怎樣從零開始用 Python 寫一個貪吃蛇？

12-31

PS: 感覺好像被當成伸手黨了，題主我一開始也是有個想法的，只是感覺運行效率太渣，來學習學習各位的方法。
還有現在忙著高考，也沒多少時間實踐這個貪吃蛇程序了。但還是感謝各位提出的思路。
==--------以下為原問題--------==

首先說明「從零開始」不是指零基礎
首先說明「從零開始」不是指零基礎
首先說明「從零開始」不是指零基礎
是指從頭寫起。
1. 使用現有模塊的話有什麼模塊推薦？
2. 不使用現有模塊的話怎麼自己從底層開始寫？需要具備哪些知識？

大一，標準庫，沒有用到pygame。代碼很醜，見諒。

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # __author__ = "wj" from Tkinter import * import random from time import * import thread import sys sys.setrecursionlimit(sys.maxint)


def callback1():  # difficulty

    global diff

    diff = difficulty(0)
def callback11():  # difficulty

    global diff

    diff = difficulty(1)
def callback12():  # difficulty

    global diff

    diff = difficulty(2)
def callback2():  # start

    start()
def callback3():  # exit

    root.destroy()
def callback4(event):  # up

    m.append(0)
def callback5(event):  # down

    m.append(1)
def callback6(event):  # left

    m.append(2)
def callback7(event):  # right

    m.append(3)
def difficulty(x=2):

    if x == 0:

        return 0.5

    if x == 1:

        return 0.3

    if x == 2:

        return 0.1
def createfood():

    x = random.randint(0, 39)

    y = random.randint(0, 29)

    return (x, y)
def pan(now):

    for i in range(len(l)):

        if lx[i] == now[0] * 20 and ly[i] == now[1] * 20:

            return False
def food():

    now = createfood()

    while pan(now):

        now = createfood()

    r = f.create_rectangle(now[0] * 20, now[1] * 20, now[0] * 20 + 20, now[1] * 20 + 20, fill="red")

    f.update()

    z.append(r)

    lxf.append(now[0] * 20)

    lyf.append(now[1] * 20)
def gameover():

    if lx[-1] &> 780 or lx[-1] &< 0 or ly[-1] &> 580 or ly[-1] &< 0:
        try:
            f.create_text(400, 250, text="Game Over", font=("Fixdsys", 40), fill="red", justify=CENTER)
            f.create_text(400, 330, text="Ur Score : " + str(len(l) - 3), font=("Fixdsys", 40), fill="blue", justify=CENTER)
            f.create_text(400, 400, text="please click exit", fill="black",font=("Fixdsys", 20))
        except:
            print "Game Over"
            f.create_text(400,400,text="please click exit",fill="black",font=("Fixdsys", 20))
            sleep(100)
    for i in range(len(l) - 1):
        if lx[i] == lx[-1] and ly[i] == ly[-1]:
            try:
                f.create_text(400, 250, text="Game Over", font=("Fixdsys", 40), fill="red", justify=CENTER)
                f.create_text(400, 330, text="Ur Score : " + str(len(l) - 3), font=("Fixdsys", 40), fill="blue",justify=CENTER)
                f.create_text(400, 400, text="please click exit", fill="black",font=("Fixdsys", 20))
            except:
                print "Game Over"
                f.create_text(400, 400, text="please click exit", fill="black",font=("Fixdsys", 20))
                sleep(100)

#控制移動函數
def move():
    if m[-1] == 0:
        up_move1()
        m.pop(0)
    elif m[-1] == 1:
        down_move1()
        m.pop(0)
    elif m[-1] == 2:
        left_move1()
        m.pop(0)
    elif m[-1] == 3:
        right_move1()
        m.pop(0)

def crash():
    for i in range(len(l) - 1):
        if lx[i] == lx[-1] and ly[i] == ly[-1]:
            return True

#自動移動
def up_move():
    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1], ly[-1] - 20, lx[-1] + 20, ly[-1], fill="white")

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1])

        ly.append(ly[-1] - 20)

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()

        if len(m) != 0:

            thread.start_new_thread(move, ())

        sleep(diff)

        move_straight()
#自動移動

def down_move():

    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1], ly[-1] + 20, lx[-1] + 20, ly[-1] + 40, fill="white")

        f.update()

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1])

        ly.append(ly[-1] + 20)

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()

        if len(m) != 0:

            thread.start_new_thread(move, ())

        sleep(diff)

        move_straight()
#自動移動

def left_move():

    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1] - 20, ly[-1], lx[-1], ly[-1] + 20, fill="white")

        f.update()

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1] - 20)

        ly.append(ly[-1])

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()

        if len(m) != 0:

            thread.start_new_thread(move, ())

        sleep(diff)

        move_straight()
#自動移動

def right_move():

    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1] + 20, ly[-1], lx[-1] + 40, ly[-1] + 20, fill="white")

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1] + 20)

        ly.append(ly[-1])

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            f.update()

