人體細胞每七年會完全更新換代?

在很多地方都看到類似的說法,人體的細胞每七年就會完全更新換代,有科學依據嗎?


謝邀。

成年人體還是有很多細胞不會更新的,至少絕大部分neuron不會,成年人的neuron一般不regenerate。但有研究稱海馬區的neuron是會更新的。詳情可參考這個問題里的答案:為什麼神經細胞不可再生?

如@器器所說,成年女性的卵細胞其數目也是在青春期發育後就固定的,記憶里不會有更新。心肌細胞,雖然能觀測到更新,但其來源是現有的細胞而非幹細胞(Nature:成年哺乳動物心肌細胞的更新源自現有細胞而非幹細胞)。但脂肪細胞wiki中給了個鏈接號稱是有更新的。(https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E,"Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans" Kirsty L. Spalding, et al.Nature453 783-787, (2008))

身體別的細胞,比如表皮,上皮,紅細胞等等都有一定壽命,會由新分裂產生的細胞補充。比如紅細胞平均壽命大概120天左右,每時每刻,這些消耗品都是在新陳代謝的。

「It is widely accepted that self-renewal is a prominent feature of the epidermis, intestine, lung, blood and bone marrow, thymus, testis, uterus, and mammary gland (13, 63). There are also at least some data suggesting the occurrence of physiological cell turnover in the pancreas, kidney, cornea, prostate, bone, adipose tissue, heart, and brain (3, 11, 13, 30, 63, 81). Although the details of adult tissue dynamics remain obscure or controversial in many of these cases, it seems fair to conclude that human anatomy is far more dynamic than has previously been appreciated.

The rate of cell turnover varies widely between organs. For example, it has been estimated that the intestinal epithelium completely self-renews within about 5 days, whereas the epithelium in the lung takes up to 6 months to be replaced (13). Moreover, cell turnover is an ongoing process in most organs, but can sometimes occur in intermittent cycles. The mammary gland, for instance, exhibits cycles of growth and degeneration during the ovarian cycle as well as during pregnancy and weaning (44).」 From Cell Turnover and Adult Tissue Homeostasis: From Humans to Planarians

所以,人體有好些細胞確實是會更新換代,但是鑒於同樣有很多,而且往往是比較重要的細胞並不更新換代,所以,題主提到的說法至少是不嚴謹的吧,加個「大部分」應該會好些。當然,這種更新換代(adult tissue homeostasis)對於人體正常狀態是必不可少的。

而且,即使你支持這種說法,七年這個數字也是太大了,比如有興趣的可參考上面提到的review (Cell Turnover and Adult Tissue Homeostasis: From Humans to Planarians),「In humans, the magnitude of this flux is truly astounding—it has been estimated that each of us eradicates and, in parallel, generates a mass of cells equal to almost our entire body weight each year (89).」 (Reed JC. 1999. Dysregulation of apoptosis in cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 17:2941–53 [Medline][Web of Science ?])


完全更新是不可能的。學過高中生物就知道,腦和脊髓的神經細胞壽命基本上就約等於人的壽命(排除中風癱瘓後又恢復正常)。

其次,還有一個概率原理,比如一個細胞A分裂後成了細胞A和B,之後A和B的存活概率是等同的,也就是說,有可能B會比A先死,這樣的話,實際人體有可能存在超級細胞(他分裂分化的後代都比他壽命短,而他一直存活),儘管這個概率極低,但是由於人體細胞的數量足夠大,所有這種細胞也會存在。


這個是有這個說法,7年是一個人的期限,是進行更新換代的期限,是生物體對自身和環境做出一種調節。當然7年後你還是你自己,那是因為記憶並沒有刪除


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