為何有人喜歡將外文翻譯成文言文?

看了很多知乎上#翻譯#話題里說翻譯的很美的例子,有很大一部分是將英文(或外文)翻譯成古文的,有時候是很美,有時候是真的感覺不搭調……想問問大家怎麼看?


因為古風文化的流行帶動了一幫毫無文言基礎和文字審美能力的跟風群眾。

許多所謂的文言翻譯就是逐字逐詞地把現代漢語換成文言辭彙,比如「我」換成「吾」、「你」換成「汝」。

他們對於虛詞活用、介詞後置、雙重否定等各種文言文的常見表達方式一竅不通。

還有各種用典也是迷。

就拿四言詩來說,四言詩在中小學課本上出現的頻率不及五言七言,同時創作的門檻也較低。把《詩經》種的各種意象無腦拼在一起,就能成為一首看似有模有樣的四言,大部分人其實根本就看不懂寫的是什麼,只是掃了一眼,在半懂不懂之間隱隱覺得有一種陌生化的美感,因而四言詩也是翻譯的重災區。


以上是網上非常火的一篇歌詞,第一眼望上去似乎翻譯者文采很好的樣子,細看之下...作者的古文水平我就不說了,我本人古文學得也不算好,單說翻譯,最基本的「信」「達」都沒做到。我身邊不少自稱文藝青年的人在看到這篇歌詞時都表示對作者十分佩服。其實吧,大眾的古文水平水平擺在那,平時古文見的少,基本上只要帶點古風的東西都會被當成有文采,而用通俗常見的白話文卻必須要達到一定水平才能脫穎而出。


這個很嚴肅地來說,是單純地為了裝逼。


評論區的你們也是夠了!今下午我腦子了一直在循環著喊麥版,搞得我考試時都在笑!
—————————————————————————


冷耍樂隊《Viva la Vida》的文言翻譯堪稱教科書級的反面教材!(評論區有人說《counting stars》的翻譯也很......但我還是覺得比不上這個)

先看正常的翻譯,翻譯得非常好:


I used to rule the world
大千世界曾由我主宰
Seas would rise when I gave the word
巨浪也曾因我之命澎湃
Now in the morning I sleep alone
而今我卻在黎明獨自入眠
Sweep the streets I used to own
在曾屬於我的大道落寞徘徊
I used to roll the dice
凡人生死曾由我主宰
Feel the fear in my enemy"s eyes
盡情品味驚恐在死敵瞳孔綻開
Listen as the crowd would sing:
欣然傾聽百姓高歌喝彩:
"Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!" 「先王亡矣!新王萬代!」
One minute I held the key
此刻我手握權位經脈
Next the walls were closed on me
轉瞬才知宮牆深似海
And I discovered that my castles stand
恍然發現我的城池
Upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
基底散如鹽沙亂似塵埃
I hear Jerusalem bells a ringing
聽那耶路撒冷鐘聲傳來
Roman Cavalry choirs are singing
羅馬騎兵歌聲震徹山海
Be my mirror my sword and shield
擔當我的明鏡,利劍和盾牌
My missionaries in a foreign field
我的傳教士屹立邊疆之外
For some reason I can"t explain
只因一些緣由我無法釋懷
Once you go there was never,
一旦你離開這裡便不再,
never an honest word
不再有逆耳忠言存在
That was when I ruled the world
而這便是我統治的時代
It was the wicked and wild wind
凜冽邪風呼嘯襲來
Blew down the doors to let me in
吹散重門使我深陷陰霾
Shattered windows and the sound of drums 斷壁殘垣禮崩樂壞
People couldn"t believe what I"d become
世人不敢相信我已當年不再
Revolutionaries wait
起義大軍翹首期待
For my head on a silver plate
有朝一日我站上斷頭台
Just a puppet on a lonely string
恰如傀儡隨吊線寂寞搖擺
Oh who would ever want to be king?
悲哉,誰又曾渴望萬人膜拜?
It was the wicked and wild wind
凜冽邪風呼嘯襲來
Blew down the doors to let me in
吹散重門使我深陷陰霾
Shattered windows and the sound of drums 斷壁殘垣禮崩樂壞
People couldn"t believe what I"d become
世人不敢相信我已當年不再
For some reason I can"t explain
只因一些緣由我無法釋懷
I know Saint Peter won"t call my name
我亦知天堂之門不會為我敞開
Never an honest word
不再有逆耳忠言存在
But that was when I ruled the world
但這卻是我統治的時代
I used to rule the world

再看文言版:


昔日萬邦孤為王
Seas would rise when I gave the word
四海沉浮吾獨斷
Now in the morning I sleep alone
今朝悚悟廣寒中
Sweep the streets I used to own
煢煢孑立如孤魂
I used to roll the dice
昔日生殺吾人掌
Feel the fear in my enemy"s eyes
談笑聲中梟敵首
Listen as the crowd would sing:
略聽草民高聲贊
"Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!"
成王敗寇皆正義!
One minute I held the key
黃袍加身掌權柄-
Next the walls were closed on me
萬丈高牆孤自囚
And I discovered that my castles stand
枉有阿房三千里
Upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
根如酥鹽碎沙礫
I hear Jerusalem bells are ringing
聖城鐘聲驚孤魂
Roman Cavalry choirs are singing
驍騎戰歌譏吾行
Be my mirror my sword and shield
諍友忠諫與勇將
My missionaries in a foreign field
旨諭番邦諸王知!
For some reason I can"t explain
天子寂然事終焉
Once you go there was never,never an honest word
君可知?為王稱孤,絕盡諍言終愚己
That was when I ruled the world
此誠寡人為王一世鑒
It was the wicked and wild wind
滾滾紅塵-如浪潮
Blew down the doors to let me in
寡人逐流如朽竹
Shattered windows and the sound of drums
賊逆兵禍百業零
People couldn"t believe what I"d become
世人皆驚英雄歿
Revolutionaries wait
弒君志士皆翹首
For my head on a silver plate
血祭孤首謝干支
Just a puppet on a lonely string
如若傀儡隨弦舞
Oh who would ever want to be king?
誰願稱王百年孤
I hear Jerusalem bells are ringing
聖城鐘聲驚孤魂
Roman Cavalry choirs are singing
驍騎戰歌譏吾行-
Be my mirror my sword and shield
諍友忠諫與勇將
My missionaries in a foreign field
旨諭番邦諸王知:
For some reason I can"t explain
天子寂然事終焉
I know Saint Peter won"t call my name
聖人離棄吾自知
Never an honest word
絕盡諍言終愚己
But that was when I ruled the world
此誠寡人為王一世鑒

典故掌握的挺多的,然而除了這點之外其他簡直是辣眼睛,英文本意沒搞明白,文言文也沒學好,就看這一句:

【"Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!"成王敗寇皆正義!】

woc,這翻譯的是啥?先不說原文里那個典故沒見影子,這本意也在亂翻譯?

反正我是不太喜歡這種形式,畫虎不成反類犬,與彈幕里某些辣眼睛的文藝空耳有一拼,除了取悅自己之外別無用處,怕是「信達雅」三個字的意思完全理解錯了。只能說大眾古文能力有限,不明覺厲而已

要是自己玩玩還好,只怕拿出來非要大家交口稱讚就不妥了


因為稍微懂現代漢語,知道寫出來難看,不是很懂文言,所以寫出來不至於害臊。


他們不明白「信達雅」的「雅」是指「符合原文語言風格」。他們以為那指的是「雅緻」。

其實他們譯得也不雅緻,很多強行翻譯成文言文的歌詞都蠢得要死,強行拽詞,強行詩經體,強行楚辭體,極其尷尬。

翻譯確實也是創作,但要尊重原文,如果原文是比較古舊的語言,用半文半白其實還能接受。如果人家是明明白白的日常口語,那就老老實實地把它譯成日常口語。「you son of bitch」就老老實實譯成「你個狗娘養的」,不要搞什麼「非人哉」了。

————
感謝評論區@小梁 指正,最初「信達雅」中「雅」的含義應是「雅言」,即合乎規範的通用語。


謝 @洋蔥頭 邀。
其實在大學的時候為了語言優美,多少有一些喜歡四字啦、對賬啦,所謂信達雅的雅是也。
然鵝……有些同學在沒有很高古文素養的情況下非要往上靠,結果畫虎不成反類犬。
比如說吧,我們文體與翻譯第一篇作業是freedom of fly,有人附庸風雅,翻譯為:
蠅之由。
額……
一種王之啊!!!的感覺油然而生。


看到這個問題我突然想起了某姨翻譯的休謨的《英國史》…高中年少無知尚不知道阿姨是誰…買了一本回來,結果翻了幾面就不想再看了。。。文白夾雜,牽強附會,可謂不信,不達,不雅。


寫個翻譯成古文特別好的吧,上世紀著名翻譯家魏易的版本(??????) ?