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()

        if len(m) != 0:

            thread.start_new_thread(move, ())

        sleep(diff)

        move_straight()
#自動移動

def move_straight():  # 坐標比較 然後調用四個方向移動的函數

    if lx[-1] == lx[-2] and ly[-1] &> ly[-2]:

        down_move()

    if lx[-1] == lx[-2] and ly[-1] &< ly[-2]:
        up_move()
    if lx[-1] &> lx[-2] and ly[-1] == ly[-2]:

        right_move()

    if lx[-1] &< lx[-2] and ly[-1] == ly[-2]:
        left_move()

#控制移動函數
def up_move1():
    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1], ly[-1] - 20, lx[-1] + 20, ly[-1], fill="white")

    l.append(r)

    lx.append(lx[-1])

    ly.append(ly[-1] - 20)

    gameover()

    if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

        f.delete(l[0])

        l.pop(0)

        lx.pop(0)

        ly.pop(0)

    else:  # 碰到了

        f.delete(z[-1])

        food()

    f.update()
#控制移動函數

def down_move1():

    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1], ly[-1] + 20, lx[-1] + 20, ly[-1] + 40, fill="white")

        f.update()

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1])

        ly.append(ly[-1] + 20)

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()
#控制移動函數

def left_move1():

    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1] - 20, ly[-1], lx[-1], ly[-1] + 20, fill="white")

        f.update()

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1] - 20)

        ly.append(ly[-1])

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()
#控制移動函數

def right_move1():

    if lx[-1] &< 0 or lx[-1]&>780 or ly[-1]&<0 or ly[-1]&>580:

        pass

    elif crash():

        pass

    else:

        r = f.create_rectangle(lx[-1] + 20, ly[-1], lx[-1] + 20 + 20, ly[-1] + 20, fill="white")

        l.append(r)

        lx.append(lx[-1] + 20)

        ly.append(ly[-1])

        gameover()

        if lx[-1] != lxf[-1] or ly[-1] != lyf[-1]:  # 沒碰到

            f.delete(l[0])

            f.update()

            l.pop(0)

            lx.pop(0)

            ly.pop(0)

        else:  # 碰到了

            f.delete(z[-1])

            food()

        f.update()
def start():

    global r1

    global r2

    l.append(r1)

    l.append(r2)

    lx.append(0)

    lx.append(20)

    ly.append(0)

    ly.append(0)

    food()

    move_straight()
root = Tk()

root.title("snake")

root.geometry("800x600")

m = Menu(root)

root.config(menu=m)

m.add_command(label="Start", command=callback2)

difmenu = Menu(m)

m.add_cascade(label="Difficulty", menu=difmenu)

difmenu.add_command(label="Easy", command=callback1)

difmenu.add_separator()

difmenu.add_command(label="Normal", command=callback11)

difmenu.add_separator()

difmenu.add_command(label="Difficult", command=callback12)

paumenu = Menu(m)

m.add_cascade(label="Pause", menu=paumenu)

m.add_command(label="Exit", command=callback3)

f = Canvas(root, width=800, height=600, bg="white")

f.bind("&", callback4)

f.bind("&", callback5)

f.bind("&", callback6)

f.bind("&", callback7)

f.focus_set()

f.pack()
#這裡需要一張底色不為白色、gif格式的圖片，可以自行調整（我劃的線是白色）

#pic = PhotoImage(file="C:UserswjDesktop\snake.gif")

#f.create_image(400, 300, image=pic)
for i in range(20 - 1, 600 - 1, 20):

    f.create_line(0, i, 800, i, smooth=0, fill="white")
for i in range(20 - 1, 800 - 1, 20):

    f.create_line(i, 0, i, 600, smooth=0, fill="white")

l = [] lx = [] ly = [] lxf = [] lyf = [] z = [] m = [] r1 = f.create_rectangle(0, 0, 20, 20, fill="white") r2 = f.create_rectangle(20, 0, 40, 20, fill="white") diff = difficulty() root.mainloop()

pygame

100來行就可以了

源碼：

codetimer/Snake

一、前言

看了提問者在另一個回答的評論

真的覺得提問者應該試試pygame。「工欲善其事，必先利其器。」個人認為，python與其他編程語言相比，亮點在於它有豐富的第三方庫。比如用python做爬蟲，原生庫urllib2和第三方庫requests相比，哪個效率更高？

二、推薦

pygame顧名思義，python和game相結合，專註於2D遊戲開發。pygame很容易入門。網上有一些不錯的教程，在此推薦我的入門教程：-Daydayblog-第1頁（貌似博客不見了？——2016.10.15）

