性病最早是怎麼出現的?
可以以某種具體的疾病,比如梅毒,進行解說。
搬一下外國友人的回答,原文出處Sexually Transmitted Diseases: STD Origin, target cells, natural selection and evolution
Answer
Hi Ed,
STDs are yet another example of natural selection and evolution of the so called, "survival of the fit" brought down to the level of germs (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, etc.). As everything ages and matures through life (germs, animals, plants, etc.), our basic genetic material bound together as DNA and RNA also replicates. The amino acids that comprise DNA must also be reassembled and replicated, every time there is cell growth and repair. Exposure to random variation, mutation, radiation from outer space, antibiotics, other environmental influences, etc., influences cellular growth and how these amino acids are reassembled. This is an ongoing and natural process. If one germ changes in a way to promote it"s survival then it "wins out" over it"s competitors, and passes on it"s genetic material to it"s progeny (successive generations).
Some germs, like some animals and plants have evolved to enhance their survival in the environments they exist in. Desert plants and animals do not do well in temporate climates; it"s tough to keep a palm tree outside up north, or to keep tropical fish in artic waters, and so on. Many germs have adapted to their human and animal hosts as well. Over the course of many millions of generations (many bacteria may replicate once every 20 minutes, 3 generations per hour!) subtle influences promote or retard growth and subsequent replication of these germs and indeed, all cells that comprise life. These complicated processes guide whether germs live and thrive, or don"t, and include how germs move around with little microscopic appendages such as cilia, or flagella, or whether they "prefer" certain types of target cells (like the genital tract), what their nutritional requirements are, etc.
When antibiotics are used, they are frequently but not always successful in killing all the "bad" germs. The few that may survive may have a tiny bit of genetic variation that allows them to survive exposure to antibiotics, and they replicate to form antibiotic resistance. And if a person"s immune system isn"t able to get rid of the survivors, than that host may have ill health, continued infection, or death. It"s a complicated "dance" involving the germ with the host"s immune system and the ambient environment.
So some germ at some point existed, changed in a way to cause illness, and then spread from one host to another. At some point, the germs may have crossed from animals to humans through unfortunate encounters-- being bitten, eating undercooked meat, rats, insects or other vermin coming in contact with people, and diseases cross from one animal to another.
Hope this addresses your question, and drives your curiosity to learn more about how natural selection guides this entire process!
Good luck!--mark
很久以前,有個叫做哥倫布(哥!輪不?)的人,他平時尋花問柳,把西班牙的幾女幾乎玩了個底朝天,也就是說,該玩的都玩過了。覺得實在是沒有意思。於是,他想,會不會在很遠的地方,有不一樣的女人呢?不知道她們的喜好和深淺如何。於是,他就寫信給西班牙王室,說,給我一些錢吧,我要給你帶回來一些你沒見過的女人。於是,西班牙王室的淫魔就給了他一筆錢。
但是聽說要下海,很多人都不去,招不到工。~ 666
他就去監獄,說,把這幾個死刑犯的丁丁給我割下來!那幾個人嚇傻了。他又說,如果跟我去航海,就可以不割掉丁丁。
於是,300多人的隊伍,就浩浩蕩蕩地出發了。
航海需要很久很久,這麼多人很無聊,就舉行賞菊大會。如果菊花不好看,就要用刀子割開。這個故事後來寫了一本書叫做《菊花與刀》。
航海一路上很艱辛,他們帶的蔬菜都吃光了,這時候,沒有肉吃,就很難受。於是,他們玩起了殺人遊戲。死掉的人,就被做成《人肉叉燒包》,有了肉食,這些人終於抵達了新大陸。
300人的隊伍,登錄到美洲,只剩下100多人。這些人見到美洲的姑娘,就產生了邪念。後來他們發現,美洲的姑娘不一樣。山洞旁邊有菜花。
後來,他們這群淫賊,帶著美洲的女人,又回到了歐洲。
從此,日不落帝國的文明開始了。
~ 666
其實性病最早也是因為梅毒而慢慢發展起來的,但是關於梅毒的起源和傳播有很多爭執。
據西方學者認為,梅毒最初出現於美洲。1492年,航海家哥倫布的水手們從美洲把梅毒帶回了西班牙,一年後又傳至法國、德國和瑞士,1496年出現在荷蘭和希臘,隔年英格蘭和蘇格蘭亦有病例,1499年漫延至匈牙利、波蘭和俄國。結果,梅毒橫掃歐洲,死亡人數超過一千萬,梅毒被稱為「美洲大陸的復仇」。早期的安全套因而出現,用於防止性病傳播。
1495年梅毒在那不勒斯爆發流行,又稱「那不勒斯病」,這一年法國統治者的查理八世為了收復那不勒斯王國,發動的入侵義大利戰爭,那不勒斯被圍困,城內的婦女和妓女被趕出城,遭到法國士兵強姦,法國士兵迅速的感染並傳播梅毒,那不勒斯成了梅毒流動的場所,費爾南多在日記中稱之為「法國人病」,故梅毒又有此別稱。在其他地方,法國人稱之為「義大利病」或「那不勒斯病」、「西班牙病」,阿拉伯人稱為「基督徒病」,大溪地則稱為「英國人病」。
1530年,義大利維羅那的醫生兼詩人弗萊卡斯特羅(Girolamo Fracastoro)發表了《西菲利斯:高盧病》(Syphilis,sive Morbus Gallicus)一韻文詩,詩中主人翁是一位名叫西菲力士(Syphilus)的牧羊人[2],患有高盧病(morbus gallicus),是一種性病。有人認為可能是第一位患有梅毒的人,於是便把這種疾病叫做 Syphilus。
16世紀以前,中國尚無梅毒的記載,西班牙人和葡萄牙人把梅毒傳播到了亞洲。1498年,梅毒出現於印度。大約於1505年,梅毒由印度傳入大陸廣東嶺南一帶,當時稱「廣東瘡」、「楊梅瘡」,此後梅毒向內陸傳播。陳司成著《霉瘡秘錄》被認為是中國第一部論述梅毒最詳盡的專著,明代李時珍著《本草綱目》詳細記載了梅毒流行情況。
1636年,陳司成在《霉瘡秘錄》一書記載如下:「獨見霉瘡一症,往往外治無法,細觀經書,古未言及,究其根源,始於舞會之未,起於嶺南之地,致使蔓延通國,流禍甚廣」,「一感其毒,酷烈匪常……」,「入髓淪肌,流經走絡,或攻臟腑,或尋孔竅……,始生下疳繼而骨痛,眉發脫落,甚則目盲,耳閉」。「甚則傳染妻孥,喪身絕良,移患於子女。」梅毒還可以由母親通過胎盤血液傳給胎兒,從而導致早產、死亡、或娩出先天梅毒嬰兒。
近幾年,性病有加重的趨勢,如梅毒。以前我們聲稱已經消滅了梅毒,但是現在門診上或者住院患者中發現的梅毒越來越來。而且,梅毒的臨床表現出現了變異。因為一部分梅毒感染後可以不表現為癥狀或者輕微的癥狀,現在一些晚期梅毒患者多是因為心臟疾病而發現。
參考維基百科,有修改。看過一種報道,性病本沒有!
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