In 1974, as part of the Federal Graphics Improvement Program of the National Endownment for the Arts, NASA hired Richard Danne and Bruce Blackburn to design a more modern logo. In 1975, the agency switched to the modernist NASA logotype, nicknamed "the worm", a red, stylized rendering of the letters N-A-S-A The A"s horizontal bar is removed in the worm logo. The NASA logotype was retired from official use in 1992. The design is used only for special occasions and commercial merchandising purposes approved by the Visual Identity Coordinator at NASA Headquarters. As of 2013, this logo, altered by the use of blue lettering instead of red, is still in use by the NASA Federal Credit Union.
大體就是說NASA當時為了想要一個更有「現代感」的Logo，於是就有了這個設計
我找到了個有細節的
However, for less formal usage, the executive secretary of the NACA requested James Modarelli, the head of NASA Lewis』 Research Reports Division, to simplify the NASA logo design. Thus, Mr. Modarelli cut down the NASA logo design to just the stars and the orbital path on a blue background with the red chevron passing through the letters N-A-S-A. This revised version of the NASA logo represented many aspects of the space and its relative nature to the agency. In this NASA logo, the sphere represents a planet, the stars demonstrate space, and the red chevron symbolizes the aeronautics, whereas the orbit signifies space travel. In 1975, when the news of NASA』s developing a new and a more modern NASA logo surfaced, this NASA logo was named the 「meatball」 to distinguish between the other two NASA logos.
這是之前的logo設計，足夠簡潔明亮
Introduced in 1975, the modern NASA logo was a stylish and squiggly rendering of the letters N-A-S-A in red color. It was called the 「worm」 logo. It was designed to meet the growing demands of NASA』s technological accomplishments in the fields of space and aeronautics. However, on May 24, 1992,NASA opted to go with the previous NASA logo that the agency used from 1959 to 1975. According to Daniel Goldin, the NASA Administrator, the change was made after receiving complaints from employees across the nation about the logo』s incompetence and lack of projection. Thus, the use of NASA 「worm」 logo was restricted and reserved for special purposes, and with the consent of the Visual Identity Coordinator at the NASA Headquarters.
From the year 1992 till date, NASA has used the 「meatball」 as their official NASA logo. It is considered to be a design nightmare by Greg Patt, (Graphics Manager for Lewis" Publishing Services) as the print does not appear clear in the laser print.
So, another version of NASA logo with a thin white line surrounding the blue sphere is used for certain type of prints – against dark background.
The return of the space shuttle Atlantis to the Earth』s atmosphere two weeks ago marked the close of NASA』s 30-year space shuttle program. Retirement of this popular and very visible shuttle program further strains the already diminished agency. 「Space experts say the best and brightest often head for the doors when rocket lines get marked for extinction, dampening morale and creating hidden threats,」 according to The Times. This is not the first time in NASA』s history when the agency faced publicity troubles. Back in 1974, after the success of the Mercury and Apollo programs, but before the initiation of the Shuttle Program, NASA was convinced by the National Endowment for the Arts to participate in its 「Federal Graphics Improvement Program,」 and do what many companies these days do to revive their image: undergo a redesign.
Up until that point, NASA had been primarily using an insignia adapted by James Modarelli, the head of NASA』s Lewis Research Center Reports Division. This logo, created in 1959 and affectionately dubbed 「The Meatball,」 relied heavily on multiple visual metaphors. According to NASA』s Web site, 「the sphere represents a planet, the stars represent space, the red chevron is a wing representing aeronautics (the latest design in hypersonic wings at the time the logo was developed), and then there is an orbiting spacecraft going around the wing.」 Although charming in its quirkiness, the meatball proved difficult to reproduce given the printing technology available at the time and the variety of applications it would need to adorn.
Two NASA logos, one known as Two NASA logos, one known as 「The Worm」 (left) and the other as 「The Meatball」 (right).
