有必要認認真真的系統學習語法嗎?
聽說漢語語法很難,但是我從小到大沒專門學過漢語語法,說得不一樣溜?英語語法是否不需要專門學習,多聽多讀即可?
謝邀。
當然是有必要參照英語文語法, 搭配至少多讀多聽, 來學英語文。
「搭配至少多讀多聽」 -- 語文的有效率學習是跟使用分不開, 學習更是為了使用。 被動性的讀跟聽, 以及主動性的說跟寫, 皆為用。其中, 讀跟聽, 是自己一個人就可以大量做的。因為, 英語語法, 是對於英語文的規律, 作系統性且提綱挈領的整理,
是學習英語文的執簡馭繁的工具, 幫忙快速掌握英語文規律的工具。當然有必要拿語法來搭配多聽多讀, 來學習英語文, 來使用英語文。要不然, 您自己還是會要將讀聽時所碰上同類的東西作分類整理,
而且更是在您本身沒有語言學系統概念的情況之下, 自己摸索整理。那會是事倍功半而且左支右絀。而漢語, 您的家鄉話或普通話, 是您從小在那語言的環境當中,
在有同樣的語詞語句不斷重複的聽跟使用當中, 在您的語文思維尚未被其它使用十幾年甚或幾十年的語言慣性來固定之前, 在不斷行其然, 且往往會是不知其所以然當中, 自然獲得。這跟您成年之後, 固定使用普通話且或您的家鄉話
十幾年或幾十年之後, 在沒有英語文環境當中學英語文,不同。之前有相關問題我做了答覆, 我將連結附在這裡做為補充→ 怎樣學好英語語法? - 英語學習→ 如何踏實提高自己的英語水平? - 英語學習謝謝@譚樊馬克邀請,母語一般是不需要刻意學習語法的,但對於外語(尤其是語法比較規則化的西方語言),學好語法是掌握一系列句子的最快方式。
當然要了...
1. 不然看不了小說
下面是Absalom, Absalom! 中的一句:
Just exactly like Father if Father had known as much about it the night before I went out there as he did the day after I came back thinking Mad impotent old man who realised at last that there must be some limit even to the capabilities of a demon for doing harm, who must have seen his situation as that o f the show girl, the pony, who realises that the principal tune she prances to comes not from horn and fiddle and drum but from a clock and calendar, must have seen himself as the old wornout cannon which realises that it can deliver just one more fierce shot and crumble to dust in its own furious blast and recoil, who looked about upon the scene which was still within his scope and compass and saw son gone, vanished, more insuperable to him now than if the son were dead since now (if the son still lived) his name would be different and those to call him by it strangers and whatever dragon"s outcropping of Sutpen blood the son might sow on the body o f whatever strange woman would therefore carry on the tradition, accomplish the hereditary evil and harm under another name and upon and among people who will never have heard the right one; daughter doomed to spinsterhood who had chosen spinsterhood already before there was anyone named Charles Bon since the aunt who came to succor her in bereavement and sorrow found neither but instead that calm absolutely impenetrable face between a homespun dress and sunbonnet seen before a closed door and again in a cloudy swirl of chickens while Jones was building the coffin and which she wore during the next year while the aunt lived there and the three women wove their own garments and raised their own food and cut the wood they cooked it with (excusing what help they had from Jones who lived with his granddaughter in the abandoned fishing camp with its collapsing roof and rotting porch against which the rusty scythe which Sutpen was to lend him, make him borrow to cut away the weeds from the door-and at last forced him to use though not to cut weeds, at least not vegetable weeds -would lean for two years) and wore still after the aunt"s indignation had swept her back to town to live on stolen garden truck and out o f anonymous baskets left on her front steps at night, the three of them, the two daughters negro and white and the aunt twelve miles away watching from her distance as the two daughters watched from theirs the old demon, the ancient varicose and despairing Faustus fling his final main now with the Creditor"s hand already on his shoulder, running his little country store now for his bread and meat, haggling tediously over nickels and dimes with rapacious and poverty-stricken whites and negroes, who at one time could have galloped for ten miles in any direction without crossing his own boundary, using out of his meagre stock the cheap ribbons and beads and the stale violently-colored candy with which even an old man can seduce a fifteen-year-old country girl, to ruin the granddaughter o f his partner, this Jones-this gangling malaria-ridden white man whom he had given permission fourteen years ago to squat in the abandoned fishing camp with the year-old grandchild-Jones, partner porter and clerk who at the demon"s command removed with his own hand (and maybe delivered too) from the showcase the candy beads and ribbons, measured the very cloth from which Judith (who had not been bereaved and did not mourn) helped the granddaughter to fashion a dress to walk past the lounging men in, the side-looking and the tongues, until her increasing belly taught her embarrassment-or perhaps fear;-Jones who before "61 had not even been allowed to approach the front of the house and who during the next four years got no nearer than the kitchen door and that only when he