博客提供了16個章節：

pygame遊戲編程（1）--pygame簡介及安裝
pygame遊戲編程（2）--第一個pygame程序
pygame遊戲編程（3）--文本列印及字體
pygame遊戲編程（4）--像素、顏色和圖像
pygame遊戲編程（5）--surface對象
pygame遊戲編程（6）--窗口顯示
pygame遊戲編程（7）--繪製幾何圖像
pygame遊戲編程（8）--event事件
pygame遊戲編程（9）--動畫之直線運動
pygame遊戲編程（10）--動畫之向量
pygame遊戲編程（11）--人機交互
pygame遊戲編程（12）--人工智慧
pygame遊戲編程（13）--聲音
pygame遊戲編程（14）--音樂播放器
pygame遊戲編程（15）--貪吃蛇遊戲

三、貪吃蛇

沒錯，博客作者提供了如何使用pygame開發貪吃蛇的教程，詳見pygame遊戲編程(16)--貪吃蛇遊戲-pygame教程-Daydayblog,作者程序運行界面如下：

貪吃蛇主要包括以下幾個方面：

物體表示：蛇和蘋果如何存儲和顯示、蛇如何移動和吃蘋果變長；
字體顯示：提示玩家該如何操作，顯示玩家的分數；
人機交互：使用鍵盤的方向鍵來控制蛇的移動；
矩形繪圖：繪製各種基本的圖形來組成圖像。

使用pygame開發貪吃蛇，您只需要先學會：

pygame簡介及安裝
surface對象
窗口顯示
繪製幾何圖形
event事件
人機交互

四、成果

pygame開發2D遊戲簡直不能太簡單，我粗略看了教程之後，就自主完成兩個遊戲開發：

1、貪吃蛇

附上本人貪吃蛇遊戲代碼（很多細節沒處理好，勿噴。）

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys,pygame,random from pygame.locals import *


windowWidth=600

windowHeight=600

cellSize=20

head = 0
def main():

    #初始化

    pygame.init()

    global screen

    screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windowWidth,windowHeight))

    pygame.display.set_caption("Greedy Snake")

    gameStart()

    FPS=pygame.time.Clock()

    startX=cellSize*random.randint(8,windowWidth/cellSize-8)

    startY=cellSize*random.randint(8,windowHeight/cellSize-8)
    snake=[{"x": startX , "y": startY},

           {"x": startX - 1 * cellSize, "y": startY},

            {"x": startX - 2 * cellSize, "y": startY},

           {"x": startX - 3 * cellSize, "y": startY}]

    appleX = cellSize * random.randint(0, windowWidth / cellSize)

    appleY = cellSize * random.randint(0, windowHeight / cellSize)
    while True:

        FPS.tick(15)

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type==QUIT:

                pygame.quit()

                sys.exit()

            if event.type==KEYDOWN:

                turn(snake,event)

        move(snake)

        if snake[head]["x"]==appleX and snake[head]["y"]==appleY:

            appleX = cellSize * random.randint(0, windowWidth / cellSize)

            appleY = cellSize * random.randint(0, windowHeight / cellSize)

            eat(snake)
        if snake[head]["x"]&<0 or snake[head]["x"]&>windowWidth or snake[head]["y"]&<0 or snake[head]["y"]&>windowHeight:

            gameOver(snake)

        for body in snake[1:]:

            if body==snake[head]:

                gameOver(snake)
        screen.fill((0, 150, 0))

        drawgrid()

        drawSnake(snake)

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 0, 0), (appleX, appleY, cellSize, cellSize))
        pygame.display.update()
#繪製網格

def drawgrid():

    for i in xrange(cellSize,windowWidth,cellSize):

        pygame.draw.line(screen,(0,255,0),(i,0),(i,windowHeight),1)

    for j in xrange(cellSize,windowHeight,cellSize):

        pygame.draw.line(screen,(0,255,0),(0,j),(windowWidth,j),1)
#繪製蛇

def drawSnake(snake):

    for cood in snake:

        pygame.draw.rect(screen,(150,150,0),(cood["x"],cood["y"],cellSize,cellSize))

    pygame.draw.rect(screen, (250, 250, 0), (snake[head]["x"], snake[head]["y"], cellSize, cellSize))
def turn(snake,event):

    # 上下轉向

    if snake[head]["y"] == snake[1]["y"]:

        if event.key == K_UP:

            del snake[-1]

            newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"], "y": snake[head]["y"] - cellSize}

            snake.insert(0, newHead)
        elif event.key == K_DOWN:

            del snake[-1]

            newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"], "y": snake[head]["y"] + cellSize}

            snake.insert(0, newHead)
    # 左右轉向

    if snake[head]["x"] == snake[1]["x"]:

        if event.key == K_LEFT:

            del snake[-1]

            newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"] - cellSize, "y": snake[head]["y"]}

            snake.insert(0, newHead)
        if event.key == K_RIGHT:

            del snake[-1]

            newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"] + cellSize, "y": snake[head]["y"]}

            snake.insert(0, newHead)
def move(snake):

    # 向左運動

    if snake[head]["x"] &< snake[1]["x"]:
        del snake[-1]
        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"] - cellSize, "y": snake[head]["y"]}
        snake.insert(0, newHead)
    # 向右運動
    elif snake[head]["x"] &> snake[1]["x"]:

        del snake[-1]

