各國的主流媒體是如何報道中國的嫦娥三號探月工程的？

11-27

首先twitter上基本是一片沸騰，老外們除了覺得發射很成功外，紛紛表示央視的coverage很牛逼，並且表示NASA應該學習中國在火箭上多放幾個攝像頭，不少老外覺得器箭分離時候的畫面就像星戰中的畫面一樣。
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主流媒體，華盛頓郵報的比較積極，強調NASA到了應該和中國合作的地步了。
BEIJING — China took a significant step toward eventually landing a
person on the moon with Monday』s successful launch of a rocket carrying
its first moon rover, the 「Jade Rabbit.」

The rocket blasted off from southwestern China at 1:30 a.m.
Monday, a day after India』s maiden Mars orbiter left Earth』s orbit on
its journey to the red planet, in what some observers characterize as Asia』s new space race.

China』s rocket is expected to deposit the rover in the right eye of
the 「Man in the Moon」 in mid-December, specifically targeting a large
volcanic crater known as the Sinus Iridum or Bay of Rainbows, thought to
be relatively free of large rocks.

If successful, China will be the third country to achieve a soft landing on the moon, after the United States and Russia.

「We will strive for our space dream as part of the Chinese dream of
national rejuvenation,」 said Zhang Zhenshong, director of the Xichang
Satellite Launch Center, according to the Xinhua state news agency.

Zhang was echoing the nationalist rhetoric of President Xi Jinping, who has made the 「Chinese dream」 one of his key motifs.

The rover, called 「Yutu」 in Chinese, is named after a Chinese myth
about a woman named Chang』e who swallowed magic pills and took her pet
rabbit to the moon, where she has been living as a goddess ever since.

The rover will set up a telescope on the moon for the first time,
survey the moon』s geological structure and look for natural resources
through a radar installed on the rover, Xinhua reported.

Ultimately, China aims to follow the United States by landing a man on
the moon — although it has yet to set a specific target date for that
mission — and to continue toward Mars.

「China』s space
exploration will not stop at the moon,」 Sun Huixian, a senior engineer
in the space program, told Xinhua. 「Our target is deep space.」

Chinese scientists and experts frame the space program partially in
terms of the nation』s constant quest for energy and raw materials,
talking about helium-3 and solar power as potential energy sources on
the moon, as well as its reserves of titanium, rare earths, uranium and
thorite.

「Now nobody is exploiting the resources because the
economic costs are too high,」 Ouyang Ziyuan of the Chinese Academy of
Science told Xinhua. 「This is a possibility in the future, and humans
should know what is there on the moon.」

Chinese officials
denied they were in competition with India or other nations and have
offered to cooperate with other countries.

Some U.S. scientists
say the Chinese mission is not likely to add much to what is already
known about the moon. In a recent article in Aerospace America magazine,
unidentified U.S. scientists said the Chinese rover design was similar
to NASA』s Mars Exploration Rover and that, apart from the Chinese radar
system, many instruments were similar to those carried by previous U.S.
and Russian space missions.

However, the mission does represent a
breakthrough in China』s space program, and it shows the country is
making progress toward landing a person on the moon. Buzz Aldrin, the
second man to walk on the moon, has urged NASA to cooperate with China,
perhaps collaborating one day to land a person on Mars.

「The
Chang』e 3 details tell me that the U.S. now absolutely must start
communicating with the Chinese about lunar cooperation,」 he told
Aerospace America.

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紐約時報我覺得就比較mean了，刻意指出「有言論稱」中國偷了技術，然後自己稍加駁斥。

HONG KONG — China』s latest display of ambition in space involves sending
a Jade Rabbit roaming across the Bay of Rainbows.

A rocket blasted off from southwest China early Monday, carrying the
country』s first robotic lunar rover, the Jade Rabbit, which will explore
a plain on the moon that, despite its colorful name, is a dark expanse
of hardened lava.

If successful, the Chang』e-3 mission will be China』s first 「soft
landing」 on the moon — which allows a craft to operate after descending —
and the first such landing by any country since 1976, when the Soviet
Union sent a probe. The United States is the other country that has
mastered soft lunar landings, and the last American expedition on the
moon』s surface was a manned visit in 1972. Chinese state-run television
broadcast footage of the rocket』s untroubled launch and ascent into
space, where the Chang』e-3 craft set off toward the moon.