brought the game and fish and vegetables on which the seducer-to-be"s wife and daughter (and Clytie too, the one remaining servant, negro, the one who would forbid him to pass the kitchen door with what he brought) depended on to keep life in them, but who now entered the house itself on the (quite frequent now) afternoons when the demon would suddenly curse the store empty of customers and lock the door and repair to the rear and in the same tone in which he used to address his orderly or even his house servants when he had them (and in which he doubtless ordered Jones to fetch from the showcase the ribbons and beads and candy) direct Jones to fetch the jug, the two of them (and Jones even sitting now who in the old days, the old dead Sunday afternoons of monotonous peace which they spent beneath the scuppernong arbor in the back yard, the demon lying in the hammock while Jones squatted against a post, rising from time to time to pour for the demon from the demijohn and the bucket of spring water which he had fetched from the spring more than a mile away then squatting again, chortling and chuckling and saying `Sho, Mister Tawm" each time the demon paused)-the two of them drinking turn and turn about from the jug and the demon not lying down now nor even sitting but reaching after the third or second drink that old man"s state of impotent and furious undefeat in which he would rise, swaying and plunging and shouting for his horse and pistols to ride single-handed into Washington and shoot Lincoln (a year or so too late here) and Sherman both, shouting, "Kill them! Shoot them down like the dogs they are!" and Jones: "Sho, Kernel; sho now" and catching him as he fell and commandeering the first passing wagon to take him to the house and carry him up the front steps and through the paintless formal door beneath its fanlight imported pane by pane from Europe which Judith held open for him to enter with no change, no alteration in that calm frozen face which she had worn for four years now, and on up the stairs and into the bedroom and put him to bed like a baby and then lie down himself on the floor beside the bed though not to sleep since before dawn the man on the bed would stir and groan and Jones would say, "flyer I am, Kernel. Hit"s all right. They aint whupped us yit, air they?" this Jones who after the demon rode away with the regiment when the granddaughter was only eight years old would tell people that he "was lookin after Major"s place and niggers" even before they had time to ask him why he was not with the troops and perhaps in time came to believe the lie himself, who was among the first to greet the demon when he returned, to meet him at the gate and say, "Well, Kernel, they kilt us but they aint whupped us yit, air they?" who even worked, labored, sweat at the demon"s behest during that first furious period while the demon believed he could restore by sheer indomitable willing the Sutpen"s Hundred which he remembered and had lost, labored with no hope of pay or reward who must have seen long before the demon did (or would admit it) that the task was hopeless-blind Jones who apparently saw still in that furious lecherous wreck the old fine figure of the man who once galloped on the black thoroughbred about that domain two boundaries of which the eye could not see from any point.2. 又或者犯了法都不知道:
The Manager undertakes that for a period of 24 months after the termination of this Agreement, he shall not attempt in any manner (i) to solicit, to try to solicit or to accept from any person or entity with whom the Company or its affiliates in the PRC, the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao, and Taiwan had within the previous 12 months, has or proposes to have any contractual and/or commercial relationship as a customer, supplier, consultant or contractor of whatsoever nature, existing or under negotiation on or prior to the effective date of termination of his employment (the "Partner") or perform any act, directly or indirectly, which may, will or is calculated to interfere, reduce or cease in any way with the relationship between the Partner and the Company and/or its affiliates in the PRC, the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao, and Taiwan; or (ii) to have any direct or indirect business dealings with any such Partner or directly or indirectly approach such Person with a view to business dealings.只是你小學時候學的時候沒告訴你這是語法而已==、
比如「雖然……但是……」,「即使……也……」,「與其……不如……」怎麼?比如雙重否定、反問、設問?
