭彙以前都背誦過，可是還是不解其意，所以背誦不是學習的好方法，加大輸入聽寫和閱讀才是能解決問題的辦法。
聽辨音問題
The draft
which was submitted by the government of Michelle Bachelet needs
to be approved by the senate if itis to become law.
The US military says it has disciplined more than ten personnel
who were involved in last year"s air strike on a hospital in Afghanistan which
killed 42 people.
即便我堅持每天聽寫和精聽兩年多，可是依然存在有的單詞聽錯，或者真的聽不出來的情況，所以說聽力是沒有止境的練習，必須每天都堅持。而我將discipline聽成displace，多半原因是我經常遇到displace這個詞，一般被炸了，難民肯定會流離失所，所以潛意識就將discipline聽成了displace了。
「The two patients are being cared for at a
treatment center in the south of the country close to where the worst Ebola
outbreak in history was first identified two years ago. It"s understood three
members of their family had recently died after showing symptoms of Ebola. The
government says their village is now on lockdown and vaccines have been taken
to the area to try and protect those at risk. The World Health Organization has
warned sporadic cases of Ebola are likely to reemerge
as the virus can linger on in body fluids of some survivors.」
sporadic零星偶發，雖然背誦過，但是在實際聽力過程中，無法辨識出來。Reemerge我相信在閱讀過程中，大家都能根據詞根推測出這個詞的意思是重現之意，可是在聽力過程中，音已經發生了變化，聽不出來也是司空見慣的。Linger on in
body fluids聽不出這種搭配，這是對病毒相關知識了解不多，缺乏背景導致的。辭彙不認識，辭彙搭配不熟，熟詞生意，背景知識缺乏
The authorities in Chili say 14 people have been rescued from two rafts in the Pacific
Ocean bringing to an end to their attempt to emulate theKon-Tiki
expedition of 1947. The Kon-Tiki Ⅱ adventure
began in Peru in November with the rafts reaching Chili"s east island in 43
days. But after setting so on the return journey in January, the rafts were
pulled off course by strong currents. BBC news.
Emulate是模仿的意思，這個可能以前都沒有記下來，所以聽不出來是正常的。Kon-Tiki expedition
of 1947這個我們中國人不了解也實屬正常。Pull off course辭彙搭配不熟。Current一般是指流動，而這裡是指洋流，熟詞生意。
下面分析為何有些內容，看似複雜卻可以一遍聽懂：
背景知識非常熟悉
European Union leaders are due to meet the Turkish Prime Minster Ahmet Davutoglu
in Brussels at a few hours" time to discuss proposals aimed at easing the
refugee crisis. Under the proposed plan, migrants arriving in Greece from Turkey
will be sent back in exchange for financial aid and visa free access to Europe
for Turks. The German Chancellor Angle Merkel spoke after the meeting of European
leaders in Brussels.
前一天聽過相關報道
Pakistan"s former military ruler Pervez Musharraf has left the country for medical
treatment in Dubai after the government lifted a travel ban imposed on him in
2013.
前一天聽過相關報道
The lower house of congress in Chili has approved proposal that lifts a ban on abortion
in cases of rape or where there is a serious health risk to the mother or when
the fetus is no longer considered viable.
前一天聽過相關報道
Two people have tested positive for Ebola in Guinea almost three months after the
outbreak in the country was declared over. The new cases were reported hours
after the World Health Organization declared the latest Ebola flare-out to be
over in neighboring Sierra Leone. Tulip Mazumdar reports.
總結下，辭彙問題，語法結構，背景知識，慣用搭配，等導致了我們不能一遍聽懂。但是絕不是去找一本辭彙，語法或者搭配詞典背誦就能解決問題的。唯一的解決方案是，長期的積累，想想自己的母語是怎麼學習的，多看原版書，每天堅持精聽練習，長此以往，這種情況會越來越少。
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