For China』s Communist Party under President Xi Jinping, such feats embody his rallying cry of a 「Chinese dream」 of patriotic unity under one-party rule, supported by technological advances and rising international stature.

「If it』s all successful, it will certainly indicate that they have
really come up the learning curve in terms of technology,」 said Joan
Johnson-Freese, a professor of national security affairs at the United
States Naval War College in Rhode Island who researches China』s space
activities. Professor Johnson-Freese emphasized that she was giving her
own views.

「China』s getting a lot of prestige, which turns into geostrategic
influence, from the fact that they are the third country to have manned
spaceflight capabilities, that they are going to the moon,」 she said.

The Chinese state-run news media has responded to the launch from the
Xichang Satellite Launch Center with jubilation. That is likely to reach
a climax in about two weeks, when the landing vehicle is scheduled to
descend on the moon and release the Jade Rabbit, or Yutu, robotic rover
to start sending back data and pictures from Sinus Iridum, or the Bay of
Rainbows, a basaltic plain formed from lava that filled a crater.

But as well as patriotic pride, China』s space activities
are generating skills to enhance the country』s science, satellites and
military, experts said. China』s advances in space include five manned
flights, which are intended to pave the way for a space station. The
country is also developing an array of new satellites, including the
BeiDou navigation system that will have a chain of 35 satellites. Many
of the advances used for better rockets and space guidance can be
applied in missiles.

「Simple prestige is certainly a key driver in a lot of China』s space
programs, in particular the manned space program,」 said Mark Stokes, the
executive director of the Project 2049 Institute, a research
organization in Washington focused on security issues in Asia. 「It』s
also a way to mobilize resources and to concentrate resources in a way
that could result in certain types of spinoff technologies.」

Above all, China has been learning how to orchestrate complicated
engineering tasks and to surmount the poor bureaucratic coordination
that has often frustrated such efforts, said Dean Cheng, a senior
research fellow at the Heritage Foundation in Washington who has studied
China』s space programs.

「We in the U.S., in the West, tend to focus on the widget aspect of
China』s space progress,」 Mr. Cheng said. 「But I would say that what we
sometimes miss is how important these organizational changes are. All
the Chinese space efforts are efforts at improving their systems
engineering.」

China』s military drives the country』s space program, and that has caused
wariness among Western governments. Suspicions have been magnified by
allegations that China has stolen information for its space and missile
programs. Congress passed a law in 2011 that bans the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration from developing bilateral contacts
with China, although multilateral contacts are not proscribed.

But China』s program has reached a point where deeper cooperation with
the United States or Russia would make little difference, said Gregory
Kulacki, China project manager at the Union of Concerned Scientists. He
nonetheless supports closer contacts to foster cooperation and reduce
mistrust. 「They don』t really need to rely on any outside sources to
continue to make the progress that they』re making,」 Mr. Kulacki said.

China established a foothold in space in 1970, when a small, primitive
satellite beamed back an ode to Mao Zedong, 「The East is Red.」 From the
1980s, the Communist Party leadership began to develop bigger plans, and
in 2003, China sent its first astronaut into space. China has since
carried out four more manned missions.

The Chang』e lunar exploration program, named after a moon goddess, began
in 2007 with a craft that orbited the moon, and the Cheng』e-2 mission
launched in 2010 sent back more detailed images of the moon, including
of the area where Chang』e-3 will land. (The Chang』e-1 craft hurtled into
the moon in a controlled, hard landing in 2009.)

For the Chang』e-3 mission, the rover — a solar-powered, six-wheeled
vehicle similar to ones the United States has sent to Mars — will spend
three months exploring and collecting data. A future mission that could
take place in several years would be intended to bring back rocks and
other samples from the moon. The Chinese government said in 2011 it was
also studying sending an astronaut to the moon, but that remains a
distant prospect.

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BBC的除了指出玉兔上沒有太多新玩意來讓我們了解一些關於月球的新信息以外，沒有太多感情色彩。

China has launched its first lunar rover mission, the next key step in the Asian superpower"s ambitious space programme.

The Chang"e-3 mission blasted off from Xichang in the south at 01:30 Monday local time (17:30 GMT Sunday).

The Long March rocket"s payload includes a landing module and a six-wheeled robotic rover called Yutu (or Jade Rabbit).

The mission should land in the Moon"s northern hemisphere in mid-December.

Chinese state TV carried live pictures of the launch of the Chinese-developed Long March 3B rocket carrying the lunar probe.

