同樣頻率的兩個聲音，其音色的不同是由於高次諧波的成分不同嗎？

12-02

是的

先從最基本最原始最簡單的正弦波看起，只有基音，沒有任何泛音。

標準音A的頻譜

然後是三角波，同樣的標準音A

上方多了幾個泛音

泛音更多的方波

泛音最多的鋸齒波

上面那些不同的波形彈出的音符都是一樣的，就因為泛音列的不同，導致產生的音色不同。

下面來點真實樂器的採樣（來自Logic自帶音色），彈的都是標準音A
小提琴

長笛

小號

鋼琴

吉他

貼一點定義供參考：
Timbre and Tone Color
"Timbre" is the quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument from another or one voice from another. "Tone color" describes balance between the strengths of low, middle, and high frequencies, and balance between sections of the orchestra. The acoustical environment in which the music is produced affects tone color. If the hall either amplifies or absorbs the treble sound, brittleness or a muffled quality may mar the music. If the stage enclosure or the main ceiling directs certain sounds only toward some parts of the hall and not toward others, the tone color will
be affected differentially.
——Concert Halls and Opera Houses_ music, acoustics, and architecture - Beranek, springer new york (2004)

Timbre：The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument from another.
Tonal Color：The balance between tones in different frequency ranges and the balance between sections of the orchestra.
——Architectural Acoustics - Marshall Long

對音色的區分從時域來看更合理