        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"] + cellSize, "y": snake[head]["y"]}

        snake.insert(0, newHead)

    # 向上運動

    elif snake[head]["y"] &< snake[1]["y"]:
        del snake[-1]
        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"], "y": snake[head]["y"] - cellSize}
        snake.insert(0, newHead)
    # 向下運動
    elif snake[head]["y"] &> snake[1]["y"]:

        del snake[-1]

        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"], "y": snake[head]["y"] + cellSize}

        snake.insert(0, newHead)
def eat(snake):

    # 向左運動

    if snake[head]["x"] &< snake[1]["x"]:
        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"] - cellSize, "y": snake[head]["y"]}
        snake.insert(0, newHead)
    # 向右運動
    elif snake[head]["x"] &> snake[1]["x"]:

        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"] + cellSize, "y": snake[head]["y"]}

        snake.insert(0, newHead)

    # 向上運動

    elif snake[head]["y"] &< snake[1]["y"]:
        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"], "y": snake[head]["y"] - cellSize}
        snake.insert(0, newHead)
    # 向下運動
    elif snake[head]["y"] &> snake[1]["y"]:

        newHead = {"x": snake[head]["x"], "y": snake[head]["y"] + cellSize}

        snake.insert(0, newHead)
def gameStart():

    screen.fill((0, 150, 0))

    drawgrid()

    fontObj1 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 60)

    textSurfaceObj1 = fontObj1.render("Greedy Snake", True, (255,255,255))

    textRectObj1 = textSurfaceObj1.get_rect()

    textRectObj1.center = (windowWidth/2, windowHeight/3)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj1,textRectObj1)
    fontObj2 =pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 30)

    textSurfaceObj2 = fontObj2.render("Devloper: JIE ", True,(0, 0, 0))

    textRectObj2 = textSurfaceObj2.get_rect()

    textRectObj2.center = (windowWidth/2, windowHeight*2/3)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj2,textRectObj2)
    pygame.display.update()

    flag=True

    while(flag):

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type==QUIT:

                pygame.quit()

                sys.exit()

            if event.type==KEYDOWN:

                if event.key==K_SPACE:

                    flag=False
def gameOver(snake):

    screen.fill((0, 150, 0))

    drawgrid()

    fontObj = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 60)

    textSurfaceObj1 = fontObj.render("Game over!", True, (255,0,0))

    textRectObj1 = textSurfaceObj1.get_rect()

    textRectObj1.center = (windowWidth/3, windowHeight/3)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj1,textRectObj1)
    textSurfaceObj2 = fontObj.render("Score: %s" % (len(snake)-4), True, (255, 0, 0))

    textRectObj2 = textSurfaceObj2.get_rect()

    textRectObj2.center = (windowWidth*2/3, windowHeight*2/3)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj2,textRectObj2)
    pygame.display.update()

    while(True):

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type==QUIT:

                pygame.quit()

                sys.exit()

if __name__ == "__main__": main()

2、打飛機

附上本人打飛機遊戲代碼（很多細節沒處理好，勿噴。）

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import sys,pygame,random from pygame.locals import *


windowWidth=420

windowHeight=600

cellSize=20
shots=[]#飛行的子彈

enemys=[]#飛行的敵機
def main():

    #初始化

    global shoted

    shoted= 0

    global enemyed

    enemyed = 0

    pygame.init()

    pygame.key.set_repeat(10) #重複響應一個按鍵

    global screen,guard

    screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windowWidth,windowHeight))

    pygame.display.set_caption("aircraft")

    gamestart()

    FPS=pygame.time.Clock()

    guard=[{"x":windowWidth/2-cellSize/2,"y":windowHeight-cellSize},#中0

           {"x":windowWidth/2-cellSize/2,"y":windowHeight-2*cellSize},#上1

           {"x": windowWidth / 2-cellSize*3/2, "y": windowHeight - cellSize},#左2

           {"x": windowWidth / 2+cellSize/2, "y": windowHeight - cellSize}]#右3
    while True:

        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))

        FPS.tick(5)

        gamemedium()

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type==QUIT:

                pygame.quit()

                sys.exit()

            if event.type==KEYDOWN:

                #飛機左移

                if event.key==K_LEFT and guard[2]["x"]&>-1:

                    for body in guard:

                        body["x"]-=cellSize

                #飛機右移

                if event.key == K_RIGHT and guard[3]["x"] &< windowWidth:
                    for body in guard:
                        body["x"] += cellSize
                #發射子彈
                if event.key==K_UP:
                    shoted+=1
                    shot={"x":guard[1]["x"],"y":guard[1]["y"]}
                    shots.insert(0,shot)

        #子彈飛行
        if shots != [] :
            for s in shots:
                s["y"]-=2*cellSize
            flag=True
            while(flag and shots!=[]):
                flag=False
                if shots[-1]["y"]&<0:
                    del shots[-1]
                    flag=True