《雙城記》開頭:
時之聖者也,時之凶者也。
此亦蒙昧世,此亦智慧世。
此亦光明時節,此亦黯淡時節。
此亦篤信之年,此亦大惑之年。
此亦多麗之陽春,此亦絕念之窮冬。
人或萬物具備,
人或一事無成。
我輩其青雲直上,
我輩其黃泉永墜。
當時有識之士咸謂人間善惡
或臻至極,亦必事有所本,勢無可綰。
但居之習之可也。

至於為什麼很多人喜歡把英語翻譯成無病呻吟的古文,多半是真的喜歡古文,然而ability跟不上zhuangbility。


我覺得【把外文翻譯成古文】這種事與其說是【翻譯】,倒不如說是【翻譯再創作】。翻譯首先就講究【信】,就是要把原文忠實地用中文還原出來,也不隨便增添或削去內容,更不能偏離作者的原意。現在常見到把英文歌詞改寫成七言詩之類的,為了照顧形式,腦補出來一些東西填進去;或者採用很多中國文學才有的意象,完全不考慮原作的文化背景。這不是翻譯,這是改寫,是翻譯再創作,或者中國風同人。

雖然很多這種翻譯再創作都讓人看了臉酸,但是只要作者承認這是外語詩歌/歌詞的中國風翻譯再創作,不是真正的翻譯,那我覺得也沒啥大不了的。誰還沒有個中二/賣弄寫作技巧/玩梗的心啊。但是如果作者一口咬定這是翻譯,還拿出【信達雅】說事兒的話,這就不行了。這樣的話讀者會被誤導,會讓他們對【翻譯】的認識出現偏差的。是要負責任的。


文學翻譯的觀念差異。有人就喜歡這麼譯,有人就喜歡這樣讀這樣的翻譯作品。錢鍾書就非常欣賞黃克孫用七絕翻譯的《魯拜集》。

不過對於普通人來說,別說干翻譯這種戴著枷鎖跳舞的活,就是寫半文半白的句子,也容易暴露文學素養,讓人尷尬。我拿自己舉個例子:https://www.zhihu.com/question/55676353/answer/145908290

另外,我建議水平一般的網文寫手寫古言的時候,盡量不要用文言文寫「聖旨」、「奏摺」、「史書記載」的內容。直接用白話文說說意思行了。

也少讓主角配角「吟詩」。因為一牽扯到「詩」的內容,有的寫手直接引用名家的詩詞(主角是穿越的我還能接受,不是穿越的,還把李白等人的詩安在主角頭上,我有點囧);有的引用較偏門的古人詩詞或者把古人的古詩改改再用;還有人直接自己上手寫(勇氣可嘉,然而。。)

《魯拜集》的主要譯本簡表:

