是否存在同根詞詞典.mdx？

歐路詞典的官方和拓展詞典有很多，但是為什麼從來沒見到過同根詞詞典。

比如我查idle,有道在線詞典的同根詞詞典就會顯示出 idler等。

詞根詞綴詞典一大堆，但就是沒有同根詞詞典，求解。。

請見→ an English dictionary about English vocabulary words and etymologies derived primarily from Latin and Greek word origins

在其搜尋欄內輸入帶拉丁、希臘詞根的英文單詞，作搜尋，這個線上辭典就會幫忙拆分詞根詞綴；點入所顯示的詞根，就可以看到同根詞的彙整臚列。其它，就請依照您的直覺，學著使用該網站所提供的這個工具。

而帶有向拉丁、希臘文借入的詞根，向拉丁、希臘文借詞的英語單詞，在英語行文裡邊幾乎無所不在。比方說，上面提供的那個網站連結，在知乎自動顯示的那一行簡介17個詞當中，就有6個單詞(Latin跟Greek這兩個專有名詞尚未計入)，是含帶有源於拉丁文跟希臘文的詞根。題主或許就可以拿那幾個單詞為例，試著開始使用那個網站。

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講到詞根，講到借詞(loan words)，講到「無所不在」。英文文章當中的借詞，滿滿多可見。而且視領域，若在越專業的英語/英文，所使用的詞彙，借詞的比例就越高。

我之前在它處，在談到借詞時，曾以英語文為例，將十八世紀的一份英文文獻，講英語的北美十三州他們1776年的《獨立宣言》的前頭一部份，就它裡邊的用詞，依照其語詞來源，作了整理分隔跟計算。另亦將一份廿世紀的文件，邱吉爾的一份報告演說的一部份，也作了同樣的整理分類。我將它們放在底下當成附件，以實例來闡明這個「無所不在」。

我是約略將裡面的單詞，分作：---

1/「本土詞」-- 在這裡的這個稱呼，是指：西元五世紀，西日爾曼人從歐洲大陸渡海侵入且逐漸遷徙居住在後來稱為英格蘭的這個地方，所使用的語言；也包括講北日爾曼語的維京人(Vikings) 在八世紀末開始，過海劫掠，然後也在英格蘭定居且混居，一直到十一世紀，所產生的英語。英語學者將其稱為「古英語/Old English」或者「盎格魯薩克遜語/Anglo-Saxon」時代的英語的詞彙，日爾曼語源的詞彙。

2/「借詞」 -- 在這裡的這個稱呼，我是指在十一世紀，原本也是北日爾曼人，但已經在當時跟後來至今所稱的法國的諾曼地定居，已經在講法語(拉丁系語)的諾曼人為首，從諾曼第渡海入侵、統治英格蘭之後那段期間，英語向法語所借的語詞，之外，也包括之前跟後來，從尤其拉丁語，以及包括希臘語在內的其他語言，所借入到英語裡邊的語詞或構成語詞的詞根。

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這是美國的《獨立宣言》的前面那部份的英文原文，我稍微作分段： ---

The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature"s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.

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這整個283個字詞當中，用了191個本土詞 (不過有頗多是重複使用)，用了93個借詞。其中的「self-evident」是本土詞跟借詞構成複合詞/compound，因為都可以是獨立語詞，我將它們拆開分別計算，所以多了一個出來。

上面的數字，我是以它文句當中的獨立單位，詞 (word) 的數量來算。而若是像英語原本的 -s, -"s, -ed, -ing, -ly, 或者是它從比如法語/拉丁/希臘語借入的 -ble, -ism, -tion, -ment，等等詞綴，這種 非獨立詞素 (bound morphemes)，我不作拆分，不算在內。

「本土詞」，191個：The of the thirteen of When in the of it becomes for one to the bands which have them with another and to among the of the earth the and to which the Laws of and of God them a to the of mankind that they should the which them to the We hold these truths to be self- that all men are that they are by their with Rights that among these are Life and the of Happiness That to these rights are among Men their from the of the That whenever any of becomes of these ends it is the Right of the to or to it and to new laying its on such and its in such as to them shall seem most likely to their and Happiness indeed will that long should not be for light and and all hath shewn that mankind are more to while evils are than to right themselves by the to which they are But when a long of and the same a to them under it is their right it is their to throw off such and to new for their

