為什麼墨西哥那麼貧窮？

01-02

謝謝邀請。

首先要說明一下，和亞非很多國家相比，墨西哥不算貧窮，她的人均GDP已經超過了1萬美元，主要問題是貧富差距過大。當然，和美國相比是窮了不少。

墨西哥貧窮的主要原因在於：

（1）它當年獨立時，其宗主國西班牙還處於封建時代，遺留給了墨西哥封建的大地產大礦山經濟基礎（反觀美國，繼承的是英國的資本主義工商業市場經濟基礎）。

（2）墨西哥在隨後的獨立革命，1856年革命和1910年革命期間，都沒能解決好土地改革和釋放農村剩餘勞動力的問題（反觀美國，則在南北戰爭時徹底基本了這個問題）。

（3）加上墨西哥宗教主流是倡導贖罪的天主教（美國則是鼓勵努力和積累財富的清教）。

（4）另外，估計和人種也有關係，（墨西哥是拉丁民族，美國社會主流是英德荷的日耳曼人後裔）等等。

認真回答下這個問題不然對不起自己的時間

以下只代表我的感受且強相關與我個人的經歷和看世界的角度如有不同見解請輕拍

首先我並沒沒覺得墨西哥貧窮可能是由於我生活在墨西哥城的原因還有我的同事他們可能代表了墨西哥的中產或者中低產那麼我了解到的樣本受限

另外我出行的區域會考慮是否安全的問題那麼篩選後的區域可能就更是那些富裕的地方對比出來的結果可能亦有局限

墨城家庭擁有汽車的比例很高我的同事幾乎都有車另外墨西哥汽車價格如BBA約為國內60% 大眾豐田等品牌約為國內75% 二手車在線交易平台很發達線下也很容易可以買到二手車且質量不錯另外這裡的大眾都是15000公里保養一次油價約5人民幣每升

墨城的有costco這樣的倉儲類超市沃爾瑪也很多本土超市品牌oxxo很多分布於各個社區超市大型購物中心電影院設計合理有與其規模相當的停車場

墨西哥城本世紀初就通了地鐵但是地鐵陳舊且覆蓋範圍不夠廣

除了cbd和城市中心有大量高層辦公樓其他區域多見普通多層建築墨城多發地震

房價取決於區域和治安情況其中最核心區域的高檔公寓 15000rmb左右每平米

郊區的高檔公寓11000rmb左右但是小區環境公共設施水平比國內同檔小區高普通別墅 50萬rmb

其他如服裝大品牌價格略低於國內

日常消費品略貴於國內高出20%左右

吃飯小餐館30rmb 有果汁牛排豬排餐後小甜點中檔餐館每人100多能吃到不錯的海鮮牛排等

我所了解的墨西哥城略好於我了解的國內城市如武漢鄭州西安等

發達程度和基礎設施建設遠差於北上廣深但是城市規划水平不遜於國內一線城市

所有醫院去了躺在地上就會有人先救你但是公立醫療效率低下

我所在的行業本地工程師5年工作經驗左右月薪在12000人民幣左右

我了解到的貧困人群如保姆保安等月收入3000rmb左右造成收入低的原因是教育程度

墨西哥有旺盛和發達的消費市場銀行業服務水平也較高

核心問題應該是製造業偏低端另外尖端科技行業缺乏政策引導沒有拳頭成品優勢是作為美國的後院人口眾多人力資源豐富

旅遊業服務水平較高但是北部區域與美國接壤處槍支泛濫毒品交易多

由於是西語國家在和美國的技術流通不暢通很少人講英語講的也不好但是很多人親戚朋友都在美國

貧困和發展不均衡問題是全世界共有的墨西哥是個我們很多人沒去之前覺得槍支泛濫毒品猖獗貧困異常的國家

但是對於我這樣農村出來的孩子對比我的一個墨西哥同事來自墨西哥二線城市父母是老師 84年生人從小父母就有了汽車而且我問了他他小時候的汽車保有量他告訴我他父親的同事在當時有車是普遍情況