《魯拜集》黃克孫譯本
1
Wake! For the Sun, who scattered into flight
The Stars before him from the Field of Night,
Drives Night along with them from Heav"n, and strikes
The Sultán"s Turret with a Shaft of Light.
醒醒遊仙夢裡人,
殘星幾點已西沉。
羲和駿馬鬃如火,
紅到蘇丹塔上雲。
2
Before the phantom of False morning died,
Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,
"When all the Temple is prepared within,
Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"
一抹朝暾染四埵,
隔門客舍語依稀:
『生涯莫放金尊懶,
人易凋零酒易晞』。
3
And, as the Cock crew, those who stood before
The Tavern shouted — "Open then the Door!
You know how little while we have to stay,
And, once departed, may return no more. "
晨雞一唱起南柯,
門外羈人擊節歌:
『大地蒼天原逆旅,
怱怱客歲已無多』。
4
Now the New Year reviving old Desires,
The thoughtful Soul to Solitude retires,
Where the white hand of Moses on the Bough
Puts out, and Jesus from the Ground suspires.
東風吹醒夢中人,
碧野平蕪物又新。
摩世手伸千樹白,
耶穌氣吐一山春。
註:摩世(Moses)。可蘭經雲摩西手白如雪,故借喩白花。
耶穌(Jesus)。據回敎傳說,耶穌氣息,能撫愈創傷。
5
Iram indeed is gone with all its Rose
And Jamshyd"s Seven-ring"d Cup where no one knows;
But still a Ruby kindles in the Vine,
And many a Garden by the Water blows.
沉沉消息七環杯,
伊覽芳華盡劫灰。
唯有野花紅似昔,
年年爭向水邊開。
註:七環杯。古波斯王Jamshyd有七環杯,以象七天、七星、七海。杯中常盛不死葯。
伊覽(Iram)。古波斯名城,現已埋沒土下。
6
And David"s Lips are lockt; but in divine
High-piping Pehlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That sallow cheek of hers to" incarnadine.
繞樑音絕歌人渺,
猶有啼鵑格調高。
酒酒連聲玫瑰酒,
欲將雙頰染櫻桃。
註:歌人。指古波斯名歌者David。
7
Come, fill the Cup, and in the Fire of Spring
Your Winter-garment of Repentance fling:
The Bird of Time has but a little way
To flutter — and the Bird is on the Wing.
春火珠紅酒里天,
心中塊壘碎尊前。
白駒此去無多路,
歲月無情已著鞭。
8
Whether at Naishápúr or Babylon,
Whether the Cup with sweet of bitter run,
The Wine of Life keeps oozing drop by drop,
The Leaves of Life keep falling one by one.
不問淸瓢與濁瓢,
不分寒食與花朝。
酒泉歲月涓涓盡,
楓樹生涯葉葉飄。
9
Each Morn a thousand Roses brings, you say;
Yes, but where leaves the Rose of Yesterday?
And this first Summer month that brings the Rose
Shall take Jamshyd and Kaikobád away.
聞道新紅又吐葩,
昨宵玫瑰落誰家。
瀟瀟風信瀟瀟雨,
帶得花來又葬花。
10
Well, let it take them! What have we to do
With Kaikobád the Great, or Kaikhosrú?
Let Zál and Rustum bluster as they will,
Or Hátim call to Supper — heed not you.
汨羅江水傷心碧,
銅雀台花寂寞紅。
醉眼只宜看白日,
干卿底事哭英雄。
11
With me along the strip of Herbage strown
That just divides the desert from the sown,
Where name of Slave and Sultan is forgot—
And Peace to Mahmúd on his golden Throne!
平蕪攜手看黃沙,
牧草靑靑瀚海涯。
白屋朱袍渾不認,
羲皇榻上是吾家。
12
A Book of Verses underneath the Bough,
A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread — and Thou
Beside me singing in the Wilderness —
Oh, Wilderness were Paradise enow!
一簞疏食一壺漿,
一卷詩書樹下涼。
卿為阿儂歌瀚海,
茫茫瀚海即天堂。
13
Some for the Glories of This World; and some
Sigh for the Prophet"s Paradise to come;
Ah, take the Cash, and let the Credit go.
Nor heed the rumble of a distant Drum!
三生事業盡朦朧,
一世浮華總落空。
今日有錢須買醉,
鼓聲山外任隆隆。
註:鼓聲。喩遙遠渺茫事。
14
Look to the blowing Rose about us — "Lo,
Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,
At once the silken tassel of my Purse
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw."
玫瑰周遭向我開,
嫣然淺笑更低徊:
『看儂一解柔絲蕾,
紅向千園萬圃來。』
15
And those who husbanded the Golden Grain,
And those who flung it to the Winds like rain,
Alike to no such aureate Earth are turn"d
As, buried once, Men want dug up again.
一杯濁酒無餘恨,
死去誰憐金玉櫬。
但見明珠出土來,
凄涼白骨無人問。
16
The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon
Turns Ashes — or it prospers; and anon,
Like Snow upon the Desert"s dusty Face
Lighting a little Hour or two — is gone.
富貴當年想石崇,
銀鞍金絡氣如虹。
可憐雪落平沙里,
曾幾何時日又中。
17
Think, in this batter"d Caravanserai
Whose Portals are alternate Night and Day,
How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp
Abode his destined Hour, and went his way.
乾坤寥落一穹廬,
日夜循環起太初。
多少英雄來複去,
錦衣華蓋盡同途。
18
They say the Lion and the Lizard keep
The Courts where Jamshyd gloried and drank deep;
And Bahram, that great hunter — the Wild Ass
Stamps o"er his Head, but cannot break his Sleep.
華表丹墀一例空,
荒涼台榭走蛇蟲。
虎蹤今遍英雄墓,
無復驚聞李廣弓。
19
I sometimes think that never blows so red
The Rose as where some buried Coesar bled;
That every Hyacinth the Garden wears
Dropt in her Lap from some once lovely Head.
紅花底事紅如此,
想是萇弘血里開。
一地落英愁欲語:
『當年曾伴美人來。』
20
And this reviving Herb whose tender Green
Fledges the River-Lip on which we lean —
Ah, lean upon it lightly; for who knows
From what once lovely Lip it springs unseen!
芳茵綠遍淸江外,
弱草嬌柔人慾采。
寄語行人莫損傷,
離離草下知誰在。
21
Ah, my Belovéd, fill the Cup that clears
To-day of past Regrets and future Fears —
To-morrow? — Why, To-morrow I may be
Myself with Yesterday"s Sev"n Thousand Years.
為卿斟酒洗塵緣,
莫問明朝事渺然。
我便明朝歸去也,
相隨昨日七千年。
22
For some we loved, the loveliest and the best
That from his Vintage rolling Time hath prest,
Have drunk their Cup a Round or two before,
And one by one crept silently to Rest.
舊日湖山同醉客,
只今寥落已無多。
幾杯飮罷魂銷盡,
一一生涯酒里過。
23
And we, that now make merry in the Room
They left, and Summer dresses in new Bloom,
Ourselves must we beneath the couch of Earth
Descend, ourselves to make a couch — for whom?
醉眠陵上草芊芊,
草下長埋古聖賢。
借問他年陵上客,
阿誰枕我骨頭眠。
24
Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend,
Before we too into the Dust descend;
Dust into Dust, and under Dust, to lie,
Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and — sans End!
時恐秋霜零草莽,
韶華一旦隨花葬。
微塵身世化微塵,
無酒無歌無夢想。
25
Alike for those who for To-day prepare,
And those that after some To-morrow stare,
A Muezzin from the Tower of Darkness cries
"Fools! your Reward is neither Here nor There!"
飯顆山頭飯顆生,
蓮花燈下蓮花起。
忽聞棒喝一聲來:
『道不在斯不在彼。』
26
Why, all the Saints and Sages who discuss"d
Of the Two Worlds so wisely — they are thrust
Like foolish Prophets forth; their words to scorn
Are scatter"d, and their Mouths are stopt with Dust.
地獄天堂說未眞,
恆恆賢哲幾多人。
玲瓏妙口今安在,
三尺泥中不復聞。
27
Myself when young did eagerly frequent
Doctor and Saint, and heard great Argument
About it and about: but evermore
Came out by the same door where in I went.
少年執麈好談玄,
鄒子雕龍衍子天。
猶是野狐心未悟,
金函不學學逃禪。
28
With them the Seed of Wisdom did I sow,
And with mine own hand wrought to make it grow
And this was all the Harvest that I reap"d —
"I came like Water, and like Wind I go. "
辜負高人細解蒙,
希夷妙道未能通。
此心本似無根草,
來是行雲去是風。
29
Into this Universe, and Why not knowing,
Nor Whence, like Water willy-nilly flowing:
And out of it, as Wind along the Waste,
I know not Whiter willy-nilly blowing.
渾噩生來非自宰,
生來天地又何之。
蒼茫野水流無意,
流到何方水不知。
30
What, without asking, hither hurried Whence?
And, without asking, Whither hurried hence!
Oh, many a Cup of this forbidden Wine
Must drown the memory of that insolence!
生本無因死亦空,
前身後世影朦朧。
何如十斛蘭陵酒,
世界微塵一醉中。
31
Up from Earth"s Centre through the Seventh Gate
I rose, and on the Throne of Saturn sate,
And many a Knot unravel"d by the Road;
But not the Master-knot of Human Fate.
騎鶴神遊阿母台,
七重天闕拂雲來。
玉皇仙籍偷觀盡,
司命天書揭不開。
32
There was the door to which I found no Key;
There was the Veil through which I might not see:
Some little Talk awhile of Me and Thee
There was — and then no more of Thee and Me.
太極莊嚴門矗立,
穀神縹緲帳深垂。
微聞玉鎖初開日,
度得紅塵一客歸。
33
Earth could not answer; nor the Seas that mourn
In flowing Purple, of their Lord forlorn;
Nor rolling Heaven, with all his Signs reveal"d
And hidden by the sleeve of Night and Morn.
遍訪乾坤總惘然,
天垂日月寂無言。
海濤悲涌深藍色,
不答凡夫問太玄。
34
Then of the Thee in Me who works behind
The Veil, I lifted up my hands to find
A Lamp amid the Darkness; and I heard,
As from Without — "The Me within Thee blind!"
聞道天人原合一,
微機分寸自能參。
如何緣業憑天結,
天道恢恢不可探。
35
Then to the lip of this poor earthen Urn
I lean"d, the Secret of my Life to learn:
And Lip to Lip it murmur"d — "While you live
Drink! — for once dead you never shall return."
紅泥酒爵在唇邊,
欲問前緣與後緣。
酒爵多情低語我:
『且將陶醉換華年。』
36
I think the Vessel, that with fugitive
Articulation answer"d, once did live,
And drink; and Ah! the passive Lip I kiss"d,
How many Kisses might it take — and give!
醉向冰壺問短長,
冰壺前世是劉郞。
試看此日壺唇上,
多少脂痕漬粉香。
37
For I remember stopping by the way
To watch a Potter thumping his wet Clay:
And with its all-obliterated Tongue
It murmur"d — "Gently, Brother, gently, pray!"
南山采土冶為甌,
土語啾啾說不休:
『我亦當年塵上客,
勞君雕琢要溫柔。』
38
And has not such a Story from of Old
Down Man"s successive generations roll"d
Of such a clod of saturated Earth
Cast by the Maker into Human mould?
不聞野老瓜棚下,
捫虱荒唐說鬼狐。
見說天公能造化,
揑成骨肉自泥塗。
39
And not a drop that from our Cups we throw
For Earth to drink of, but may steal below
To quench the fire of Anguish in some Eye
There hidden — far beneath, and long ago.
獨對山川高酌罷,
臨風細細酹余觴。
遙知幾滴馨香酒,
必有泥中醉鬼嘗。
40
As then the Tulip for her morning sup
Of Heav"nly Vintage from the soil looks up,
Do you devoutly do the like, till Heav"n
To Earth invert you — like an empty Cup.
鬱金花瓣朝天舞,
好趁晨風醉甘露。
日易盈昃露易晞,
空垂殘萼傷遲暮。
41
Perplext no more with Human or Divine,
To-morrow"s tangle to the winds resign,
And lose your fingers in the tresses of
The Cypress-slender Minister of Wine.
成佛成仙渺果因,
明朝身世付煙雲。
攜壺浪跡山林上,
翠柏蒼松供酒神。
42
And if the Wine you drink, the Lip you press,
End in what All begins and ends in — Yes;
Think then you are To-day what Yesterday
You were — To-morrow you shall not be less.
綠酒朱唇空過眼,
微塵原自化微塵。
今朝我即明朝我,
昨日身猶此日身。
43
So when that Angel of the darker Drink
At last shall find you by the river-brink,
And, offering his Cup, invite your Soul
Forth to your Lips to quaff — you shall not shrink.
茫茫天地有筵台,
司命高持黑酒杯。
酒過數巡應到我,
欣然盡飮莫徘徊。
44
Why, if the Soul can fling the Dust aside,
And naked on the Air of Heaven ride,
Were"t not a Shame — were"t not a Shame for him
In this clay carcase crippled to abide?
一朝蟬蛻余軀殼,
魂魄悠悠歸碧落。
低首煙寰應自羞,
幾年為此皮囊縛。
45
"Tis but a Tent where takes his one day"s rest
A Sultan to the realm of Death addrest;
The Sultan rises, and the dark Ferrásh
Strikes, and prepares it for another Guest.
皮囊甲帳駐蘇丹,
明日蘇丹又西作。
寥落穹廬野火中,
蘇丹駿馬飛沙漠。
46
And fear not lest Existence closing your
Account, and mine, should know the like no more;
The Eternal Sáki from that Bowl has pour"d
Millions of Bubbles like us, and will pour.
人來人去千秋事,
水瀉危崖泡沫輕。
泡沫剎那倶幻滅,
華嚴瀑布永奔騰。
47
When You and I behind the Veil are past,
Oh, but the long, long while the World shall last,
Which of our Coming and Departure heeds
As the Sea"s self should heed a pebble-cast.
一入重幃客渺然,
無情天地自綿綿。
浮萍幾點隨波去,
不改蒼茫海色玄。
註:重幃。據波斯傳說,天堂有重幃,上帝高坐其後。
48
A Moment"s Halt — a momentary taste
Of being from the Well amid the Waste —
And Lo! — the phantom Caravan has reach"d
The Nothing it set out from — Oh, make haste!
平沙萬里踄明駝,
尋得甘泉且放歌。
莫問遠鄉多少路,
遠鄉遙指是亡何。
49
Would you that spangle of Existence spend
About the secret — quick about it, Friend!
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True —
And upon what, prithee, may life depend?
儒者登壇墨者逃,
由來眞偽爽毫毛。
一生一死尋常事,
誰把天心示我曹。
50
A Hair perhaps divides the False and True;
Yes; and a single Alif were the Clue —
Could you but find it — to the Treasure-house,
and peradventure to The Master too;
眞偽由來爽一絲,
元眞故故在希夷。
憑君參盡人天理,
得見天心未可知。
51
Whose secret Presence, through Creation"s veins
Running Quicksilver-like eludes your pains;
Taking all shapes from Máh to Máhi; and
They change and perish all — but He remains;
月明海上化仙禽,