This will be the third robotic rover mission to land on the
lunar surface, but the Chinese vehicle carries a more sophisticated
payload, including ground-penetrating radar which will gather
measurements of the lunar soil and crust.

The 120kg (260lb) Jade Rabbit rover can climb slopes of up to
30 degrees and travel at 200m (660ft) per hour, according to its
designer the Shanghai Aerospace Systems Engineering Research Institute.

Its name - chosen in an online poll of 3.4 million voters - derives
from an ancient Chinese myth about a rabbit living on the moon as the
pet of the lunar goddess Chang"e.

Last week, Prof Ouyang Ziyuan told the BBC"s science editor
David Shukman that the mission would test key technology and carry out
science, adding: "In terms of the talents, China needs its own
intellectual team who can explore the whole lunar and solar system -
that is also our main purpose."

The lander"s target is Sinus Iridum (Latin for Bay of
Rainbows) a flat volcanic plain thought to be relatively clear of large
rocks. It is part of a larger feature known as Mare Imbrium that forms
the right eye of the "Man in the Moon".

Other details of the mission are sketchy; the rover and
lander are powered by solar panels but other sources suggest they also
carry radioisotope heating units (RHUs) containing plutonium-238 to keep
them warm during the cold lunar night.

The US Apollo astronauts Eugene Cernan and "Buzz" Aldrin have also remarked in a recent article
that the landing module is substantially bigger than it needs to be to
carry the rover, suggesting that it could be precursor technology to a
human landing.

If successful, the mission, aimed at exploring the Moon"s
surface and looking for natural resources such as rare metals, will be a
milestone in China"s long-term space exploration programme, which
includes establishing a permanent space station in Earth orbit.

Assertive China

Chang"e 3 is "the most complicated and difficult task yet in
China"s exploration of space" and incorporates lots of new technology,
Xinhua reported Wu Zhijian, a spokesman with the State Administration of
Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence, as saying.

But one unnamed US scientist recently told the magazine Aerospace
America: "Except for a ground-penetrating radar on the rover, none of
many science instruments on the lander/rover are expected to discover
much new on the Moon."

The launch comes at a time when the Asian superpower is
asserting itself in other areas, such as control of airspace over the
East China Sea. China considers its space programme a symbol of its
rising global stature and technological advancement, as well as of the
Communist Party"s success in reversing the fortunes of the once
impoverished nation.

Future lunar launches planned by China include a mission to
bring back samples of lunar soil to Earth. But officials have also
stated an ambitious goal of sending humans to the Moon, in what could be
the first manned lunar missions since the US Apollo programme in the
1960s and 1970s.

Prof Ouyang, from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also
highlighted the potential for exploiting the Moon"s environment and
natural resources. With only a very thin atmosphere, solar panels would
operate far more efficiently, he believes, and a "belt" of them could
"support the whole world".

He also pointed out the potential riches in terms of minerals
and metals, which could eventually be mined. "The Moon is full of
resources - mainly rare earth elements, titanium, and uranium, which the
Earth is really short of, and these resources can be used without
limitation."

法國方面的反應總的來說無喜無怒。（幾乎）沒有報紙進行其政治意義的評論，相反，都仔細報道了航天器和中國奔月傳說的關係，以及一些技術數據。

世界報：
「La Chine à la conquête de la Lune」「征服月亮的中國」
「il s』agit pour les Chinois de valider des technologies qui leur serviront plus tard」「（登月）讓中國有機會驗證自己的技術力量，這些技術力量在以後將發揮作用。」
「Le pari est osé, mais rien n』interdit à la Chine, soulignent les observateurs, d』ouvrir plus tard ses programmes à des participants étrangers」「（建立月球基地的計劃）勇氣可嘉，觀察者指出，中國接下來很可能會和其他國家展開國際合作。」

費加羅報：
「Réseau social sur lequel l"enthousiasme était assombri par quelques voix dissonantes, s"offusquant des milliards de dollars consacrés par la Chine à la conquête spatiale.」「社交網路上的狂熱氣氛中糅雜著一些不和諧聲音，反對中國耗費數十億美元去征服宇宙。」

二十分鐘報：
「Les Chinois sont dans la Lune」「中國人在月亮里（法國諺語：中國人一片迷茫）」
「Le président Xi Jinping fait d』ailleurs de la conquête spatiale un élément incontournable du ?rêve chinois?, le slogan fondateur de sa politique」「國家主席習近平則認為征服宇宙是「中國夢」中必不可少的一個部分，這也是他的政綱口號。」
「Qui pourrait bien transformer l』atelier du monde en un roi de l』espace.」「（中國）將從世界工廠蛻變為宇宙之王。」