比如成語、俗語、諺語、歇後語如何使用?比如直接引用、間接引用標點怎麼點?比如怎麼區分的、得、地?比如如何使用量詞?如何使用否定副詞來表示全部否定,部分否定?另外題主中文也不見得這麼溜吧?這句話不應該是「聽說漢語語法很難,但是,我雖然從小到大沒專門學過漢語語法,漢語不說得一樣溜兒?是否不需要專門學習英語語法,多聽多讀即可。」?前一句,「但是」只能表示第一分句和後兩個分句的轉折關係,不能表示後兩個分句的讓步關係。同時,「漢語語法」不能充當「不說得一樣溜兒」的主題。聽說漢語語法很難,但是我從小到大沒專門學過漢語語法,說得不一樣溜?英語語法是否不需要專門學習,多聽多讀即可?
後一句「英語語法是否不需要專門學習」是可以的,但是不能接「多聽多讀即可」。要接後半句,需要把「英語語法」挪到賓語位置,當作省略主題「我」來理解。英語語法不能充當多聽多讀的主題。
畢業於魔都最好(*)英語系的來答一個。
我的兩位外教,都是米國年青人。
男的,凡遇學生問"為什麼應該是這個詞?"無論是否語法相關,他都咧嘴笑曰「I don"t know. I just feel it should be the word.」
女的,細心耐心,然而遇到語法問題,常苦笑曰:"You know what? Miserably, your grammar knowledge has been better than many Americans"."
我有位60後老師說過,她們當時作學生(也是在我校英語系)的時候,感覺自己語法都挺好的,聽說讀寫譯都流暢,但是大三那年上了老教授的語法課,幾乎所有人的腦子都糊塗了。
我的70後語法課老師(又是我校繁殖的…),是留校老師中學術水準最差的(走政工幹部路線留校),我們精讀、泛讀、CECL老師(無論副教授還是講師)一不高興了就在走廊里拿他出氣,他上課時委曲得不得了,「你們給她們作業上的語法錯了,她們就問我,說我怎麼教的?」
她們終於出了一口十年前的惡氣吧,我在想。對了,80後的小朋友,基本都是看著她們幾位翻譯的動畫片長大的。
我的經驗也是,只要輸入和輸出的量保持均衡(陸谷孫教授認為比例應在100:1,我認為50:1最好),語法學習就如鹽入水,完全無需專門留意。
(*)見仁見智啊,至少三四所學校鉚著呢。
如果你以後準備用法語義大利語日語搵食而且英語對你不重要的話,是的。不過你還是需要去學習法語義大利語和日語的語法。聽說漢語語法很難,但是我從小到大沒專門學過漢語語法,說得不一樣溜?英語語法是否不需要專門學習,多聽多讀即可?
1.學習傳統語法容易讓人睡覺,那是歐洲學校一百年前的教學方法了。2.漢語的語法很難且很難描述,我們老師說,即使是目前最有解釋力的系統功能語法也沒法完全解釋漢語的語法。3.如果是交際,可以不認真學。如果是要書面和閱讀,特別是前者,一定要好好學英語語法,否則會顯得你沒上過學,別人也看不懂。4.關於漢語語法,還是多閱讀好,漢語講求詞序和搭配,這個無定型,需要培養感覺和大量輸入。
目的不一樣,過程方法當然不一樣啦~
小女大二,英語基礎還算不錯。
寒假正在複習語法,參考書,張道真,外研社,實用英語語法。厚厚一本,吐血價只要人民幣8塊!(好好利用學校圖書館和二手書店的重要性~
其實主要還是當工具書來使用,讓自己心裡有一個目錄的存在。外加各種視頻電子資料,有需要可以分享喲~
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貴在堅持!!!看題主提了這個問題,建議首先還是確立正確的英語學習觀吧,在知乎上看看各類英語學習的回答,心裡有個數,然後好好加油
不知道你是屬於什麼階段,初學興趣為主導,注重聽說,自然對辭彙語法需求就上來咯,自己有需求就會琢磨著怎麼進步,語言這回事呢,最重要的就是用心啦~
有心了,很多事情自然會有辦法。
後期閱讀寫作都是日積月累的,慢慢來。個人體會,如果是高中,好好鑽研課本和新概念,考試完後,好好研究完形填空和閱讀理解。放眼全局,勤查字典!