忽幻魚龍入水深。
世界剎那千萬相,
盎然不變是天心。
註:月化魚。波斯俗以「化魚」喩變遷。
52
A moment guess"d — then back behind the Fold
Immerst of Darkness round the Drama roll"d
Which, for the Pastime of Eternity,
He doth Himself contrive, enact, behold.
浩蕩天門瞬息開,
千秋螻蟻浪疑猜。
雲山幾度成滄海,
造化紅塵遊戲來。
53
But if in vain, down on the stubborn floor
Of Earth, and up to Heav"n"s unopening Door,
You gaze To-day, while You are You — how then
To-morrow, when You shall be You no more?
舉首叩天天不語,
低頭問地地無聞。
即今俯仰猶迷惘,
何況他年墓里人。
54
Waste not your Hour, nor in the vain pursuit
Of This and That endeavour and dispute;
Better be jocund with the fruitful Grape
Than sadden after none, or bitter, Fruit.
墾道求眞終不獲,
便成果實亦酸辛。
何如獨到南山上,
摘取葡萄祭酒神。
55
You know, my Friends, with what a brave Carouse
I made a Second Marriage in my house;
Divorc"d old barren Reason from my bed,
And took the Daughter of the Vine to Spouse.
落落心懷久不開,
酒酣拔劍斷琴台。
忍敎智慧成離婦,
新娶葡萄公主來。
56
For "Is" and "Is-not" though with Rule and Line
And "Up-and-down" by Logic I define,
Of all that one should care to fathom, I
Was never deep in anything but — Wine.
是非原在有無中,
竭想窮思總是空。
借問一心何所好,
滿杯春酒漾嬌紅。
57
Ah, but my Computations, People say,
Reduc"d the Year to better reckoning? — Nay,
"Twas only striking from the Calendar
Unborn To-morrow, and dead Yesterday.
曾司北斗與招搖,
玉曆天衡略整調。
紙上淋漓縱醉筆,
勾除昨日與明朝。
註:珈音乃古波斯名數學家,曾創新暦。
58
And lately, by the Tavern door agape,
Came shining through the Dusk an Angel Shape
Bearing a Vessel on his Shoulder; and
He bid me taste of it; and "twas — the Grape!
蓬門昨夜有人敲,
王母仙童饋綠醪。
翠色新瓷包錦袱,
啟瓶一酌是葡萄。
59
The Grape that can with Logic absolute
The Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute:
The sovereign Alchemist that in a trice
Life"s leaden Metal into Gold transmute;
葡萄美酒紫金鐘,
葯鼎丹爐笑葛洪。
輸與此時一杯酒,
琴心三迭十年功。
60
The mighty Mahmúd, Allah-breathing Lord,
That all the misbelieving and black Horde
Of Fears and Sorrows that infest the Soul
Scatters before him with his whirlwind Sword.
酒降人間感上蒼,
一杯洗盡九迴腸。
鍾馗手秉旋風劍,
獨立天庭百鬼惶。
61
Why, be this Juice the growth of God, who dare
Blaspheme the twisted tendril as a Snare?
A Blessing, we should use it, should we not?
And if a Curse — why, then, Who set it there?
上帝傳符造甘酒,
杜康降自九天遙。
若非天旨分明在,
誰敢皇皇犯戒條。
62
I must abjure the Balm of Life, I must,
Scar"d by some After-reckoning ta"en on trust,
Or lured with Hope of some Diviner Drink,
To fill the Cup — when crumbled into Dust!
天上何時禁酒觴,
人間甘露我偷嘗。
拚將縹緲三生債,
換得千秋醉道場。
63
Oh threats of Hell and Hopes of Paradise!
One thing at least is certain — This Life flies;
One thing is certain and the rest is Lies;
The Flower that once has blown for ever dies.
碧落黃泉皆妄語,
三生因果盡荒唐。
濁醪以外無眞理,
一謝花魂再不香。
64
Strange, is it not? that of the myriads who
Before us pass"d the door of Darkness through,
Not one returns to tell us of the Road,
Which to discover we must travel too.
道失冥關誰借問,
了無歸客說嶇崎。
漫漫別路深如許,
寂寞行人只自知。
65
The Revelations of Devout and Learn"d
Who rose before us, and as Prophets burn"d,
Are all but Stories, which, awoke from Sleep
They told their comrades, and to Sleep return"d.
哲人敧枕漫遊仙,
睡眼惺忪說太玄。
地獄天堂言未已,
轉身榻上又高眠。
66
I sent my Soul through the Invisible,
Some letter of that After-life to spell:
And by and by my Soul return"d to me,
And answer"d "I Myself am Heav"n and Hell. "
欲尋身後路茫茫,
自遣離魂到大荒。
魂魄歸來唯一語:
『我兼地獄與天堂。』
67
Heav"n but the Vision of fulfill"d Desire,
And Hell the Shadow from a Soul on fire,
Cast on the Darkness into which Ourselves,
So late emerged from, shall so soon expire.
醉拋衣帶成河漢,
淚灑雲山作汴湘。
火借愁心為地獄,
酒空塵欲即天堂。
68
We are no other than a moving row
Of Magic Shadow-shapes that come and go
Round with the Sun-illumin"d Lantern held
In Midnight by the Master of the Show;
琉璃冰罩轉玲瓏,
巧鏤山河大匠功。
中有光明燈一盞,
紙人泥馬影憧憧。
69
But helpless Pieces of the Game He plays
Upon this Chequer-board of Nights and Days;
Hither and thither moves, and checks, and slays,
And one by one back in the Closet lays.
縱橫日夜為棋局,
枰上千秋劫正濃。
轉換騰那猶未了,
殘棋一一入壺中。
70
The Ball no question makes of Ayes and Noes,
But Here or There as strikes the Player goes;
And He that toss"d you down into the Field,
He knows about it all — He knows — HE KNOWS!
眼看乾坤一局棋,
滿枰黑白子離離。
鏗然一子成何劫,
惟有蒼蒼妙手知。
71
The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all your Piety nor Wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line,
Nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.
冥冥有手寫天書,
彩筆無情揮不已。
流盡人間淚幾千,
不能洗去半行字。
72
And that inverted Bowl they call the sky,
Whereunder crawling coop"d we live and die,
Lift not your hands to It for help — for It
As impotently moves as you or I.
渾圓天蓋碧深沉,
月運星移古至今。
莫向蒼天求解脫,
蒼天旋轉不由心。
73
With Earth"s first Clay They did the Last Man knead,
And there of the Last Harvest sow"d the Seed:
And the first Morning of Creation wrote
What the Last Dawn of Reckoning shall read.
天化勞人泥與水,
身滲苦水到窮途。
雲山滄海何年盡,
都在鴻蒙紙上書。
74
Yesterday this Day"s Madness did prepare;
To-morrow"s Silence, Triumph, or Despair:
Drink! for you know not whence you came, nor why:
Drink! for you know not why you go, nor where.
風雲一一安排好,
世界如荼入眼來。
痛飮不聞狂客問,
明朝何處化塵埃。
75
I tell you this — When, started from the Goal,
Over the flaming shoulders of the Foal
Of Heav"n Parwin and Mushtari they flung,
In my predestin"d Plot of Dust and Soul
天馬長嘶振鬣毛,
溟濛馳道接雲高。
神明馬上伸天手,
摘取星辰向我拋。
註:星辰。指珈音所屬宮位。
76
The Vine had struck a Fibre: which about
If clings my being — let the Dervish flout;
Of my Base Metal may be filed a Key,
That shall unlock the Door he howls without.
神山一樹眾生出,
我是仙桃樹上蟲。
偷得人間金鎖鑰,
醉眠內府寶藏中。
77
And this I know: whether the one True Light
Kindle to Love, or Wrath-consume me quite,
One Flash of It within the Tavern caught
Better than in the Temple lost outright.
心中幻滅有明燈,
幻出人間愛與憎。
燈影酒中猶照我,
神明壇上見何曾。
78
What! out of senseless Nothing to provoke
A conscious Something to resent the yoke
Of unpermitted Pleasure, under pain
Of Everlasting Penalties, if broke!
天公取土雕成我,
愛欲痴嗔泥里和。
爭又人間設果因,
三生卻問他生過。
79
What! from his helpless Creature be repaid
Pure Gold for what he lent him dross-allay"d —
Sue for a Debt he never did contract,
And cannot answer — Oh the sorry trade!
天賜人間自在身,
形骸放浪是元眞。
此生那有他生債,
未向蒼天借一文。
80
Oh Thou, who didst with Pitfall and with Gin
Beset the Road I was to wander in,
Thou wilt not with Predestin"d Evil round
Enmesh, and then impute my Fall to Sin!
千山岐路何人辟,
要問冥冥造化來。
鞭底蒼茫征路遠,
亂蓬好自為吾開。
81
Oh, Thou, who Man of baser Earth didst make,
And ev"n with Paradise devise the Snake:
For all the Sin wherewith the Face of Man
Is blacken"d, Man"s Forgiveness give — and take!
蒼穹含缺女媧嗟,
伊甸天園尙有蛇。
草草眾生原帝力,
誰敎為善與為邪。
瓮歌集
82
As under cover of departing Day
Slunk hunger-stricken Ramazán away,
Once more within the Potter"s house alone
I stood, surrounded by the Shapes of Clay.
晨昏一例醉中眠,
過盡凄涼九月天。
又訪村家陶匠去,
泥瓮秋客對蕭然。
註:九月。回俗九月絕食,名為Ramazan。
83
Shapes of all Sorts and Sizes, great and small,
That stood along the floor and by the wall;
And some loquacious Vessels were; and some
Listen"d perhaps, but never talk"d at all.
紅猩綠翠采姿多,
短缶長瓶壁上羅。
黃目無言垂醉眼,
泥壺開口唱山歌:
84
Said one among them — "Surely not in vain
My substance of the common Earth was ta"en
And to this Figure moulded, to be broke,
Or trampled back to shapeless Earth again."
『彎彎壺嘴似蛾眉,
手做泥壺為阿誰。
隨手揑成隨手碎,
到頭還是一堆泥。』
85
Then said a Second — "Ne"er a peevish Boy
Would break the Bowl from which he drank in joy;
And He that with his hand the Vessel made
Will surely not in after Wrath destroy."
瓦尊壁上曼聲呼:
『酒客猶知惜酒壺,
多少匠心成一器,
無端誰忍碎無辜。』
86
After a momentary silence spake
Some Vessel of a more ungainly Make;
"They sneer at me for leaning all awry;
What! did the hand then of the Potter shake?"
古瓶臲卼背穹隆,
獨坐塵埃訴苦衷:
『想是匠人年已老,
摩挱雕琢手龍鍾。』
87
Whereat some one of the loquacious Lot —
I think a Sufi pipkin — waxing hot —
"All this of Pot and Potter — Tell me then,
Who is the Potter, pray and who the Pot?"
小壺顏色火燒雲,
談笑懸河水瀉銀:
『漫說陶人與陶器,
孰為陶器孰陶人。』
88
"Why," said another, "Some there are who tell
Of one who threatens he will toss to Hell
The luckless Pots he marr"d in making — Pish!
He"s a Good Fellow, and "twill all be well. "
說法泥瓮貌岸然:
『成材成器總由天。
殘壺廢盌都拋去,
拋到無情火焰邊。』
89
"Well," murmur"d one, "Let whoso make or buy,
My Clay with long oblivion is gone dry:
But, fill me with the old familiar Juice,
Methinks I might recover by and by!"
寂寞凋零一斷壺,
年年愁待酒家胡:
『請君為我勤斟酒,
垂老心腸久已枯。』
90
So while the Vessels one by one were speaking,
The little Moon look"d in that all were seeking:
And then they jogg"d each other, "Brother! Brother!
Now for the Porter"s shoulder knot a-creaking!"
月照千家戶半開,
壺尊無語靜塵埃。
鞋聲細碎聞窗外,
疑是飄零酒客來。
瓮歌集終
91
Ah, with the Grape my fading Life provide,
And wash the Body whence the Life has died,
And lay me, shrouded in the living Leaf,
By some not unfrequented Garden-side.
一旦魂歸萬事空,
勞君傾酒洗萍蹤。
遺身願裹葡萄葉,
葬在名花怒放中。
92
That ev"n my buried Ashes such a Snare
Of Vintage shall fling up into the Air
As not a True Believer passing by
But shall be overtaken unaware.
死化寒灰帶酒香,
河山千古葬遺觴。
他年遊子來憑弔,
猶得墳前醉一場。
93
Indeed the Idols I have loved so long
Have done my credit in this World much wrong:
Have drown"d my Glory in a shallow Cup,
And sold my Reputation for a Song.
不事神明事酒魔,
前塵後事任蹉跎。
借來年命償杯酒,
賣去浮名買醉歌。
94
Indeed, indeed, Repentance oft before
I swore — but was I sober when I swore?
And then and then came Spring, and Rose-in-hand
My threadbare Penitence a-pieces tore.
平生悔恨我何曾,
醉里模糊說不淸。
見說人間春又到,
尊前莫作懊憹聲。
95
And much as wine has play"d the Infidel,
And robb"d me of my Robe of Honour — well,
I often wonder what the Vintners buy
One half so precious as the stuff they sell.
酒誤浮名猶愛酒,
轉憐賣酒村前叟。
賣來不過幾文錢,
何物能如酒一斗。
96
Yet Ah, that Spring should vanish with the Rose!
That Youth"s sweet-scented Manuscript should close!
The Nightingale that in the Branches sang,
Ah, whence, and whither flown again, who knows!
墓里古人渾不語,
楊花榭後飄香絮。
子規啼盡一春心,
飛到天涯何處去。
97
Would but the desert of the fountain yield
One glimpse — if dimly, yet indeed, reveal"d,
To which the fainting Traveller might spring,
As springs that trampled herbage of the field!
古野猶生春草綠,
茫茫大漠何寥哉。
行人遠道凄涼甚,
可有淸泉慰客來。
98
Would but some winged Angel ere too late
Arrest the yet unfolded Roll of Fate,
And make the stern Recorder otherwise
Enregister, or quite obliterate!
願見仙人啟玉樓,
天書細細寫從頭。
生涯不為重斟酌,
便把微身一筆勾。
99
Ah Love! could you and I with Him conspire
To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire,
Would not we shatter it to bits — and then
Re-mould it nearer to the Heart"s Desire!
夢遊昨夜到天池,
欲借神明劍一枝。
斬碎三千愁世界,
從頭收拾舊須彌。
100
Yon rising Moon that looks for us again —
How oft hereafter will she wax and wane;
How oft hereafter rising look for us
Through this same Garden — and for one in vain!
明月多情伴客身,
人來人去月無聞,
從今幾度黃昏月,
遍照園林少一人。
101
And when like her, oh Sáki, you shall pass
Among the Guests Star-scatter"d on the Grass,
And in your joyous errand reach the spot
Where I made One — turn down an empty Glass!
酒僮酒僮勸客來,
座中無我莫徘徊。
醉翁去後余何物,
一隻空空覆酒杯。
魯拜集終
譯後記
上奧瑪珈音《魯拜集》一百又一首。根據費氏結樓(E. FitzGerald)第五英譯本衍譯,旁參費氏第一譯本及其他散文英譯本。
參考材料見THE SUFISTIC QUATRAINS OF OMAR KHAYYAM , IN DEFINITIVE FORM, including the translations of Edward FitzGerald (101 quatrains) with Edward Heron-Allen"s analysis, E. H. Whinefield (500 quatrains) J. B. Nicolas (464 quatrains) (M. Walter Dunne, Publisher, New York and London, 1903)