        #產生敵機
        if random.randint(0,1)==0:
            newenemy={"x":cellSize*random.randint(0,windowWidth/cellSize-1),"y":0}
            enemys.insert(0,newenemy)

        if enemys!=[]:
            for enemy in enemys:
                enemy["y"] += 0.5*cellSize #敵機飛行速度
            drawenemys()

        delshots=[]
        delenemys=[]
        for i in xrange(len(shots)):
            for j in xrange(len(enemys)):
                if len(shots) != [] and len(enemys) != []:
                    if shots[i]["x"]==enemys[j]["x"] and shots[i]["y"]&windowHeight-cellSize:

                gameover()
        drawshots()

        #drawgrid()

        drawguard()

        pygame.display.update()
#繪製網格

def drawgrid():

    for i in xrange(cellSize,windowWidth,cellSize):

        pygame.draw.line(screen,(255,255,255),(i,0),(i,windowHeight),1)

    for j in xrange(cellSize,windowHeight,cellSize):

        pygame.draw.line(screen,(255,255,255),(0,j),(windowWidth,j),1)
#繪製自己的戰機

def drawguard():

    for body in guard:

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), (body["x"], body["y"], cellSize, cellSize))
#繪製子彈

def drawshots():

    for s in shots:

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), (s["x"]+cellSize/3, s["y"]+cellSize/4, cellSize / 3, cellSize/2))
#繪製敵機

def drawenemys():

    for e in enemys:

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), (e["x"], e["y"], cellSize, cellSize/2))

        pygame.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), (e["x"]+cellSize/4, e["y"]+cellSize/2, cellSize/2, cellSize / 2))
#遊戲開始界面

def gamestart():

    #drawgrid()

    fontObj1 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 60)

    textSurfaceObj1 = fontObj1.render("Aircraft", True, (255,255,255))

    textRectObj1 = textSurfaceObj1.get_rect()

    textRectObj1.center = (windowWidth/2, windowHeight/3)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj1,textRectObj1)
    fontObj2 =pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 30)

    textSurfaceObj2 = fontObj2.render("Developer : JIE", True,(255, 255, 255))

    textRectObj2 = textSurfaceObj2.get_rect()

    textRectObj2.center = (windowWidth/2, windowHeight*2/3)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj2,textRectObj2)
    pygame.display.update()

    flag=True

    while(flag):

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type==QUIT:

                pygame.quit()

                sys.exit()

            if event.type==KEYDOWN:

                if event.key==K_SPACE:

                    flag=False
#遊戲顯示界面

def gamemedium():

    fontObj1 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 20)

    textSurfaceObj1 = fontObj1.render("enemy: %d"%enemyed , True, (255, 255, 0))

    textRectObj1 = textSurfaceObj1.get_rect()

    textRectObj1.center = (windowWidth-3*cellSize, 2*cellSize)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj1, textRectObj1)
    fontObj2 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 20)

    textSurfaceObj2 = fontObj2.render("shot: %d" % shoted, True, (255, 255, 0))

    textRectObj2 = textSurfaceObj2.get_rect()

    textRectObj2.center = (2*cellSize, 2*cellSize)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj2, textRectObj2)
#遊戲結束界面

def gameover():

    #drawgrid()

    fontObj1 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 50)

    textSurfaceObj1 = fontObj1.render("Game over!", True, (255, 0, 0))

    textRectObj1 = textSurfaceObj1.get_rect()

    textRectObj1.center = (windowWidth / 2, windowHeight*3 / 8)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj1, textRectObj1)
    fontObj2 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 30)

    textSurfaceObj2 = fontObj2.render("shot: %d"%shoted, True, (255, 255, 255))

    textRectObj2 = textSurfaceObj2.get_rect()

    textRectObj2.center = (windowWidth / 2, windowHeight * 8 / 16)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj2, textRectObj2)
    fontObj3 = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf", 30)

    textSurfaceObj3 = fontObj3.render("enemy: %d" % enemyed, True, (255, 255, 255))

    textRectObj3 = textSurfaceObj3.get_rect()

    textRectObj3.center = (windowWidth / 2, windowHeight * 9 / 16)

    screen.blit(textSurfaceObj3, textRectObj3)
    pygame.display.update()

    flag = True

    while (flag):

        for event in pygame.event.get():

            if event.type == QUIT:

                pygame.quit()

                sys.exit()

            if event.type == KEYDOWN:

                if event.key == K_SPACE:

                    flag = False

if __name__ == "__main__": main()