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我將上頭那段宣言裡面所用的英語本土詞，按字母前後排在下面。就可以看得出來，這191個單詞當中，絕多數是構成語言基本句式結構跟特色的語詞。其中，語法詞/虛詞(代名詞/冠詞/指示詞/介詞/連接詞，等等)，包括一再重複使用的，都算進去，佔了超過150個/次；而基本動詞，尤其包括構成語句結構的助動詞，20幾個/次。這些，就多屬於 封閉性詞彙：a, a, a; all, all; among, among, among; and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and; another, any; are, are, are, are, are, are, are; as, bands; be, be; becomes, becomes; but; by, by; earth, ends, evils; for, for, for; from, god; happiness, happiness; hath, have; hold; in, in; indeed; is, is, is; it, it, it, it, it, its, its; laws, laying, life, light, likely; long, long; mankind, mankind; men, men; more, most; new, new; not; of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of; off, on, one, or; right, right, right, rights, rights; same, seem, self-, shall, shewn; should, should; such, such, such; than; that, that, that, that, that, that, that, that; the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the; they, they, they, their, their, their, their, their, their, them, them, them, them, them, themselves; these, these, these, these; thirteen, throw; to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to; truths, under, we, when, when, whenever; which, which, which, which; while, will, with, with

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而其中的「借詞」，有93個：unanimous Declaration united States America Course human events necessary people dissolve political connected assume powers separate equal station Nature Nature"s entitle decent respect opinions requires declare causes impel separation evident created equal endowed Creator certain unalienable Liberty pursuit secure Governments instituted deriving just powers consent governed Form Government destructive People alter abolish institute Government foundation principles organizing powers form effect Safety Prudence dictate Governments established changed transient causes accordingly experience disposed suffer sufferable abolishing forms accustomed train abuses usurpations pursuing invariably Object evinces design reduce absolute Despotism duty Government provide Guards future security

我將它們依照字母順序排咧。可看得出來，重複的頗少，而且，多為法律政治宗教等等語詞，都是實詞，開放性詞彙：abolish, abolishing, absolute, abuses, accordingly, accustomed, alter, america, assume, causes, causes, certain, changed, connected, consent, course, created, creator, decent, declaration, declare, deriving, design, despotism, destructive, dictate, disposed, dissolve, duty, effect, endowed, entitle, equal, equal, established, events, evident, evinces, experience, form, form, forms, foundation, future, governed, government, government, government, governments, governments, guards, human, impel, institute, instituted, invariably, just, liberty, nature, nature"s, necessary, object, opinions, organizing, people, people, political, powers, powers, powers, principles, provide, prudence, pursuing, pursuit, reduce, requires, respect, safety, secure, security, separate, separation, states, station, suffer, sufferable, train, transient, unalienable, unanimous, united, usurpations

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整個段落283個詞，是191個本土詞 對 93個借詞，差不多是六成半對三成半。然而，若將重複的語詞拿掉，比例大小卻反過來，借詞反而佔了將近五成半，本土詞只剩下約四成半。

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再舉另外一個/一種例子： ---

二次大戰初期，英國從歐洲大陸的敦克爾克大撤退才結束的那一天，情勢很危急頗糟糕的時刻，它的戰時首相邱吉爾，到國會作報告。邱吉爾在報告的最後，為要表達決心，也要訴諸國民感情，呼籲全民動員，準備抵抗希特勒德國入侵的演說的末尾那部分當中，經常被引用的這段名句：

We shall fight on the beaches; we shall fight on the landing grounds; we shall fight in the fields and in the streets; we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.