Enter Richard Danne and Bruce Blackburn. They were hired to create, in Danne』s words, 「a more useful new Logotype.」 In a recently completed, yet to be published memoir, Danne describes the streamlined new design as 「clean, progressive, could be read from a mile away, and was easy to use in all mediums.」 Danne and Blackburn replaced the complex meatball with a stripped-down, modernist interpretation where even the cross stroke of the A』s were removed. During the first design presentation, the proposed system was met with some resistance. Danne remembers NASA』s Administrator, Dr. James Fletcher, and Deputy Administrator, Dr. George Low, having the following exchange:
Fletcher: 「I』m simply not comfortable with those letters, something is missing.」
Low: 「Well, yes, the cross stroke is gone from the letter A.」
Fletcher: 「Yes, and that bothers me.」
Low: 「Why?」
Fletcher: (long pause) 「I just don』t feel we are getting our money』s worth!」
Still, the new program was approved and implemented. Seventeen years later, despite its winning the prestigious 「Award of Design Excellence」 by The Presidential Design Awards, NASA scrapped the Danne and Blackburn design and re-instated 「The Meatball.」 Danne thinks this was at least partly due to how NASA chose to introduce the new logo to its various internal agencies in the first place. He says the redesign was kept secret until letters were set out to every center director … on their new stationery. Those loyal to the old design were offended, and a rivalry between 「The Meatball」 and the new design (unaffectionately dubbed 「The Worm」) began.
Now that NASA finds itself in another downturn, I asked Danne if he thought NASA would commission another redesign. He didn』t think that the budget would allow it, but 「if they were to change image directions … they already have one very fine design program just waiting to be launched again
wiki-en
In 1974, as part of the Federal Graphics Improvement Program of the National Endowment for the Arts, NASA hired Richard Danne and Bruce Blackburn to design a more modern http://logo.In 1975, the agency switched to the modernist NASA logotype, nicknamed "the worm", a red, stylized rendering of the letters N-A-S-A.The A"s horizontal bar is removed in the worm logo. The NASA logotype was retired from official use in 1992.The design is used only for special occasions and commercial merchandising purposes approved by the Visual Identity Coordinator at NASA Headquarters. As of 2013, this logo, altered by the use of blue lettering instead of red, is still in use by the NASA Federal Credit Union.
啟用原因：NASA覺得自己需要一個更加狂霸酷炫現代的logo 或者說那時尼克松推行了一項「 the Federal Graphic Improvement Program」私譯為「聯邦LOGO現代化運動」
In 1975, President Nixon initiated the Federal Graphic Improvement Program, which took all agencies and improved their insignias and logos,
Those loyal to the old design were offended, and a rivalry between 「The Meatball」 and the new design (unaffectionately dubbed 「The Worm」)began.
去NASA官網找到了個這個
「In 1975, President Nixon initiated the Federal Graphic Improvement Program, which took all agencies and improved their insignias and logos,」 Chambers said.
The NASA worm insignia was developed as part of that program. NASA administrators James C. Fletcher and George Low accepted the new design — with resistance. 「You either loved the worm it or hated it,」 Chambers said.
In 1993, the swoosh, a simplified version of the NASA insignia, was produced. NASA had to maintain and repair aircraft and needed something simple.
Wings, Meatballs, Worms, and Swooshes http://www.nytimes.com/glogin?URI=http%3A%2F%2F6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F03%2Fwho-made-those-nasa-logos%2F%3F_r%3D1 NASA insignia
它的故事是這樣的：NASA劉易斯研究中心(現在是NASA格倫研究中心)研究報告部門主管James J. Modarelli是NASA的局徽和肉丸徽章的總設計師。1958年7月，Modarelli參加了AAL的三年一次視察，在科學界受邀來賓面前著重介紹NACA內部的設施和研究工作。在Ames會議中，Modarelli參與了一個共有九站的專題研究活動簡報之旅。在Ames統一規劃風洞，他參觀了由Ames研究人員討論當前先進超音速飛機技術的展覽。在展示中有一個激進的超音速飛機構型風洞模型，設計在3倍音速下高效飛行。它有著反撓扭轉的箭形機翼和上翹機鼻，這個圓滑的模型作為NACA尖端航空工作的象徵給Modarelli留下了深刻印象。
在夏末對蘭利的訪問中，他見到了另一個高翹反繞箭形機翼模型在蘭利風洞進行超音速測試。Ames和蘭利的工作都是由NACA/NASA的傑出科學家R. T. Jones尋求超音速下氣動效率的開拓性努力所激發的。Jones被視為分析和提倡後掠翼對高速飛行有利影響的美國科學家第一人。
Jones在1946年從蘭利調到Ames時，他保留了對這一課題興趣，在Ames發起新研究時，也保持了與蘭利老同事們的聯繫。Jones在Ames手下的研究主管是Elliott D. Katzen，而Clinton E. Brown則領導了蘭利的工作。1958年，在回顧了兩個小組創造的先進機翼後，Modarelli在他的NASA局徽設計演進中加入了這個激進的箭形機翼的風格化形象，這對翅膀最終也將成為NASA徽章的元素。