新建一個文本文檔，複製粘貼下面的代碼進去，保存，關閉，更改擴展名為html，用瀏覽器打開。這就是一個只用了一行代碼的貪吃蛇程序。

& & & & &Title& & & & window.onkeydown=((ctx,snake,food,direction,move,draw)=&>((loop,newFood,timer)=&>Array.from({length:400}).forEach((_e,i)=&>draw(ctx,i,"black"))||(timer=setInterval(()=&>loop(newFood)||clearInterval(timer)||console.log(timer)||alert("Game Over"),200))(e=&>direction=snake[1]-snake[0]==(move=[-1,-20,1,20][(e||event).keyCode-37]||direction)?direction:move))((newFood)=&>snake.unshift(move=snake[0]+direction)snake.indexOf(move,1)&>0||move&<0||move&>399||direction==1move%20==0||direction==-1move%20==19?false:(draw(ctx,move,"green")||move==food?newFood()draw(ctx,food,"red"):draw(ctx,snake.pop(),"Black"))!==[],()=&>Array.from({length:8000}).some(e=&>snake.indexOf(food=~~(Math.random()*400))===-1)))(document.getElementById("canvas").getContext("2d"),[42,41],43,1,null,(ctx,node,color)=&>(ctx.fillStyle=color)ctx.fillRect(node%20*20+1,~~(node/20)*20+1,18,18)); & & &

歪個樓，放一下CovScript編寫的貪吃蛇。CovScript和Python差不多，但格式相對自由些。Github源碼地址

共183行，用到了Darwin圖形庫擴展

import darwin const var head_pix=darwin.pixel("#",darwin.white,darwin.black) const var body_pix=darwin.pixel("+",darwin.white,darwin.black) const var food_pix=darwin.pixel("@",darwin.white,darwin.black) var snake_body={} var snake_head={0,0} var food={0,0} var heading=2 const var init_long=5 var god_mode=false var cross_wall=false const var hard=2 var score=0 darwin.load() var pic=darwin.get_drawable()


function die()

	var str0="You die!Your score is "+score+"."

	var str1="Press any key to continue..."

	loop

		if(darwin.is_kb_hit())

			darwin.get_kb_hit()

			break

		end

		pic.clear()

		pic.fill(darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.white,darwin.red))

		pic.draw_string(0.5*(pic.get_width()-str0.size()),0.5*pic.get_height(),str0,darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.white,darwin.red))

		pic.draw_string(0.5*(pic.get_width()-str1.size()),pic.get_height()-1,str1,darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.white,darwin.red))

		darwin.update_drawable()

	end

end
function gen_food()

	var is_fit=true

	while(is_fit)

		food[0]=runtime.randint(0,pic.get_width()-1)

		food[1]=runtime.randint(0,pic.get_height()-1)

		is_fit=false

		for it iterate snake_body

			if(it[0]==food[0]it[1]==food[1])

				is_fit=true

			end

		end

	end

end
function start()

	snake_head={init_long,to_integer(0.5*pic.get_height())}

	for i=0 to init_long-2

		snake_body.push_back({snake_head[0]-i,snake_head[1]})

	end

	gen_food()

	var frame=0

	var pause=false

	loop

		if(darwin.is_kb_hit())

			switch darwin.get_kb_hit()

				case "p"

					pic.save_to_file("./screen_shot.cdpf")

				end

				case "w"

					if(!pause(god_mode||heading!=4))

						heading=3

					end

				end

				case "s"

					if(!pause(god_mode||heading!=3))

						heading=4

					end

				end

				case "a"

					if(!pause(god_mode||heading!=2))

						heading=1

					end

				end

				case "d"

					if(!pause(god_mode||heading!=1))

						heading=2

					end

				end

				case "	"

					if(pause)

						pause=false

					else

						pause=true

					end

				end

			end

		end

		if(!pauseframe==hard)

			switch heading

				case 1

					--snake_head[0]

				end

				case 2

					++snake_head[0]

				end

				case 3

					--snake_head[1]

				end

				case 4

					++snake_head[1]

				end

			end

			if(cross_wall)

				if(snake_head[0]&<0)
					snake_head[0]=snake_head[0]+pic.get_width()
				end
				if(snake_head[0]&>pic.get_width()-1)

					snake_head[0]=snake_head[0]-pic.get_width()

				end

				if(snake_head[1]&<0)
					snake_head[1]=snake_head[1]+pic.get_height()
				end
				if(snake_head[1]&>pic.get_height()-1)

					snake_head[1]=snake_head[1]-pic.get_height()

				end

			else

				if(snake_head[0]&<0||snake_head[0]&>pic.get_width()-1||snake_head[1]&<0||snake_head[1]&>pic.get_height()-1)

					die()

					return 0

				end

			end

			if(!god_mode)

				for it iterate snake_body

					if(it[0]==snake_head[0]it[1]==snake_head[1])

						die()

						return 0

					end

				end

			end

			snake_body.push_front(snake_head)

			if(snake_head[0]==food[0]snake_head[1]==food[1])

				gen_food()

				score=score+to_integer(10*(1.0/hard))

			else

				snake_body.pop_back()

			end

			frame=0

		end

		pic.clear()

		pic.draw_string(0,0,"Score:"+to_string(score),darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.black,darwin.white))

		if(cross_wall)

			pic.draw_string(0,1,"Cross Wall",darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.white,darwin.blue))

		end

		if(god_mode)

			pic.draw_string(0,2,"God Mode",darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.white,darwin.red))

		end

		if(pause)

			pic.draw_string(0,3,"Pause",darwin.pixel(" ",darwin.white,darwin.yellow))

		end

		for it iterate snake_body

			pic.draw_pixel(it[0],it[1],body_pix)

		end

		pic.draw_pixel(snake_head[0],snake_head[1],head_pix)

		pic.draw_pixel(food[0],food[1],food_pix)

		darwin.update_drawable()

		if(!pause)

