松下新推出的透明液晶屏幕是什麼原理?

關機時是完全透明的玻璃,開機後和電視一樣。

透明的LED背光+液晶遮罩嗎?


簡單查了下,本質上是oled的顯示原理,因為oled是自發光不需要背光,本身就可以做成透明的。

之前三星也有過這類透明顯示屏,但沒有這個效果好,顯示的時候也透明,背景會影響畫面。

松下這個顯示的時候背景幾乎看不到了,估計用到了他們另一個技術,就是可以通過電流控制透明度的一層膜。通電變透明,不通電透明度降低。

開機後給膜斷電,本質上就把玻璃變成顯示效果接近普通oled的面板了。

圖上中間那層

這個技術之前用在松下可變透明的投影幕牆上,估計應用到這次透明oled上了

暫時查不到這個透明oled的技術細節,所以這是我猜的..


松下的這個電視第一次亮相是在1月份的 CES 2016。只不過顯示效果沒這麼好...不能做到完全透明...看來這半年終於做出了一個不錯的demo,趕緊拿出來給大家看一下...

這次這個已經確定確實是OLED。

現在的狀態是prototype,not available in at least 3years, Cost unknown! 意思就是現在是個試驗品,大概2019年可以量產,成本未知...所以同學們,你們有三年時間攢錢...

LCD做透明顯示有兩個過不去的坎:一個是背光,需要導光板(磨砂)和反光板...一個是CF,殺光太厲害,只有特定波長光透過...

OLED其實本身就是半透明的,因為沒有背光,基板透明,陽極一般用ITO透明..陰極一般用Ag,本身不透光,然而厚度在100nm以下是半透明...不需要CF,只是加個偏光片...

我以前做過的顯示屏關態也可以看透...就是有點暗而且模糊...所以說能不能透明,應該是陰極材料厚度和電流(亮度)的trade off...至於他們用了什麼牛逼的材料/工藝之類的,達到這麼好的透明度...我就不知道了...

至於開態不透光...我沒做過,不好評價。不過以現有的技術不難實現...液晶就可以做到...

另外,最牛逼的是柔性顯示和透明顯示結合在一起...一般常見於各種概念機...效果大概就是一層可以看電視的塑料紙...或者說,理論上可以做出能顯示的 小雨衣...想想就excited...

有興趣可以看一下:

另外,OLED和LCD科普的話可以看我另一個答案:http://www.zhihu.com/question/22263252/answer/41226589;裡面廢話多請忽略...

At first glance, it looks like a glass pane in a sliding door, but with a push of a button or wave of a hand a television screen instantly appears.

Panasonic has been improving its transparent television since unveiling it at the Consumer Electronics Show, with the goal of making it completely invisible.

The firm swapped out the LED screen for an OLED and now when in transparent mode, the set is completely undetectable - allowing users to clearly see through it.

An OLED screen uses self-lighting pixels, while an LED uses a backlight to illuminate its pixels.

The Japanese electronic maker"s innovation was first seen at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) this past January in Las Vegas Nevada.

Not only has Panasonic created an invisible set, the firm also improved the image to where it is 『almost indistinguishable from existing televisions』.

The earlier prototype required a backlight to enhance the image on the screen but now, users can see a clear and bright picture without anything giving it a boost in the background.

To show off the improved model, the firm embedded the OLED screen, which is developed from fine mesh, into the glass sliding doors of a large entertainment center.

While not in use, consumers can see the vases and statues that sit behind it on the shelves.

The TV is still a prototype, and is unlikely to be available for at least three years, according to a Panasonic spokesperson. The cost is also unknown.

HOW TRANSPARENT SCREENS WORK

OLED (organic light-emitting diode) screens produce light when electricity is applied through them.

They are used to create digital displays in devices such as TV screens, computer monitors, portable systems, handheld game consoles and smartphones.

This material does not need a backlight and filters, unlike LCD displays, which makes them more efficient, easier to make and much thinner.

It also means that they have the option to become transparent.

An OLED panel is made up of a layer of plastic sandwiched between two electrodes - the cathode and anode - all deposited on a glass substrate.

When electricity is fed through the plastic, it emits light on its own, which is why no backlight is needed.

As the name suggests, transparent OLED screens are made up only of transparent components (cathode, anode and substrate).

When the panel is on, the self-illuminating pixels produce a picture, and when the screen is off, the components go back to being transparent.

The panel requires so little electricity that the panel can be incredibly thin, making it practically invisible.

Viewers looking at the "invisible" screen on Panasonic"s prototype up close would see that it is in fact a very fine grid.

OLEDs can also be designed to be more flexible and even rollable.

Source: OLED-info


原來就是透明oled,只不過看起來透過率蠻高,不過和之前三星的比,在量產實績上差很多。做原型機大家都可以,把這個做到成本可控的大規模量產才算本事。


這是OLED最大的一個好處

即相對於lcd來說,不需要背光即可發光

這樣一來,陽極和陰極均可允許製成透明材料

簡單來說,影響oled透明度主要在3塊: 陽極-發電層-陰極。陽極及陰極均屬導電層。發電層搞成透明很簡單,當年我用的是高分子聚合物,通電顯示影像,不通電基本就是透明的。現在實驗碰到的主要問題在於,導電層的製備無法完美達到透明度及導電率的平衡,或者說達到這種平衡付出的代價有點大

傳統的工藝是用ITO作為導電層,但是由於錫越來越少,且作為導電層效果還有待加強,故正在被替換中。

當年我在實驗室普遍採用的是銀納米管的金屬導電層,基本已成熟。雖然是金屬,但由於厚度基本在納米級別,故不影響。但顯而易見銀還是有點貴,大家都在積極嘗試用銅納米管來製備導電層,一旦成功那麼成本能夠進一步下降。當然其他材料也在研究當中。

實際上OLED達成圖上的效果難度不大,更大的問題還是在於壽命、亮度以及工業化。


這是OLED。不是液晶,液晶不是自發光,需要背光。


OLED發光我懂,但黑色的像素怎麼顯示的?


斯塔克電影里透明顯示器 透明手機難道就要問世了么?

不得不說,日本科技確實很發達很發達很發達。

預計19年上市這個電視,還能攢三年錢。

做成魚缸,放在客廳中間,酷。


個人猜測

一、透明顯示:oled顯示,不用解釋了吧

二、通電後背景變得不透明:背面有一層「液晶」,即兩張導電膜中間有液晶,導電膜上有取向劑。


推薦閱讀:

為什麼說液晶屏採用16:9的比例是為了降低成本與報廢率?

TAG:電視 | 顯示器 | LED | 液晶 | OLED |