日本媒體最近像祥林嫂一樣重複著防空識別圈的相關報道，對嫦娥3號的報道並不重視
朝日新聞的報道發自駐中國的華裔記者，較為客觀但是簡潔得很：

　【北京＝林望】中國の無人月探査機「嫦娥（じょうが）３號」が２日未明、四川省の西昌衛星発射センターから打ち上げられた。搭載した無人探査車「玉兎號」などによる初の月面著陸を目指しており、成功すれば舊ソ連、米國に次いで３カ國目。將來の有人月面探査に向け、大きな一歩となる。
　國営新華社通信によると、嫦娥３號は２日午前１時３０分（日本時間同２時３０分）、「長征３號Ｂ」ロケットで打ち上げられ、予定の軌道に入った。月面著陸はおよそ１０日後の予定。「玉兎號」による地質?資源調査のほか、搭載した望遠鏡が月からの天體観測もする。
　中國は２００７年に初の月探査衛星「嫦娥１號」を打ち上げ、１０年には「嫦娥２號」が、月を周回飛行しながら鮮明な月面の立體寫真の撮影に成功。月面著陸への準備を整えてきた。香港紙などによると、３０年までに有人の月面著陸を実現させる計畫だ。

日本經濟新聞的報道則是日籍駐華記者所撰，略帶一些偏見，不過這種文字也都是日媒一貫的風格：

·提到中國比美蘇晚了40多年，有主張「登月也不算是什麼了不起的事情」之嫌；本島也在09年就發射了繞月衛星並引導其撞擊月面指定地點（大家用不著覺得中國超過了日本）

·最後一句「日美對中國在未來將宇宙技術用于軍事表示關切」帶著日媒濃濃的「小日本精神」，這種精神的上一次典型運用是在上次朝鮮發射第一個衛星之時，愣是活生生把衛星說成是彈道導彈，衛星都上去了都不改口死稱「火箭的本質就是導彈嘛北朝鮮人發的就是導彈就是導彈倫家說是就是」。。

以下原文：

　【北京＝山田周平】中國政府は２日未明、月面探査機「嫦娥（じょうが）３號」を打ち上げ、月に向かう軌道に乗せることに成功した。軟著陸させ、無人探査機を使って月の地質などを調べる。月面で機器類の活動に成功すれば米國、舊ソ連に次ぎ３カ國目。中國は月面著陸の実績をつくって宇宙大國の一角の地位を固め、國威発揚につなげる狙いだ。
　嫦娥３號は２日午前１時半（日本時間同２時半）、四川省の西昌衛星発射センターから、大型ロケット「長征３號Ｂ」で打ち上げられた。月への軌道に乗り、制御に必要な電力を得る太陽光発電パネルを広げることに成功した。

　嫦娥とは中國の伝説で月に住む仙女のこと。嫦娥３號は12月中旬に月面に軟著陸する見通し。月には大気がほとんどない利點を生かし、約１年にわたって各種センサーで宇宙観測を行う。
　同時に、６輪の無人探査機「玉兎（伝説で月に住むウサギ）號」を送り込む。玉兎號は月面で約90日間活動し、表面の地質を調べるほか、レーダーを使って地下100メートルまでの土壌を調査する。
　世界の月面探査では、米國が1960年代～70年代の「アポロ計畫」で宇宙飛行士12人を送り、舊ソ連が無人探査機を活動させた。中國は約40年遅れながら、米ソに技術で追いつく。日本は月周回衛星「かぐや」を09年、月面の狙った地點に制御して衝突させている。
　中國は07年に嫦娥１號、10年に嫦娥２號を打ち上げて月を周回させ、探査技術を高めてきた。17年には、月に著陸した後に地球へ帰還する探査機を打ち上げる予定で、20年以降に宇宙飛行士を送り込む構想もある。
　中國は獨自の宇宙ステーション建設を目指し有人飛行も繰り返すなど、宇宙開発で米ロを急速に追い上げている。一方で、今年５月の観測ロケット打ち上げを米國防當局者が「衛星攻撃兵器（ＡＳＡＴ）開発のためのミサイル実験だった」と指摘するなど、米國や日本は技術の軍事転用を懸念している。