			++frame

		end

	end

end

for i=1 to system.args.size()-1 switch system.args.at(i) case "--god-mode" god_mode=true end case "--cross-wall" cross_wall=true end default throw runtime.exception("Unknown arguments") end end end darwin.ui.message_box("Greedy Snake","Press any key to start","OK") darwin.fit_drawable() loop snake_body.clear() heading=2 start() end

這兩天寫了一個貪吃蛇用的是 pygame

純原創暑假自學了python 有些演算法可能有不太合適的地方大神請無視

放在了Github上

qizhenkang/Snaker_AI

如有不懂需要解釋的地方可在評論區回復~

pygame的貪吃蛇，一次投遞多個食物，默認畫布帶下15*15，一次投遞20個食物，食物之間、食物與蛇之間不會重疊。當方塊總數 - 蛇身長度 - 食物個數 &< 20時，判斷玩家勝利。有生之年終於可以看到貪吃蛇的結局了！

稍作修改也可以成為命令行版本的貪吃蛇

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Tue May 16 07:24:28 2017


@author: zbg

"""

import pygame

from pygame.locals import *
from random import randint, choice, shuffle
class Map(dict):

    def __init__(self, w, h):

        dict.__init__(self)

        self.w = w

        self.h = h

        self.clear()
    def __str__(self):

        s = ""

        for j in range(self.h):

            for i in range(self.w):

                s += self[(i, j)]

            s += "

"

        return s
    def clear(self):

        for i in range(self.w):

            for j in range(self.h):

                self[(i, j)] ="."
class Food(object):

    def __init__(self, world, n = 1):

        self.n = n #一次產生n個食物

        self.m = world.m

        self.world = world

        self.w = self.m.w

        self.h = self.m.h

        self.locations = {}#用字典是為了吃食物時方便刪除
    def generate(self):#由外部world調用，維持n個食物

        space = []#除開蛇以外的地方的坐標

        for i in range(self.w):

            for j in range(self.h):

                if (i, j) not in self.world.snake.body:

                    space.append((i, j))

        shuffle(space)

        while len(self.locations) &< self.n:
            self.locations[space[-1]] = 1 #後面的值1並沒有意義。
            del space[-1]
    
    def draw(self):
        for l in self.locations:
            self.m[l] = "o"
        
class Snake(object):
    """
    蛇做一些簡單的移動、計算和繪製
    改變移動方向交給外部的World來處理
    """
    def __init__(self, world):
        self.world = world
        self.m = world.m
        self.h = self.m.h
        self.w = self.m.w
        self.direction = "left" #
        self.state = "alive" # "alive" or "dead"
        
        cw, ch = self.w / 2, self.h / 2
        self.body = [(cw, ch), (cw + 1, ch), (cw + 2, ch)]
        
    def draw(self):
        for b in self.body:
            self.m[b] = "x"
    
    def newhead(self):    
        headw, headh = self.body[0]
        newheadw, newheadh = headw, headh
        if self.direction == "left":
            newheadw = headw - 1
        elif self.direction == "right":
            newheadw = headw + 1
        elif self.direction == "up":
            newheadh = headh - 1
        elif self.direction == "down":
            newheadh = headh + 1
        return newheadw, newheadh    
    
    def move(self):
        x, y = self.newhead()
        if len(self.body) + self.world.food.n + 20 &> self.w * self.h:

            print "fine, you win!!"

        elif x == -1 or y == -1 or x == self.w or y == self.h:

            print "error, dead"

        elif (x, y) in self.body:

            print "error, dead"

        elif (x, y) in self.world.food.locations:

            self.body = [self.newhead()] + self.body[:]

            del world.food.locations[(x, y)]

        else:

            self.body = [self.newhead()] + self.body[0: -1]
    def changedirection(self, direction):

        self.direction = direction
class World(object):

    def __init__(self, w, h):

        self.m = Map(w, h)

        self.snake = Snake(self)

        self.food = Food(self, 20)

        self.w, self.h = w, h
    def run(self):

        self.food.generate()

        self.m.clear()

        self.snake.move()

        self.food.draw()

        self.snake.draw()
def show(screen, m):

    for i in range(m.w):

        for j in range(m.h):

            if m[(i, j)] == "x":

                r = pygame.Rect(i * unit, j * unit, unit, unit)