黃譯《魯拜集》注釋(蘇正隆):
1 羲和:日御;日乘車,駕以六龍,羲和御之。-----P.17
2 摩世(MOSES,又譯摩西):據傳摩西手白如雪,故借喻白花。耶穌(JESUS):據傳說,耶穌氣息,能撫愈創傷。-----P.23
3.七環杯:古波斯王JAMSHYD有七環杯,以象七天、七星、七海。杯中常盛不死葯。------P.25
4.伊覽(IRAM):古波斯名城,現已埋沒土下。------P.25
5.歌人:指古波斯名歌者DAVID.
6.蘇丹:即Sultan,回人稱其君主。
7.白衣朱袍:平民與帝王。
8 寒食:淸明前二日,俗禁火二日。
9.花朝:俗以農曆二月十二或二月十五為百花生日,稱作花朝。
10 汨羅江:屈原自沉之處。
11. 銅雀台:魏武帝曹操所築。魏武臨終,遺命葬於西陵,與銅雀台相望,囑諸子每月初一、十五登台望其墓。
12 三生:前世、今世、來世。
13 石崇:晉人,其富足可敵國。
14 華表:城廓、衙門、墓前等所立之柱識。
15.丹墀:以丹漆階上地曰丹墀。墀,音遲。
16. 萇弘:周大夫,被殺後流血成石(或曰成碧),不見其屍。
17. 飯顆山頭飯顆生:喩為現世操勞。李白:「飯顆山頭逢杜甫,頭戴笠子日卓午。借問別來太瘦生,只為從前作詩苦。」
蓮花燈下蓮花起:喩凝注來世,寄望往生蓮花也。
18. 執麈:麈,音主,大鹿也,古人以麈尾作拂塵,淸談時手執麈尾,用以指授聽眾。
鄒子雕龍衍子天:齊人騶衍、騶奭善談,人頌衍曰談天衍,頌奭為雕龍奭。
19.野狐:禪家謂以外道講禪為野狐參禪。
20. 金函:《開元天寶遺事》:「明皇憂勤國政,或有章疏,則探其理道優長者貯之金函中,時取讀之。」
21.逃禪:杜甫:「蘇晉長齋綉佛前,醉中往往愛逃禪。」
22. 希夷:聽之不聞曰希,視之不見曰夷。
23. 蘭陵酒:蘭陵產美酒。
24.世界微塵:世界即宇宙,時間與空間的總稱;微塵,極細之物。《楞嚴經》:「一切因果,世界微塵,因心成體。」
25. 穀神:谷中空虛之處,喩妙道。
26. 劉郞:①劉伶,竹林七賢之一,放情肆志,性尤好酒。
② 東漢劉晨與友入天台山,迷途,遇二女,設宴款待,行酒作樂。後求歸,至家,子孫已七世矣。
27. 捫虱:從容不迫,無所畏忌。
28. 昃:日過午曰昃,日西也。
晞:干。
29. 西作:逝世。
30. 故故:屢屢。
31. 螻蟻:喩微小。
32. 北斗與招搖:皆星名。
33.玉曆天衡:天文曆法。
34. 葛洪:晉人,好神仙術,赴交趾煉丹,丹成屍解。
35. 杜康:周人,善造酒。
36. 敧:側倚、斜靠。敧,音欺。
37. 憧憧:往來不絕貌。憧,音沖。
38. 刼:棋奕中緊迫的關鍵。
騰那:變易。
39. 如荼:盛大貌。
40. 黃目:銅器
41. 臲卼:音孽悟,動搖不安貌。
42.穹隆:穹然而隆起:長曲貌。
43. 酒家胡:酒家之姬


