當雷電落到海里會怎樣，水不是導電嗎？有人在游泳怎麼辦？魚又怎麼辦？閃電又到哪裡去了？嚴重會有什麼後果？

11-30

竟然有類似的問題，而且答的都不怎樣，就把答案複製過來啦。

不願意看文章，可以直接跳到最後看結論。

答案來源
Does Lightning Kill Fish?

How Often Does Lightning Hit the Ocean?
Fortunately for fish, lightning does not often strike the ocean, relatively speaking. NASA uses satellites to track storms and lightning around the world and reports in its December 2001 article 「Where Lightning Strikes」 how Florida and Central Africa are more likely to get hit than the open ocean. One of water』s special properties is its high heat capacity, which means air above the ocean won』t heat as much as air above land. Since hot low-lying air is necessary for thunderclouds to form, the open ocean doesn』t see too much lightning. Hurricanes of course do form over the ocean however these storms rarely have lightning, reports NASA in "Electric Hurricanes".

海面閃電的發生頻率
相對來說，閃電很少發生在海上。NASA用衛星追蹤記錄了全世界的風暴和閃電並在2001年12月的文章「Where Lightning Strikes」中公布出來，顯示出佛羅里達和中非的雷暴發生更頻繁。水有很高的比熱容，意味著水面的空氣很少會像地表空氣那樣被加熱到很高的溫度。低空熱氣流是形成雷雲的必要條件，因此海面上很少有閃電。雖然颶風在海上形成，但是颶風很少伴隨著閃電。

What Happens When Lightning Strikes the Ocean?
Although lightning is less likely to strike the ocean, these bolts of electricity do on occasion make it to sea. As lightning hits the ocean the electric current spreads along the surface of the water, rather than downward says April Holladay in her March 5, 2004 USA Today 「Wonder Quest」. Since the lightning bolt does not continue down into the depths of the ocean it is less likely to affect fish. However, people on the surface can be affected. Holladay goes on to quote National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) scientist David Schultz as saying lightning strikes have killed people at the ocean』s surface more than 30 yards from the hit. This is due to how water conducts electricity.

當閃電劈到海面會發生什麼？
閃電擊中海面時，電流會沿著海面擴散，而不是向下。所以很少影響水下的魚。但是在附近水面的人會受到影響。因為水傳導電流的這種特性，海面閃電曾電死距離劈擊點30 碼（27.4 m）之外的人。

Why Doesn"t Lightning Strike Deeper into the Ocean?
Lightning spreads across the surface of the ocean due to a phenomenon called the skin effect which simply refers to an electric current"s tendency to stay at the surface of a conductor. Meanwhile, skin depth refers to how deeply an electric current can penetrate a conductor. Richard Fitzpatrick, a professor of physics at the University of Texas at Austin, explains on his page "Propagation in a conductor" how in good conductors skin depth decreases as wave frequency increases. Salt water is a good conductor, so when lightning hits it has a fairly low skin depth.

為什麼閃電不向下傳導?
閃電在水面傳導的這種特性緣於電流傾向於在導體表面傳導的這種特性。中間內容無關，略。鹽水是良導體，也具有這種電流在表面傳導的特性。

Do Fish Die From Lightning Strikes?
Since lightning tends to spread along the surface of the ocean, where humans swim, it』s best for people to leave the water. Fish are generally found deeper in the ocean where the electric current is less likely to catch them, however a fish unfortunate enough to be at the surface close to a lightning bolt would most certainly be fried. NOAA』s National Severe Storms Laboratory notes in its 「About Lightning…FAQ」 page that lightning can penetrate a short distance into the water and kill fish nearby. Martin Uman of the University of Florida』s electrical and engineering department says the danger zone for fish is 10 to 20 feet down, as referenced in the MSN Encarta column 「Martha Talks Back」 by Martha Brockenborough. Ultimately, the answer to the question 「Does lightning kill fish?」 is – occasionally, but not often.

魚會被閃電劈死嗎？
如果魚離水面夠近，就會被電死。危險區域是水面以下10英尺到20英尺之間感覺這裡原文有錯誤，應該是from the surface to 10 or 20 feet down. 從水面到水下10英尺或20英尺（0 - 3或6 m 的範圍）

結論：因為電流有沿著導體表面傳播的這種特性，閃電劈到海面會沿水面傳播，所以不會影響到海洋深處的魚。但是如果魚離海面的距離在6米以內，會有被電死的危險。

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都知道水是導電的。
事實上大地也是導電的。
雷擊到地面的時候為啥地面的人不會被電死呢？
因為大地是一個等電位體，雷擊到地面之後雷電流就逐漸散在地面上了。自然就不會被電了。
水也是一個道理。落雷的一瞬間雷電流就散在水裡了。

所以，在地面上，除了距離雷擊點比較近會產生跨步電壓外，幾乎沒有其他的間接傷人途徑。
水裡的魚也是一樣。除了距離雷擊點相當近的魚，其他情況地方不會被電死滴。

有人會說捕魚器，捕魚器的工作時間比較大。總放電能量是遠遠大於雷電的（單次雷電釋放的能量相當小）。

空氣也能導屁，但太遠的屁也聞不見。

以我的觀點是如果閃電擊入進水裡了那周圍的肯定有影響的吧 |(￣3￣)|