大學的話,渠道就多了去了,看你的興趣在哪裡,知乎上的好回答太多了,我就不一一贅述。
在知乎看過許多關於學習的回答,作為一個不完美就拖延症患者,漸漸意識到,學習初期不要在乎那麼多細節,入手一本還算不錯的書,立即行動就是了。學著學著你就會知道什麼是好的,找到學習的方向了。初學者往往浪費太多的時間精力在開始的時候,卻堅持不到柳暗花明的那一天。多少人死在昨天晚上…
重點,認清目標,學會提問,自己找解決辦法。
路是自己走出來的。首先說明一點,語法不是無師自通的,只靠聽說讀,不系統學習難以掌握語法。漢語語法結構相對鬆散,而且漢語作為我們的母語,語言環境上的優勢是我們學習英語時所不具備的,而且我相信題主從小到大,至少有一次被語文老師在作文上批「有語病」吧。具體關於要不要系統學,先做一個比喻,一個人不管漢字寫得美或者丑,只要大體可以辨認,都不會很大程度的影響讀者對文意的理解,語法也是一樣。 不敢說我很懂得題主的感受吧,但是很長一段時間裡我對英語語法沒有很成型的概念,也不覺得語法有多重要。小學二年級開始報班學英語,純粹因為興趣,只有聽說讀,幾乎沒有寫。 後來中學時開始認識到語法最大的意義就是考試能做對題,開始惡補,每天狂背,效果很明顯,但心裡也跟很多同學一樣:這些題外國人都不一定做對,我們摳得這麼死,有用嗎? 大學裡面有幸參加了一些演講比賽,詢問了一些native作為評委對於選手語法和讀音的評價,他們的說法是:演講也是一種交流,交流中最重要的不是你的口音或者你的語法,而是你的觀點。聽你說話的是人,而不是機器,語法錯誤是可以被聽者辨明和理解的。 而另一方面,語言結構的相似性決定了不同語言之間一些基本的語序和表達是類似的甚至相同的,就比如漢語說我是李明,英語說i"m frank一樣,而這些基本語序和表達的存在決定了即使你按照母語的語法來表達,常見的通用語序和基本表達之外的其他細微錯誤並不會很嚴重地影響到理解。 實際上,連美國人自己都越來越少關注語法,60年代的反文化運動之後語法的重要性一直在淡化,很多人都知道的long time no see就是一個很好的例子。 所以其實對於溝通來說,語法真的不那麼重要。這一點,我贊同樓主。 但是我個人觀點認為,語言是一門藝術,既然是藝術,就如書法一樣,美的程度會影響人們的感受。字寫的醜人們能夠認得,但是卻不會給人帶來很大的美感。 我們現在學習的語法,大都是formal english的語法,條目繁多且規定很死,真正的native speaker在現實生活中也不見得會完全遵守。但是如果能學會,就像練得一手好字一樣,不會明顯得提高溝通的能力,卻能提高語言的藝術性。 我之前買過一本薄冰語法,一直閑置沒有怎麼仔細讀,前一陣複習考研英語作文的時候(非英語專業),翻出來一看,覺得上面的很多例句精妙絕倫,甚至標點符號都是神來之筆,不僅應試很出彩,而且運用到日常書面交流也很裝逼。不知道題主有沒有關注英國女王的演講,每年的聖誕演講內容大同小異,但是語法無不謹遵規範,字字句句都經得起推敲,通篇下來充滿的莊重尊貴的感覺,是奧巴馬的演講所不能比擬的。再看一些知名報刊和雜誌的comment和editorial,語法遵守其實仍舊很嚴格,很多句子都是可以當成語法條目的例句來研習,給人感覺也更能表現作者的深刻。有一篇文章曾經把formal english比做china(瓷器),說we now carry english in paper plates instead of china,我覺得再恰當不過,formal english不是必需,但確是一種美。所以我個人看來,學英語純粹是為了溝通的話,語法其實不必專精,但如果是真的熱愛英語的話,不妨好好學學語法。補充一下,如果題主要應試,還是好好背語法,不然會摔得很慘,作文上語法是絕對的硬傷。