翻譯是一門涉及兩門語言的技術活。怎樣體現一個人翻譯水平高?以英語翻譯為例。能翻譯越難的英文文章,英語水平自然是越高的。可是,僅此而已嗎?非也,隨便抓一個留學生,英語水平也很高,為什麼不能稱為翻譯家?翻譯評判的另一個標準就是翻譯出來的中文的水準高低。

上面這段話看起來很有道理對不對?這也是很多人的誤解。把翻譯最本質的東西忽略掉了:忠於原文。什麼叫忠於原文?不漏意思,不多意思,意境不變。這叫忠於原文。

怎樣體現一個人中文水平之高?用文言文。文言文很典雅,能顯得很有文化。可是問題是,這些翻譯沒有忠於原文啊!翻譯中最重要的是忠於原文,其次才是詞藻的華麗。而那些我們看到的大多數文言文翻譯,都是本末倒置了。

不管是歌詞,還是文章,我都希望各位翻譯人員好好翻譯。你要是真的文學造詣高,你去當作家就好了。翻譯需要的是忠於原文,你不必畫蛇添足的。就像高贊答案里提到的那篇歌詞翻譯,讀著就像喊麥,根本沒有文言文的典雅,最重要的是,他有些語句的翻譯並沒有忠於原文。
比如
Just a puppet on a lonely string
如若傀儡隨弦舞。

原文中的lonely去哪了?隨弦舞根本沒有翻譯出lonely的意思和意境。

I hear Jerusalem bells are ringing
聖城鐘聲驚孤魂。

請問孤魂你是怎麼看出來的?你怎麼知道是「驚」?

