膠片寬容度於感測器寬容度計算上的區別？曝光會像影響膠片一樣影響感測器寬容度嗎？

計算上沒有區別，一樣的概念。
曝光不會影響膠片或感測器寬容度。
Exposure range

The exposure range of a device is usually expressed in stops, which are equivalent to where c is the medium or device"s contrast ratio. For example, average Digital Video (DV) has a contrast ratio of 45:1, so its exposure range is roughly 5.5 stops. Film has an exposure range of approximately 14 stops.

Exposure is usually controlled by changing the lens aperture (the amount of light it gathers), the shutter speed (how long light is gathered) or sensitivity (how strongly the film or sensor responds to light). Changing exposure does not change the exposure range.

但是關於寬容度這個詞存在一些歧義，中文中寬容度（latitude）經常與動態範圍（dynamic range）混淆，而這兩者的含義是不同的，我其實也不確定題主問的到底是哪一個。

寬容度指的是感光材料過曝或欠曝處理後仍然可以接受的範圍。就是說這張照片拍完之後我後期增加或減小曝光度之後還能接受的範圍，其實是一個比較模糊的概念。有大的動態範圍不一定有大的寬容度。
Exposure latitude

Exposure latitude is the extent to which a light-sensitive material can be overexposed or underexposed and still achieve an acceptable result. This measure is used for digital and analogue processes, i.e. optical microlithography or photography.

動態範圍指的是一張照片能記錄的最大亮度範圍。就是照片從最暗部到最亮部的記錄範圍，國內一般把這個叫成寬容度。
Dynamic range

Photographers use "dynamic range" for the luminance range of a scene being photographed, or the limits of luminance range that a given digital camera or filmcan capture,
or the opacity range of developed film images, or the "reflectance range" of images on photographic papers.

兩者的之間的比較詳見：
What』s the difference between Latitude and Dynamic Range?