                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(136,0,21),r,0)

            elif m[(i, j)] == "o":

                r = pygame.Rect(i * unit, j * unit, unit, unit)

                pygame.draw.rect(screen,(0,174,21),r,0)
h = 15

w = 15

unit = 30

SCREEN_SIZE =  (w * unit, h * unit)

DIRECTION = {pygame.K_UP: "up", pygame.K_DOWN: "down", pygame.K_LEFT: "left", pygame.K_RIGHT:"right"}

world = World(15,15)

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE, 0, 32)
while True:

    for event in pygame.event.get():

        if event.type == QUIT:

            exit(0)

        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

            if event.key in DIRECTION:

                direction = DIRECTION[event.key]

                if direction in ["up", "down"] and world.snake.direction in ["up", "down"]:

                    pass

                elif direction in ["left", "right"] and world.snake.direction in ["left", "right"]:

                    pass

                else:

                    world.snake.changedirection(direction)

screen.fill((255,255,255)) world.run() show(screen, world.m) pygame.display.update() print world.m clock.tick(3)

大概看了下，如果不調用包吧。你至少知道怎麼搞gui。python主要的Gui是pyqt,tkinter,GKT,wxpython。第一、第五個重點參考吧。你同時再知道一個隨機數的生成方式。

至於調用包寫的話，推薦pygame,random夠了。一百行左右的代碼量吧。

貪吃蛇只需要有如下基本的 IO 功能就可以寫了：

在指定坐標寫/畫一個塊
不阻塞不回顯地讀鍵盤

Console 下面能寫，GUI 也可以。甚至 Console 需要的功能還少些。

所以最簡單就是用標準庫 curses 寫個 Console 的貪吃蛇。curses 入門可以看官方的 How to：

Curses Programming with Python

如果用 Windows，可能需要下載安裝非官方的 curses 包：

http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#curses

而如果用 GUI，效果會好些，概念也要多些。我想 pygame 是很應景的東西，用起來比較方便，網站上有教程。

注意 IO 是操作系統提供的功能，由庫包裝一下系統功能來提供上面兩個 IO 操作就已經算是從零開始了。如果你覺得用 curses 還不夠「從零開始」，那麼你就得針對不同操作系統來寫了。例如對於 Windows，就是調用諸如 SetConsoleCursorPosition、WriteConsole 等 API 完成基本的輸出，調用 SetConsoleMode、ReadConsole 之類函數處理輸入。用 C 寫貪吃蛇倒常有人這麼干，Python 沒見過這樣的。

用print寫的貪吃蛇，pygame只用監視鍵盤，其他都是標準庫

import pygame from time import time from random import choice from collections import deque


def getdrt():

    pygame.event.pump()

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    if keys[pygame.K_UP] and olddrt[1] != 1:

        return (0,-1)

    elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN] and olddrt[1] != -1:

        return (0,1)

    elif keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and olddrt[0] != 1:

        return (-1,0)

    elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and olddrt[0] != -1:

        return (1,0)

    else:

        return drt
def show():

    global score

    show_out = ""

    for row in layout:

        for i in row:

            show_out += shape[i]

        show_out += "

"

    show_out += " Score: " + str(score)

    print("

"*50) #more beautiful

    print(show_out)
def move(drt):

    global snake_x,snake_y

    snake_x += drt[0]

    snake_y += drt[1]

    thing = layout[snake_y][snake_x]

    layout[snake_y][snake_x] = 2

    snake.append((snake_x,snake_y))

    if thing == 0:

        go()

    elif thing == 1 or thing == 2:

        die(thing)

    elif thing == 3:

        eat()
def die(thing):

    if thing == 1:

        print("You moved into the wall!")

    elif thing == 2:

        print("You ate yourself!")

    quit()
def eat():

    global score,move_speed,food

    score += 1

    move_speed *= 0.94

    i = j = 0   #food

    while layout[j][i]:

        i = choice(range(1,width-1))

        j = choice(range(1,height-1))

    layout[j][i] = 3    #food
def go():

    i = snake.popleft()

    layout[i[1]][i[0]] = 0
#settings and initializations

width = 18

height = 20

shape = ["   "," X "," * "," $ "]   #0=nothing 1=wall 2=snake 3=food

layout = [[0 for i in range(width)] for i in range(height)] #wall

for i in [0,width-1]:

    for j in range(0,height):

        layout[j][i] = 1

for i in [0,height-1]:

    for j in range(0,width):

        layout[i][j] = 1

snake_x = snake_y = 10

olddrt = drt = (1,0) #initial moving direction

snake = deque([(snake_x,snake_y)])

layout[snake_y][snake_x] = 2  #snake

layout[choice(range(1,height-1))][choice(range(1,width-1))] = 3    #food

move_speed = 0.7  #snake moves * time per second

score = 0

pygame.init() loop = True move_time = show_time = time() while loop: drt = getdrt() if time() - move_time &> move_speed: move(drt) show() olddrt = drt move_time = time()

天辣嚕。我要好好學習一下python 了

感覺很不錯啊。

不懂python，水一下，做遊戲界面為什麼用python