類似的小錯誤太多了,我就不一一列舉了。


因為他們既沒學好英文又沒學好古文。
沒學好英文,所以覺得英文像古文一樣又難懂又裝逼,還有一種迷之美感。
沒學好古文,所以覺得古文像英文一樣又難懂又裝逼,還有一種迷之美感。
所以他們就很自然地用古文來翻譯英文了。
在英文和古文學得好的人眼裡,英文、古文、現代白話文並沒有什麼區別。英文也可以很接地氣,古文也可以很口水,白話文也可以很典雅。文字的風格,與其用何種語言寫成沒有任何關係。


抱歉,沒注意知乎的轉載規範。這個回答是我在百度複製粘貼來的,由於年代久遠,作者是誰我已經找不到了。所以我並沒有標註出處,這是我的不妥之處。所以,如有人知道作者,請告知鄙人。侵權,刪。再次致歉。

難道你們沒看見過這個?

「You say that you love rain, but you open your
umbrella when it rains.
You say that you love the sun, but you find
a shadow spot when the sun shines.
You say that you love the wind, but you close
your windows when wind blows.
This is why I am afraid, when you say that
you love me too.」
把上文放在中文的領域,起碼可以
化成八個不同的中文版本。
<普通版>:
你說你愛雨,
但當細雨飄灑時你卻撐開了傘;
你說你愛太陽,
但當日當空時你卻往蔭處躲;
你說你愛風,
但當它輕拂時你卻緊緊地關上了自己的窗子;
所以當你說你也愛我,我卻會為此而煩憂。
<文藝版>:
你說煙雨微芒,蘭亭遠望;
後來輕攬婆娑,深遮霓裳。
你說春光爛漫,綠袖紅香;
後來內掩西樓,靜立卿旁。
你說軟風輕拂,醉卧思量;
後來緊掩門窗,漫帳成殤。
你說情絲柔腸,如何相忘;
我卻眼波微轉,兀自成霜。
<詩經版>:
子言慕雨,啟傘避之。
子言好陽,尋蔭拒之。
子言喜風,闔戶離之。
子言偕老,吾所畏之。
<離騷版>
:君樂雨兮啟傘枝,
君樂晝兮林蔽日,
君樂風兮欄帳起,
君樂吾兮吾心噬。
<七言絕句版>:
戀雨卻怕繡衣濕,喜日偏向樹下倚。
欲風總把綺窗關,叫奴如何心付伊。
<吳語版>:
弄剛歡喜落雨,落雨了搞布洋塞;
歡喜塔漾么又譜捏色;
歡喜西剝風么又要丫起來;
弄剛歡喜唔么,搓色唔霉頭。
<女漢子版>:
你有本事愛雨天,你有本事別打傘啊!
你有本事愛陽光,你有本事別乘涼啊!
你有本事愛吹風,你有本事別關窗啊!
你有本事說愛我,你有本事撿肥皂啊!
<七律壓軸版>:
江南三月雨微茫,羅傘疊煙濕幽香。
夏日微醺正可人,卻傍佳木趁蔭涼。
霜風清和更初霽,輕蹙蛾眉鎖朱窗。
憐卿一片相思意,猶恐流年拆鴛鴦。

啥也別說了,我的一口老血都要吐出來了。李白杜甫屈原等一大群詩人的棺材板真的壓不住了


單純的批評所謂的古風翻譯並上升為用文言文翻譯就是裝B是一種很沒道理的行為。那麼我如果拿出某些現代人翻譯的《飛鳥集》批判一下,是不是也說明白話文不適合翻譯外文,用白話文翻譯《飛鳥集》就是裝B呢?實際上,我們只能說,那名用白話文翻譯《飛鳥集》的人是在裝B。一些古風翻譯,是垃圾。不懂梗的朋友戳這裡:如何評價馮唐的首部譯作《飛鳥集》? - 知乎

在白話文運動之前,用文言翻譯外文,本就是天經地義的事。佛經,聖經,伊索寓言,天演論,巴黎茶花女遺事……古人,近人翻譯的了,今人就不能翻譯了?古代近代的文言適合翻譯外文,今天的文言文就不適合翻譯外文了嗎?

誠然,上文提到的很多作品都是意譯而非直譯,玄奘譯佛教,或根據文義增減。嚴復譯天演論,更是摻入大量個人看法。林紓譯小說,準確來說,是助手把外文的大義翻出來,林紓在根據大義,將其改為典雅的文言,儘管如此,桐城淵源的林南琴從不把自己的譯註當作古文。

以上種種,似乎支持了文言不適合翻譯外文的說辭。然而實際上,文言翻譯不謹遵原文,多是出於理念問題——譯者並沒有遵循信達雅的約束——而非是無法按照外文翻譯。

文言喜簡練,外文(以英文為例)多鋪陳。考研的朋友多被長難句折磨。以文言翻譯外文,自然是不合適的。但如果換成白話文呢?用白話文就能處理好英語長難句了嗎?顯然不是。即使使用白話文,面對不同於漢語的外文的語法,譯者仍要慘淡經營,試圖找到合適的切入點。其結果——在完成任務的前提下——有兩種可能,一種是採取意譯的方式,大致能夠表達出原作的意思——用文言翻譯也可以達到。另一種是扭曲漢語以遷就英文,達到所謂直譯效果,讀者見了,經常有一種「我每個字都認識,就是讀不懂這句話」的錯愕感,我想,白話文為了直譯,可以把自己扭曲的面目全非,那麼文言文應該也可以做到——雖然這並不是什麼值得驕傲的事。

如果我讓你把「亮晶晶的樣子,好像明鏡初次打開,清冷的光輝突然從鏡匣中射出來一樣」翻譯成文言文,那該如何操作?袁宏道給出的答案是「晶晶然如鏡之新開而冷光之乍出於匣也」(《滿井遊記》)。可見,用文言表示複雜的長難句,並非無法實現。只不過沒有這方面的系統規範而已。

那麼為什麼很多人討厭文言文翻譯呢?依我看來,與其說是翻譯問題,不如說是創作問題。在我國,能夠閱讀文言文的不計其數,那麼能夠寫好文言文的有幾個呢?莫礪鋒教授說他蹭赴韓國參加一個詩詞研討會,中國學者去了不少,韓方要求當庭作詩,中方簡直措手不及,最終一個職稱不高,卻善於詩書的年輕學者跳了出來,才避免尲尬。這裡不是批評中國學者,只是說有一些訓練,顯然並沒有太多人重視。至於什麼文言高考作文,文言畢業論文,甚至QQ空間里用文言寫自己是什麼什麼偉大的組織的偉大鬥士的。各種博眼球的炒作一波一波的,但真正寫的不尲尬的又有幾個?說文言文復興的火種毀在這種人身上,並不為過。

我在知乎上,看過不少能書善詩的朋友,為了避免打廣告的嫌疑,我就不點名表揚了。他們的存在,似乎在向世界宣告「我曾被踩入泥淖,但現在,我還可以活著」。

然而,想寫好文言文畢竟是困難的,特別是幾乎和文言徹底決裂的現代人,想要寫出典雅的文言文更是難上加難。於是,有些人,筆力不足,智力有限,偏偏要強出頭。非要舞文弄墨附庸風雅一番——這樣的人往往也是很難找到相同興趣的朋友的。於是沒有朋友指正自己,想要問問老師,老師也不懂。隨便寫點什麼東西,就一堆迷妹誇你有才,時間長了,人就毀了。