相較之後可知我國是在很短的時間實現了財富增長和發展和墨西哥一樣存在很大的貧富差異

由於我們從媒體看到的其他國家充滿了刻板印象

所以當我看到標題說墨西哥為什麼貧困

我第一反應就是客觀告訴你我眼中的墨西哥

因為懶，而且很懶。沒有西班牙的命卻有西班牙的病。

其實我也不清楚為什麼會這樣，但是被人邀請回答不出心中愧疚，因此就有意關注這個問題。今天恰巧看到一篇文章，也許說明了問題的原委：

Anthony Bourdain, Under The Volcano

Under The Volcano
Americans love Mexican food. We consume nachos, tacos, burritos, tortas, enchiladas, tamales and anything resembling Mexican in enormous quantities. We love Mexican beverages, happily knocking back huge amounts of tequila, mezcal and Mexican beer every year. We love Mexican people—as we sure employ a lot of them. Despite our ridiculously hypocritical attitudes towards immigration, we demand that Mexicans cook a large percentage of the food we eat, grow the ingredients we need to make that food, clean our houses, mow our lawns, wash our dishes, look after our children. As any chef will tell you, our entire service economy—the restaurant business as we know it—in most American cities, would collapse overnight without Mexican workers. Some, of course, like to claim that Mexicans are 「stealing American jobs」. But in two decades as a chef and employer, I never had ONE American kid walk in my door and apply for a dishwashing job, a porter』s position—or even a job as prep cook. Mexicans do much of the work in this country that Americans, provably, simply won』t do.
We love Mexican drugs. Maybe not you personally, but 「we」, as a nation, certainly consume titanic amounts of them—and go to extraordinary lengths and expense to acquire them. We love Mexican music, Mexican beaches, Mexican architecture, interior design, Mexican films.
So, why don』t we love Mexico?
We throw up our hands and shrug at what happens and what is happening just across the border. Maybe we are embarrassed. Mexico, after all, has always been there for us, to service our darkest needs and desires. Whether it』s dress up like fools and get pass-out drunk and sun burned on Spring break in Cancun, throw pesos at strippers in Tijuana, or get toasted on Mexican drugs, we are seldom on our best behavior in Mexico. They have seen many of us at our worst. They know our darkest desires.
In the service of our appetites, we spend billions and billions of dollars each year on Mexican drugs—while at the same time spending billions and billions more trying to prevent those drugs from reaching us. The effect on our society is everywhere to be seen. Whether it』s kids nodding off and overdosing in small town Vermont, gang violence in LA, burned out neighborhoods in Detroit— it』s there to see. What we don』t see, however, haven』t really noticed, and don』t seem to much care about, is the 80,000 dead—mostly innocent victims in Mexico, just in the past few years. 80,000 dead. 80,000 families who』ve been touched directly by the so-called 「War On Drugs」.

Mexico. Our brother from another mother. A country, with whom, like it or not, we are inexorably, deeply involved, in a close but often uncomfortable embrace. Look at it. It』s beautiful. It has some of the most ravishingly beautiful beaches on earth. Mountains, desert, jungle. Beautiful colonial architecture, a tragic, elegant, violent, ludicrous, heroic, lamentable, heartbreaking history. Mexican wine country rivals Tuscany for gorgeousness. Its archeological sites—the remnants of great empires, unrivaled anywhere. And as much as we think we know and love it, we have barely scratched the surface of what Mexican food really is. It is NOT melted cheese over a tortilla chip. It is not simple, or easy. It is not simply 『bro food』 halftime. It is in fact, old— older even than the great cuisines of Europe and often deeply complex, refined, subtle, and sophisticated. A true mole sauce, for instance, can take DAYS to make, a balance of freshly (always fresh) ingredients, painstakingly prepared by hand. It could be, should be, one of the most exciting cuisines on the planet. If we paid attention. The old school cooks of Oaxaca make some of the more difficult to make and nuanced sauces in gastronomy. And some of the new generation, many of whom have trained in the kitchens of America and Europe have returned home to take Mexican food to new and thrilling new heights.
It』s a country I feel particularly attached to and grateful for. In nearly 30 years of cooking professionally, just about every time I walked into a new kitchen, it was a Mexican guy who looked after me, had my back, showed me what was what, was there—and on the case—when the cooks more like me, with backgrounds like mine—ran away to go skiing or surfing—or simply 「flaked.」 I have been fortunate to track where some of those cooks come from, to go back home with them. To small towns populated mostly by women—where in the evening, families gather at the town』s phone kiosk, waiting for calls from their husbands, sons and brothers who have left to work in our kitchens in the cities of the North. I have been fortunate enough to see where that affinity for cooking comes from, to experience moms and grandmothers preparing many delicious things, with pride and real love, passing that food made by hand, passed from their hands to mine.
In years of making television in Mexico, it』s one of the places we, as a crew, are happiest when the day』s work is over. We』ll gather round a street stall and order soft tacos with fresh, bright, delicious tasting salsas—drink cold Mexican beer, sip smoky mezcals, listen with moist eyes to sentimental songs from street musicians. We will look around and remark, for the hundredth time, what an extraordinary place this is.
The received wisdom is that Mexico will never change. That is hopelessly corrupt, from top to bottom. That it is useless to resist—to care, to hope for a happier future. But there are heroes out there who refuse to go along. On this episode of PARTS UNKNOWN, we meet a few of them. People who are standing up against overwhelming odds, demanding accountability, demanding change—at great, even horrifying personal cost.
This show is for them.

只能幫你到這裡了

就人來講旱的旱死淹的淹死

墨西哥寡頭產業很多，資本財產都掌握在少數人手中，但是近年來好了很多，NAFTA協議之後墨西哥貧民有了職業，不用像以前偷渡到美國。

就國家來說，墨西哥真的不窮啊他們是OPEC成員國之一，主要出口資源還有匯率十分穩定，是全球第11大經濟體。