溜不代表英語好,就如同溜不代表中文好,小學生說的也溜呢,你以為人人都是魯迅么。。
我想中文好的時候不太會輕易說出這樣的話,因為一旦牽涉寫作,有些自我要求較高的人會看看語法書,將自己的句子再雕琢下。你不會精益求精,不代表別人不會。
語法這個事,這麼說吧,學外語辭彙和語法是基礎的基礎,想跳過這個把英語學好,你得在英語環境,看過數不清的電視劇電影新聞和書。明明有大路不走你偏偏要走難走的路,真不知道該說什麼。那些說沒怎麼學語法英語就學好了的人,首先他所謂好的標準就值得商榷。比如我們說xx中文好,不是說TA普通話好,而是說TA的口頭和書面表達有思想,有邏輯,清晰精確有文采,而且得懂古文通詩詞,重要的名著古籍得熟吧,參見民國時期的各位大師。不能看點通俗小說,寫文章有點好句子就叫中文好吧。所以,如果是過個啥考試英語離好早著呢。
也就是說,英語學到一定階段,語法關肯定要過的。而且基礎不打牢,以後文章理解有困難。語法上出錯,寫作文那是致命的低級錯誤,理解和表達是會鬧大笑話的。
我現在寫英文日記有的時候都會糾結很多語法問題不確定。
很多人批判天朝的語法教學,你以為大多數人語法就好了么,呵呵呵呵呵呵。重視語法沒錯,只是教學方法有問題。很多老師自身水平有問題,說某個成分只能生硬地說某定義。做題沒問題,語法需要在實踐里練,但是基本概念沒講清楚或者學生沒複習到位記不得再練也沒用。還有很多初高中生都沒有買過語法書,不能反覆看形成一個系統,老師說到哪是哪,記不得也沒法查。所以簡單的語法問題不大,一學從句就死定了。
我因為考研考語言學,語言學裡有語法,包括形態學和句法,反覆看反覆體會,記住基本概念,對閱讀理解幫助極大。
我自己回憶以前學語法那叫個凌亂,學一點忘一點老師複習的次數趕不上我遺忘的速度。光做題不回顧語法書的知識點,學的很零散。放個寒假暑假簡直忘到哪邊去了。上大學,語法書是有了。耐不住老師水平差只會念書。語法書又特別厚,好不容易想看了,簡直要吐血啊,好難看完有沒有。很多作者沒有考慮讀者的需求,很多學校沒有考慮學生的實際水平和努力程度。其實應在有2本,一本主要介紹語法的主要框架和基本概念,一本細節羅列主要用來查詢。框架語法書幾遍到幾十遍不等,要熟到你自己可以畫出結構圖,每個概念你能解釋並舉例。當然這又涉及學校定書是誰定的,有沒有和出版社的利益聯繫,這個誰也不知道。為什麼好書不能作為教材也是個耐人尋味的問題。。
我是之前看奶爸推薦的語法俱樂部,自己去買來看的。大家有需要還是去列印,看語法書pdf就別鬧了。看完我覺得豁然開朗,大師就是水平高。解釋通俗易懂。其實,語法不容易學好的原因首先是書不合適,再就是學習方法,還有老師水平不過關。
講語法對老師的水平要求很高,比如我確實是一個學生,首先I am a student這是個獨立句子,加上that這個引導詞變為that I am a student名詞從句 再變為 That I am a student is true. 通常呢名詞從句當句首會頭重腳輕,所以要用it這個形式主語成為 It is true that I am a student .
