為什麼莫扎特的安魂曲聽上去很驚悚？

12-05

一點也聽不出安魂的效果啊

卸腰。

首先要說的是，「安魂曲」是一種特定的西方宗教音樂體裁，而並不是像中文字面翻譯的那樣是用平緩的音樂安撫靈魂這個意思。

安魂曲（Requiem）其實本質上是彌撒（Mass）的一種。而Mass又大致分為兩種。一種是Mass Ordinay, 一種是Mass Proper. 前者是用大致固定的段落和經文來創作的彌撒，大致有五段固定的經文：

（原文中除了Kyrie是希臘文以外，其他都是拉丁文。英文部分是原文的翻譯。我懶得排版了）

Kyrie （垂憐經）
Kyrie eleison; Christe eleison; Kyrie eleison (Κ?ριε ελ?ησον. Χριστ? ελ?ησον. Κ?ριε ελ?ησον)
Lord have mercy; Christ, have mercy; Lord, have mercy.

Gloria（榮耀經）
Gloria in excelsis Deo et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis. Laudamus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glorificamus te, gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam,
Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men of good will. We praise You, we bless You, we adore You, we glorify You, we give you thanks for Your great glory,

Domine Deus, Rex caelestis [coelestis], Deus Pater omnipotens.
Lord God, heavenly King, God the Almighty Father.

Domine Fili unigenite, Jesu Christe, Domine Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis;
Lord Jesus Christ, only begotten Son, Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, You who take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us;

qui tollis peccata mundi, suscipe deprecationem nostram. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris, miserere nobis.
You who take away the sins of the world, hear our prayers. You who sit at the right hand of the Father, have mercy upon us.

Quoniam tu solus Sanctus, tu solus Dominus, tu solus Altissimus, Jesu Christe, cum Sancto Spiritu in gloria Dei Patris. Amen.
For You are alone are the Holy One, you alone the Lord, you alone the Most High, Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit in the glory of God the Father, Amen.

Credo（信經）
Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem,
I believe in one God, the Father Almighty
factorem c?li et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium.
Maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible:
Et in unum Dominum, Jesum Christum,
And in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula.
the only-begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages;
Deum de Deo, Lumen de Lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero,
God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God;
genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri;
begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father,
per quem omnia facta sunt.
by Whom all things were made;
Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de c?lis.
Who for us men and for our salvation came down from Heaven.
Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est.
and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost out of the Virgin Mary, and was made man:
Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato passus, et sepultus est,
He was also crucified for us under Pontius Pilate; He suffered and was buried:
et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas,
And on the third day rose again according to the Scripture:
et ascendit in c?lum, sedet ad dexteram Patris.
And ascended into Heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father:
Et iterum venturus est cum gloria, iudicare vivos et mortuos,
And He shall come again, with glory, to judge the living and the dead:
cuius regni non erit finis;
Of His Kingdom there shall be no end;
Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem,
And I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and Giver of Life,
qui ex Patre Filioque procedit.
Who proceeds from the Father and the Son
Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur:
Who, with the Father and the Son, is together adored and glorified,
qui locutus est per prophetas.
Who has spoken through the Prophets.
Et unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam.
And I believe in One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church,
Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum.
I confess one Baptism for the remission of sins.
Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum,
And I await the Resurrection of the Dead:
et vitam venturi saeculi. Amen.
And the Life of the world to come. Amen.

Sanctus（聖哉經）
Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth; pleni sunt coeli et terra gloria tua
Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of Hosts; Heaven and earth are full of Your glory.
Hosanna in excelsis
Hosanna in the highest.

Agnus Dei（羔羊經）
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi,
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world,
miserere nobis.
have mercy upon us.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi,
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world,
miserere nobis.
have mercy upon us.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi,
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world,
dona nobis pacem.
grant us peace.

所以，題主應該可以看出來，每段經文都是有特殊含義的，並不是每段都是為了抒發對死者靈魂的安撫。有些段落比如榮耀經和聖哉經，一般都會是比較恢弘莊嚴的寫法。
對於安魂曲來說，在這五段固定的經文之外，還可能會加入一些其他的固定經文，比如Dies Irae, Pie Jesu，Libera me，In paradisum之類。同樣的，比如Dies Irae，意思是「憤怒的日子」，是對「最後的審判」的描寫。大部分作曲家寫到這一段的時候，都會是用一種悲壯、憤怒和恐懼的音樂表現形式來寫，包括莫扎特的這首。
概括起來說，每個作曲家寫的安魂曲，差不多都是以這些固定的經文為歌詞寫的，但是每個作曲家寫出的安魂曲，風格都不一樣。這也是安魂曲作為一個音樂體裁的魅力所在。題主如果想聽舒緩的安魂曲，推薦去聽福雷寫的。或者文藝復興時期的安魂曲和彌撒，那也必須是舒緩的。。。= =

個人覺得莫扎特的安魂曲不驚悚。。至少沒有威爾第的驚悚。

我不覺得啊……我覺得可能題主被「死亡」或者「末日」什麼暗示的吧？

莫扎特的安魂曲需要你理解每一個段落的相應宗教含義。在我看來，這是一部完整的對基督教「死亡」的信仰觀念的表達——並不是表達「死亡」就意味著驚悚，這同時也有戰勝「死亡」的歡樂。

嗯同意邵成說的，威爾第的是真驚悚。莫扎特的安魂曲非常莊重深沉悲痛，是寫給去世的人，死後面對神的審判與救贖。。如果要聽治癒系的就去聽勃拉姆斯的安魂曲，他相比對死者的祭奠，更注重的是對那些還活著的人的慰籍，因此旋律非常的優美溫暖平和。當然，勃拉姆斯的安魂曲是用德文寫的，所以形式和拉丁文（莫扎特和威爾第的）安魂曲完全不同，歌詞也選的是德文的翻譯版。

看到這問題我嚇了一跳...
「驚悚」真心沒有吧，這種能像哥德堡一樣催我入睡的古典音樂可是珍惜種呢(￣o￣) . z Z　
安魂曲相比莫扎特早期的其他作品可能多了一份厚重感，脫去了一些稚氣吧。您說的「驚悚」，大概是「震怒之日」這樣的選段體現的悲劇感吧（其實我覺得很帶感的說）...類似的聽感在古典音樂中還很多，比如馬太受難曲的第一段眾讚歌，我曾經在考試前推薦我室友聽，結果他發誓再也不聽我安利的任何音樂了......
儘管不太聽莫扎特，各種版本的莫安魂我還是聽了不少，建議您試著聽聽古樂版的安魂曲，也許就沒那麼「驚悚」了吧(可能還會覺得有些小清新？)

一定要給題主安利一下勛伯格…那才是恐怖…
所以，其實主要是沒聽懂

顫慄吧人類！~~~

末日經 Dies irae

震怒之日
大衛和眾先知作證；
塵寰將在烈火中熔化，
那日子才是天主震怒之日，
審判者未來駕臨時，
一切都要詳加盤問，嚴格清算，
我將如何戰慄！

安的是死人的魂又不是你的魂。
你得問問教堂祭台前棺材裡面躺著的那位安不安魂。
其次安魂曲又真名叫追思彌撒曲，在後期只是作為一種音樂載體存在的，過多追求誇張的戲劇效果並不完全用於宗教追思儀式用。