躁鬱症和循環性情感症之間的關係？

今天認識到了躁鬱症（bipolar）和循環性精神失調（cyclothymia)。我暫時理解的是cyclothymia屬於在bipolar範圍底下癥狀比較輕的邊緣，易發生於年輕人。我想問正常人青春期不應該都比較焦躁嗎，如何區分cyclothymia和puberty?有沒有用藥治療的必要性？有人能詳細解答就再好不過了。

包含的關係吧~~

Types of bipolar disorder

There are two main types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I (『bipolar one』) and bipolar II (『bipolar two』). An additional form of bipolar disorder is cyclothymia, which is a milder version of the disorder.

Bipolar I

A person with bipolar I disorder will have had at least one episode of mania. Usually the mania is so severe that they will need admission to hospital to keep them safe. They will usually have experienced depression at some time as well.

Bipolar II

A person with bipolar II disorder will have had at least one episode of hypomania (the less severe form of mania) as well as an episode of depression. Depressive episodes can be severe and the uncertain mood that individuals experience can have a major effect on their lives.

Cyclothymia

A person with cyclothymia (or cyclothymic disorder) experiences changes in mood that are less severe than those in bipolar I or II. Even though the symptoms may be less severe, it can have a significant impact on an individual』s functioning.

躁鬱症（雙相情感障礙）的分類
躁鬱症一共有兩種嚴重的類型：雙相情感障礙I型，雙相情感障礙II型。另外一種輕度的躁鬱症類型是循環性情感症。

雙相情感障礙I型
至少一次躁狂期。通常這種躁狂癥狀非常嚴重以致使這些人需要去醫院來保證他們安全（不做出傻事吧）。通常他們也曾經經歷過抑鬱癥狀。

雙相情感障礙II型
至少一次輕度躁狂期。（就是沒有躁狂癥狀那麼嚴重的躁狂症.......）也需要至少經歷過一次抑鬱期。抑鬱期很嚴重，甚至於嚴重到威脅患者的生命。

循環性情感症

這些患者經歷的癥狀會比 雙相情感障礙I型 和 雙相情感障礙II型 都輕微。雖然癥狀輕了，但是可能會嚴重影響到個人的日常生活。（就是變得不正常了吧。。。翻譯成正常功能嗎...看起來好奇怪的樣子。）

————————————————————————————————————

————————————————————————————————————

Ups and downs or changes in mood are normal and generally don』t cause too many problems. If you have mood changes that are more severe than normal, last more than a few days, or lead to changes in your behaviour then it』s important to talk to someone and get help.

大概cyclothymia比起puberty的特點就是，情緒會突然很高漲到不合理的地步，或者是低落到不合理的地步（雖然沒有另外兩種雙相情感障礙那麼嚴重）。青春期再怎麼樣情緒也是合理的吧（沒有跳出邊緣）~~~ 頂多有些叛逆。而且cyclothymia不只是出現在青春期~~~

還有一點就是，大概cyclothymia的患者清楚自己處於情緒不正常的狀態。但是無能為力....... 我知道我不應該這麼開心，但是我就是很開心.......囧......我知道我不應該這麼興奮，但是我就是很興奮......我想要讓我的大腦停止思考，但是我停止不了......於是自己對於自己很興奮這件事情是很恐懼的，自己對於自己異常開心這件事情是很恐懼的，但是，無能為力啊~~~（輕度躁狂時期患者的內心世界。貌似輕度抑鬱期沒有這種意識，我猜的，不開心哪有什麼道理可以講的嘛。）

puberty不會有這樣的經歷吧。。。。

然後咧

A proper diagnosis from a health professional, a local general practitioner (GP) or a psychiatrist is important for you to get the right treatment.

還是要尋求專家的意見的。

然後用不用藥也是諮詢專家吧~~~

還有如何區分就是根據下面的這些癥狀吧，正常的青春期應該沒這麼典型...

What is a manic episode?

A manic episode is a period of constant and unusually elevated (『high』) or irritable mood and a noticeable increase in energy or activity. This generally lasts at least one week and leads to a range of difficulties in a person』s daily life.

When someone is having a manic episode they may experience a combination of:

• Elevated mood – feeling euphoric, 『high』 or 『on top of the world』, or very irritable
• Less need for sleep – sleeping very little without feeling tired
• More energy, activity and drive – having lots of projects or plans, walking long distances, being always 『on the go』
• Racing thoughts and rapid speech – thoughts jumping around from topic to topic, speech that is difficult for others to follow
• Being disinhibited – engaging in high-risk behaviours that are out of character and potentially harmful, including sexual risk-taking, driving too fast, abusing alcohol or other drugs, or spending large amounts of money
• Inflated self-esteem – ranging from uncritical self-confidence to grandiose beliefs (e.g. believing they have special powers or talents)
• Psychotic symptoms – not being in touch with reality and having hallucinations, delusional ideas, or disorganised thinking and speech

Whether these experiences are pleasant or frightening some people may be reluctant to get help. They may not believe that they are unwell or that they need treatment. They may also be feeling very suspicious and/or confused, making it hard for them to trust others.

What is a hypomanic episode?

A hypomanic episode is a milder form of mania that lasts for at least four days.

The symptoms are less severe and there are no psychotic symptoms. Hypomanic episodes may be enjoyable as the person can experience more confidence and an elevated mood. Some people will manage to keep functioning without any significant difficulties but others will progress to experience a full manic episode. Even if hypomanic symptoms are not distressing it is important to let a mental health professional know about them.

What is a depressive episode?

A depressive episode is a period of lowered mood, with changes in thinking and behaviour that lasts for at least two weeks.

• Typical symptoms of depression include:
• Feeling in a low mood - sadness, irritability, tearfulness
• Losing interest in enjoyable activities
• Changes in appetite and weight – eating more or less than usual, gaining or losing weight rapidly
• Changes in sleeping patterns – trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping much more than usual
• Lowered energy and lack of motivation
• Feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness
• Poor concentration and memory problems
• Thoughts about suicide

Reference：