我就是其中一員,直到大一晚課的一個課間,鄰桌的女生看了我的筆記本——上面有我已經認識到有問題的我的創作內容——大誇我有才云云——這種誇耀並不新鮮。而我實際上已經發現曾經的創作的東西是如此幼稚可笑,卻不曾想得到如此高的評價,忽然我想起小時候在爸爸的朋友的面前的才藝表演,想到鄰居阿姨每次見我對我的讚賞。這一切,竟是如此虛偽,而我卻時常沾沾自喜,再這麼下去,我就會變成經常在網上遇到並吵架的某些網友:明明對方已經拿出了鐵證卻堅決不承認,變成對方說A我說B的繞圈子。我為我差點成為這種人而感到害怕,也為成功避免成為這種人而慶幸。

扯遠了,我認為語言之間,必然是存在差異的,兩種語言的轉換,必然或多或少會有不同。(除非是那種各種詞都有明確對應關係的語言)所以說,並不存在哪種語言不適合翻譯成其他語言的情況。

實際上,由於助詞和語序等關係。日語翻譯成韓語,比日語翻譯成中文要容易一些。按照題主的說法,似乎可以得出韓語比漢語更適合翻譯日語的結論。但這個結論套在白話和文言上是否合適,我個人是持否定意見的,很多人做不到,只是他們不具備這樣技能,而不能說這技能本身差。畢竟國人的文言素養,仍有巨大的進步空間。

另外多說幾句,我們學英文都是用白話文學的,看到英文下意識都是想的白話文的意思是什麼,如果我們是用文言學的英文呢?


配兩張與答案無關的圖吧,我看好多答案後面都有密密麻麻的黑白格子圖,真是有趣。


我認為是否應把外文翻譯成古文,應從其語境及背景著手。

如威廉.布萊克(william Blake)的《Auguries of Innocence》就有二三十種翻譯,其中當然不缺類古文的翻譯。

To see a world in a grain of sand
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour.(這是詩歌的前四行,有興趣的朋友可以看看全文)

一花一世界,
一沙一天國,
君掌盛無邊,
剎那含永劫。

----宗白華

一粒沙里見世界,
一朵花里見天國;
手掌里盛住無限,
一剎那便是永劫。

----豐子愷

一粒沙里有一個世界
一朵花里有一個天堂
把無窮無盡握於掌心
永恆無非是剎那時光

----陳之藩

從一粒沙看世界,
從一朵花看天堂,
把永恆納進一個時辰,
把無限握在自己手心。

----王佐良

一沙一世界,
一花一天堂。
無限掌中置,
剎那成永恆。

----徐志摩

從這我們可以看出,《Auguries of Innocence》有不少名家翻譯過,而且譯法都各有不同,有接近七言五言古詩的,也有接近散文的。

翻譯成古文,會更加的凝練,像宗白華教授的就十分簡約卻不失深刻,與徐志摩、陳之藩一樣皆捨去了「to see」的翻譯,並沒有「見」這個動詞,雖無法完全符合原意,但也翻譯出布萊克所表達「用心看待事物」的用意,而其簡約大方讀起來像王維的禪詩。

同理陳之藩先生、豐子愷大師、王佐良先生翻譯也符合了布萊克本心,把「to see」也翻譯出來了,更符合原意,虛實結合,信達雅兼顧也不錯。

所以有些外文翻譯成古文,並不是像其他答主所說的為了裝逼,而是可以翻譯古文,布萊克是十八世紀的神秘主義及浪漫主義詩人,將他這首詩翻譯成古文並無不合理之處。

無論是翻譯白話文或是古文,都有優劣之處,古文凝練,白話文詳實,都無不妥。

《培根隨筆》和《莎士比亞戲劇集》都有白話文和古文翻譯,都各有千秋,有興趣的朋友不妨看看。

《培根隨筆》的《論讀書》,人教版
初三語文教材應該有,近古文的,特別帶感喲。「讀史使人明智,讀詩使人靈秀,數學使人周密,科學使人深刻,倫理學使人莊重,邏輯修辭之學使人善辯」。
少年少女看看吧!

————————————————
答個題花了3個小時,凌晨兩點蒙逼……


因為無聊,而且某些人覺得這樣逼格很高,還很新鮮。

英文作品翻譯成文雅的古文這樣做的鼻祖是林紓(林琴南),但是他推崇桐城派古文。姿勢水平還是很高的,他翻譯的作品影響了後來很多人去接觸西方的文化。比如粉絲魯迅,結果時代發展了,林紓思想保守了,依然是維新派思想。新文化運動時候被胡適,錢玄同,魯迅,劉半農等等自編自導自演一齣戲,然後痛罵林琴南一頓。雙拳難敵四手,後來林紓丟了北大職位。(這故事現當代文學史聽過,想知道大家可以百度)

而現在把英語翻譯古文的人,古文姿勢水平不如林紓,影響力也不行。事實上,看似很新鮮的事情百年前已有之,而且也已經被一定程度上被拋棄。

事實上,古詩文涉及語法,文學觀念,審美等等,單純追求新鮮感的「陌生化」不太合適。


嚴子幾道既譯英人赫胥黎所著《天演論》,以示汝綸曰:「為我序之。」天演者,西國格物家言也。其學以天擇、物競二義,綜萬匯之本原,考動植之蕃耗。言治者取焉。因物變遞嬗,深揅乎質力聚散之幾,推極乎古今萬國盛衰興壞之由,而大歸以任天為治。赫胥黎氏起而盡變故說,以為天不可獨任,要貴以人持天。以人持天,必究極乎天賦之能,使人治日即乎新,而後其國永存,而種族賴以不墜,是之謂與天爭勝。而人之爭天而勝天者,又皆天事之所苞。是故天行人治,同歸天演。其為書奧賾縱橫,博涉乎希臘、竺乾、斯多噶、婆羅門、釋迦諸學,審同析異,而取其衷,吾國之所創聞也。凡赫胥黎氏之道具如此,斯以信美矣。

節選自《天演論》嚴復譯

英語當然能翻譯成文言文,其他語言也可以。


審美稍微上來了,但又沒有真正升到點上;想裝個字母,能力不夠又不肯努力。


正好前天才吐槽過這個問題23333

我一向認為翻譯最核心的功能是信息對等,即在A語言轉換為B語言後,表達形式雖然變化了,但其中傳達的信息應當是大致相同的(出於各種各樣的文化差異,完全的信息對等有時會很困難)。所謂的文字美感在我看來是次要的,為了保持信息的對等,有些時候甚至可以適當拋棄,我自己就是一個硬派直譯。

但在某些自以為學貫中西的大翻譯家那裡,這樣的邏輯卻被顛倒了過來。為了追求形式上的所謂美,大量莫名其妙的古文字被堆砌在了一起,營造出一種空洞的「風雅」,信息反而成了次要,翻譯出來的東西也離原文十萬八千里。

對於這樣的人,這樣的行為,如果一定要給他們找一個理由的話,我只有八個字:

自以為是,不知所謂。

當然你也可以反駁我說,古代甚至民國時期的外語翻譯也是譯成文言文的,憑什麼他們就能這麼譯,我卻不能?你是不是在找茬?

還是那個理由,翻譯的核心是信息對等。在普遍不流行白話文的年代,將外語文本翻譯成文言文對那個時代的民眾來說並不會對理解造成損害,但在已經將文言文脫離出日常用語的當代中國,偶一為之或許會有錦上添花的效果,但若通篇都是之乎者也,只會令原始文本的可理解力大打折扣,用官方格式來說就是「遠離群眾」。更何況某些仿文言翻譯真的是語病重重,狗屁不通,且夾帶私貨,完全失去了原文的內涵與風味。

順便,某些人如果真那麼想展示自己的文言功底的話,還是多去混混古風圈當個填詞的吧,畢竟對某些無腦古風粉來說,只要你寫一些夠美、夠之乎者也的東西,即使無邏輯無內容,你也會被捧成才子才女,何必來翻譯圈丟人現眼、誤人子弟?


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