但是呢等我學寫作和句法時裡面提到英語是right branching 結構,中文是left branching結構,比如(這個例子不知道合適不合適) He is a doctor who always helps others.但是中文他是個樂於助人的醫生。 值得注意的是,語法俱樂部和語言學裡面提到所謂從句,其實是意思相對於沒有那麼重要的成分。接下來,翻譯里提到英語里重要的總結性的話語放在前面,中文裡一般在後面。那麼既然that I am a student 是不重要的成分,放在後面更好。 後來我又看到話語分析裡面的英語句子的一個原則first is importance,也就是說一般情況下一個人表達一句話放在句首是最重要的信息,是焦點focus所在。
我之前的老師只說到it是形式主語這一層,很多語法書說從句的時說從句起補充說明的作用,但是我也不明白TA們屬於次要。所以說,老師本身沒理解透如何能說透,他們自己只懂表層,我們也就雲里霧裡。這在閱讀理解的作用就是,先找准主句的主語和動詞,這是重要的部分。
還有,語法俱樂部作者邏輯思維好,且英語水平高能融匯貫通。所以講得很活,將句子和句子之間,句子和詞之間,詞與詞的關係說清楚了。他列出規則,還解釋了規則背後的原因,為什麼有這樣的規則,所以才會活學活用。比如書上沒說,但是我自己思考了下為什麼句子首字母要大寫,可能英語標點句號.太小,大寫更能區分句子和句子之間的停頓,引起人注意,→_→我們到下一句了。
語法規則它本身就是為了規範表達,最終是為了清晰有效表達。必須有必要啊,我看了10餘年動漫,有的時候一天聽日語的時間比聽漢語還要長,最後聽力和口語勉強還行了,不還是要從頭開始學習日語的語法,學習日語的使用習慣。既然有時間學一門語言不妨多花一些時間徹底掌握,總歸有用。
必要。能知其所以然。
我覺得吧,學語法是一個捷徑,有助於快速掌握一門語言。多聽多說加上學習語法可以事半功倍。如果單純聽和說的話,口語表達可能不錯,但是筆頭就會差一些了。當然,這個和語種本身的特點也有關係。漢語本身語法並不難,很多時候可以靈活變通,這也是漢語的一個優勢。英語、德語等就不同啦,時態語態詞法變化多,多學語法不會錯。
有語法學是我們的幸運,沒有語法更難,有捷徑不走跟自己過不去啊。
如果真能徹底擺脫中文環境,徹底的,包括頭腦里自言自語的聲音,把自己打成傻子,像嬰兒一樣完完全全從頭來,可以不學英語語法。但不太容易。
題主你老實交代自己從小到大在漢語環境里學漢語到能閱讀一般文學作品沒障礙用了多少年?
我不會告訴你,語法學好了,公務員就更好考。
英語和漢語相比較而言,漢語比較難,漢語博大精深,作為中國人漢語怎麼說也許都不會出現歧義,但是那只是我們的表達,當漢語作為學術上的研究時,卻非常不容易,比如一些病句,還有一些「死胡同」一句話可能有很多的意思,你感覺對,其實在語法上是錯的,而在學習上,英語比較簡單,英語很生動靈活,那我自己的經驗,除非你以後要像研究中文一樣的研究英文,不搞學術研究的話,不用太糾結語法,一般常見的了解就好,語感,表達更重要
在我上高中的時候,周圍的朋友都告訴我,學英語語法不重要!!!
那時的我實在是too young too simple啊~我讀的是英語翻譯專業啊~~
我也曾經安慰自己語法不重要,其實,很重要。現在一直在惡補語法,別跟我說口語,聽力好就可以了,外國人不注重語法。其實你學了語法才能更好地自己書面表達和口頭表達呀。至少,基本語法不要錯!!如果你父母用英文一把屎一把尿把你喂大你的可樂瓶麥片盒子包裝都是英文手機電腦都是英文界面天天看英文報紙英文電視節目你的基友們吐槽的時候用的全是英文大街上掛的都是英文海報見到熟人人家打招呼都用」what"s up dude」而不是「吃了嗎您吶」,估計你也就不用學什麼語法了。
語言是活的,很多人們經常掛在嘴邊的話可能都不符合語法規範,反過來,如果你說的話每一句都很正規,人家肯定就會懷疑你可能是外國人。
但是作為不以英語為母語的大家來說,在找到更適合自己的特殊的方法之前,大部分人還是得遵循「先把薄書讀厚,再把厚書讀薄」的過程。即先扎紮實實地學,之後再談靈活運用。不然即便你以為自己已經會的差不多了,事實上卻還只是一知半解
其他語言同理。推薦閱讀:
※在閱讀長篇英文資料時,覺得每句話都看懂了,但為什麼看完整篇資料之後又覺得不知道到底說的是什麼?
※為什麼中國的國號朝號姓氏幾乎都是單音節,外國的大都是多音節?
※怎麼練習自己的英音發音,除了模仿一些英劇,英式電影,還有別的方法嗎?
※為什麼日本給中國反哺了大量和制漢語,而韓國卻並沒有給中文帶來多少改變?
※為什麼朝鮮半島的語言在某些方面接近吳語?