不知是存心還是故意【邱吉爾對自己母語文的了解跟運用，非常熟練，得心應手收放自如】，那句當中的語詞， 除了從諾曼法語所借的「surrender」，還有一個「street」以外，其餘都是是源自本土本族的盎格魯薩克遜語。

【其中的「street」，雖然最早是從拉丁語借入，是從羅馬人指稱 有打地基而且又一層一層夯實所鋪起來的道路 的一個拉丁語詞「strata」，所借入的。不過，在講法語的諾曼人過海征服統治英格蘭之前，在盎格魯薩克遜時代，英語裡邊就已經在使用這個借詞了。而且，很有可能是盎格魯薩克遜人，他們尚未在西元五世紀渡過海峽/北海到不列顛島，還仍在大陸的時代，跟羅馬帝國就有接觸，就已經借入的一個語詞。由於對當時的日耳曼人來說，這種道路是外來的新事物、新概念，就向拉丁語直接借詞來指稱】

嗯，我也將邱吉爾那份報告/演講的最尾段，下面這段，一樣作本土詞跟借詞的隔開，也同時作簡單的計算：---

I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our Island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone.

At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His Majesty"s Government - every man of them. That is the will of Parliament and the nation.

The British Empire and the French Republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength.

Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail.

We shall go on to the end,

we shall fight in France,

we shall fight on the seas and oceans,

we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air,

we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be,

we shall fight on the beaches,

we shall fight on the landing grounds,

we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,

we shall fight in the hills;

we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God"s good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.

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這段308個字詞當中，用到了249個本土詞 (同樣有頗多詞是重複使用)，用了59個借詞。

「本土詞」，249個：I have myself full that if all do their if nothing is and if the best are made as they are being made we shall ourselves once again to our Island home to ride out the storm of war and to outlive the of if for years if alone At any that is what we are going to try to do That is the of His every man of them That is the will of and the The and the linked together in their and in their need will to the death their each other like good to the utmost of their strength Even though of and many old and have fallen or may fall into the of the and all the of we shall not flag or We shall go on to the end we shall fight in we shall fight on the seas and we shall fight with growing and growing strength in the air we shall our Island whatever the may be we shall fight on the beaches we shall fight on the landing grounds we shall fight in the fields and in the we shall fight in the hills we shall never and even if which I do not for a this Island or a of it were and starving then our beyond the seas armed and by the Fleet would on the until in God"s good time the New World with all its and might steps forth to the and the of the old

按字母順序排列(含重複)：a, a, again, air; all, all, all; alone; and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and; any; are, are, are; armed, as, at, be, beaches, being, best, beyond, by, death, do, do, do; each, end, even, even, every, fall, fallen, fields; fight, fight, fight, fight, fight, fight, fight; flag, fleet; for, for; forth, full, go, god"s, going, good, good, grounds; growing, growing, have, have, hills, his, home; I, if, if, if, if, if, if; in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, into; is, is, is, is; island, island, island; it, its; landing, like, linked, made, made, man, many; may, may, might, myself, need, never, new, not, not, nothing, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of; old, old; on, on, on, on, on; once; or, or, or; other, our, our, our, ourselves; out, outlive, ride; seas, seas; shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall, shall; starving, steps, storm; strength, strength; that, that, that, that; the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the; their, their, their, their, their, them; then, they, this, though, time; to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to; together, try, until, utmost, war; we, we, we, we, we, we, we, we, we, we, we, we, we; were, what, whatever, which; will, will, with, with, world, would, years

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「借詞」，59個：confidence duty neglected arrangements prove able defend menace tyranny necessary necessary rate resolve Majesty"s Government Parliament nation British Empire French Republic cause defend native soil aiding comrades large tracts Europe famous States grip Gestapo odious apparatus Nazi rule fail France oceans confidence defend cost streets surrender moment believe large part subjugated Empire guarded British carry struggle power rescue liberation

按字母順序排列(含重複)：able, aiding, apparatus, arrangements, believe, british, british, carry, cause, comrades, confidence, confidence, cost, defend, defend, defend, duty, empire, empire, europe, fail, famous, france, french, gestapo, government, grip, guarded, large, large, liberation, majesty"s, menace, moment, nation, native, nazi, necessary, necessary, neglected, oceans, odious, parliament, part, power, prove, rate, republic, rescue, resolve, rule, soil, states, streets, struggle, subjugated, surrender, tracts, tyranny

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皆扣掉重複之後，借詞的數量比例，仍佔三成三。

謝謝邀請

這個真的是有不少，西方人背單詞就是背詞根的。具體你可以去看看英文的辭彙教程。希望可以幫到你。